local strftime = require "luatz.strftime".strftime
local strformat = string.format
local floor = math.floor
local idiv do
	-- Try and use actual integer division when available (Lua 5.3+)
	local idiv_loader = (loadstring or load)([[return function(n,d) return n//d end]], "idiv") -- luacheck: ignore 113
	if idiv_loader then
		idiv = idiv_loader()
	else
		idiv = function(n, d)
			return floor(n/d)
		end
	end
end


local mon_lengths = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31}
-- Number of days in year until start of month; not corrected for leap years
local months_to_days_cumulative = {0}
for i = 2, 12 do
	months_to_days_cumulative[i] = months_to_days_cumulative[i-1] + mon_lengths[i-1]
end
-- For Sakamoto's Algorithm (day of week)
local sakamoto = {0, 3, 2, 5, 0, 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 4};

local function is_leap(y)
	if (y % 4) ~= 0 then
		return false
	elseif (y % 100) ~= 0 then
		return true
	else
		return (y % 400) == 0
	end
end

local function month_length(m, y)
	if m == 2 then
		return is_leap(y) and 29 or 28
	else
		return mon_lengths[m]
	end
end

local function leap_years_since(year)
	return idiv(year, 4) - idiv(year, 100) + idiv(year, 400)
end

local function day_of_year(day, month, year)
	local yday = months_to_days_cumulative[month]
	if month > 2 and is_leap(year) then
		yday = yday + 1
	end
	return yday + day
end

local function day_of_week(day, month, year)
	if month < 3 then
		year = year - 1
	end
	return(year + leap_years_since(year) + sakamoto[month] + day) % 7 + 1
end

local function borrow(tens, units, base)
	local frac = tens % 1
	units = units + frac * base
	tens = tens - frac
	return tens, units
end

local function carry(tens, units, base)
	if units >= base then
		tens  = tens + idiv(units, base)
		units = units % base
	elseif units < 0 then
		tens  = tens + idiv(units, base)
		units = (base + units) % base
	end
	return tens, units
end

-- Modify parameters so they all fit within the "normal" range
local function normalise(year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
	-- `month` and `day` start from 1, need -1 and +1 so it works modulo
	month, day = month - 1, day - 1

	-- Convert everything (except seconds) to an integer
	-- by propagating fractional components down.
	year , month = borrow(year , month, 12)
	-- Carry from month to year first, so we get month length correct in next line around leap years
	year , month = carry(year, month, 12)
	month, day   = borrow(month, day  , month_length(floor(month + 1), year))
	day  , hour  = borrow(day  , hour , 24)
	hour , min   = borrow(hour , min  , 60)
	min  , sec   = borrow(min  , sec  , 60)

	-- Propagate out of range values up
	-- e.g. if `min` is 70, `hour` increments by 1 and `min` becomes 10
	-- This has to happen for all columns after borrowing, as lower radixes may be pushed out of range
	min  , sec   = carry(min , sec , 60) -- TODO: consider leap seconds?
	hour , min   = carry(hour, min , 60)
	day  , hour  = carry(day , hour, 24)
	-- Ensure `day` is not underflowed
	-- Add a whole year of days at a time, this is later resolved by adding months
	-- TODO[OPTIMIZE]: This could be slow if `day` is far out of range
	while day < 0 do
		month = month - 1
		if month < 0 then
			year = year - 1
			month = 11
		end
		day = day + month_length(month + 1, year)
	end
	year, month = carry(year, month, 12)

	-- TODO[OPTIMIZE]: This could potentially be slow if `day` is very large
	while true do
		local i = month_length(month + 1, year)
		if day < i then break end
		day = day - i
		month = month + 1
		if month >= 12 then
			month = 0
			year = year + 1
		end
	end

	-- Now we can place `day` and `month` back in their normal ranges
	-- e.g. month as 1-12 instead of 0-11
	month, day = month + 1, day + 1

	return year, month, day, hour, min, sec
end

local leap_years_since_1970 = leap_years_since(1970)
local function timestamp(year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
	year, month, day, hour, min, sec = normalise(year, month, day, hour, min, sec)

	local days_since_epoch = day_of_year(day, month, year)
		+ 365 * (year - 1970)
		-- Each leap year adds one day
		+ (leap_years_since(year - 1) - leap_years_since_1970) - 1

	return days_since_epoch * (60*60*24)
		+ hour * (60*60)
		+ min  * 60
		+ sec
end


local timetable_methods = {}

function timetable_methods:unpack()
	return assert(self.year , "year required"),
		assert(self.month, "month required"),
		assert(self.day  , "day required"),
		self.hour or 12,
		self.min  or 0,
		self.sec  or 0,
		self.yday,
		self.wday
end

function timetable_methods:normalise()
	local year, month, day
	year, month, day, self.hour, self.min, self.sec = normalise(self:unpack())

	self.day   = day
	self.month = month
	self.year  = year
	self.yday  = day_of_year(day, month, year)
	self.wday  = day_of_week(day, month, year)

	return self
end
timetable_methods.normalize = timetable_methods.normalise -- American English

function timetable_methods:timestamp()
	return timestamp(self:unpack())
end

function timetable_methods:rfc_3339()
	local year, month, day, hour, min, fsec = self:unpack()
	local sec, msec = borrow(fsec, 0, 1000)
	msec = math.floor(msec)
	return strformat("%04u-%02u-%02uT%02u:%02u:%02d.%03d", year, month, day, hour, min, sec, msec)
end

function timetable_methods:strftime(format_string)
	return strftime(format_string, self)
end

local timetable_mt

local function coerce_arg(t)
	if getmetatable(t) == timetable_mt then
		return t:timestamp()
	end
	return t
end

timetable_mt = {
	__index    = timetable_methods;
	__tostring = timetable_methods.rfc_3339;
	__eq = function(a, b)
		return a:timestamp() == b:timestamp()
	end;
	__lt = function(a, b)
		return a:timestamp() < b:timestamp()
	end;
	__sub = function(a, b)
		return coerce_arg(a) - coerce_arg(b)
	end;
}

local function cast_timetable(tm)
	return setmetatable(tm, timetable_mt)
end

local function new_timetable(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, yday, wday)
	return cast_timetable {
		year  = year;
		month = month;
		day   = day;
		hour  = hour;
		min   = min;
		sec   = sec;
		yday  = yday;
		wday  = wday;
	}
end

function timetable_methods:clone()
	return new_timetable(self:unpack())
end

local function new_from_timestamp(ts)
	if type(ts) ~= "number" then
		error("bad argument #1 to 'new_from_timestamp' (number expected, got " .. type(ts) .. ")", 2)
	end
	return new_timetable(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, ts):normalise()
end

return {
	is_leap = is_leap;
	day_of_year = day_of_year;
	day_of_week = day_of_week;
	normalise = normalise;
	timestamp = timestamp;

	new = new_timetable;
	new_from_timestamp = new_from_timestamp;
	cast = cast_timetable;
	timetable_mt = timetable_mt;
}