X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/taskwarrior.git/blobdiff_plain/141660ecf88b2be17b9685dc2d908b73386ad03a..5be86bdbbc04abcd18478a4337f629026da5e3cf:/docs/index.rst diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst index 8b6b458..17ea42a 100644 --- a/docs/index.rst +++ b/docs/index.rst @@ -1,10 +1,16 @@ Welcome to tasklib's documentation! =================================== +tasklib is a Python library for interacting with taskwarrior_ databases, using +a queryset API similar to that of Django's ORM. + +Supports Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 with taskwarrior 2.1.x and above. +Older versions of taskwarrior are untested and may not work. + Requirements ------------ -* taskwarrior_ v2.2.0 or v2.3.0 beta2 +* taskwarrior_ v2.1.x or above, although newest minor release is recommended. Installation ------------ @@ -30,6 +36,154 @@ The default location is the same as taskwarrior's:: >>> tw = TaskWarrior(data_location='~/.task', create=True) +The ``TaskWarrior`` instance will also use your .taskrc configuration (so that +it recognizes the same UDAs as your task binary, uses the same configuration, +etc.). To override the location of the .taskrc, use +``taskrc_location=~/some/different/path``. + +Creating Tasks +-------------- + +To create a task, simply create a new ``Task`` object:: + + >>> new_task = Task(tw, description="throw out the trash") + +This task is not yet saved to TaskWarrior (same as in Django), not until +you call ``.save()`` method:: + + >>> new_task.save() + +You can set any attribute as a keyword argument to the Task object:: + + >>> complex_task = Task(tw, description="finally fix the shower", due=datetime(2015,2,14,8,0,0), priority='H') + +or by setting the attributes one by one:: + + >>> complex_task = Task(tw) + >>> complex_task['description'] = "finally fix the shower" + >>> complex_task['due'] = datetime(2015,2,14,8,0,0) + >>> complex_task['priority'] = 'H' + +Modifying Task +-------------- + +To modify a created or retrieved ``Task`` object, use dictionary-like access:: + + >>> homework = tw.tasks.get(tags=['chores']) + >>> homework['project'] = 'Home' + +The change is not propagated to the TaskWarrior until you run the ``save()`` method:: + + >>> homework.save() + +Attributes, which map to native Python objects are converted. See Task Attributes section. + +Task Attributes +--------------- + +Attributes of task objects are accessible through indices, like so:: + + >>> task = tw.tasks.pending().get(tags__contain='work') # There is only one pending task with 'work' tag + >>> task['description'] + 'Upgrade Ubuntu Server' + >>> task['id'] + 15 + >>> task['due'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 5, 0, 0, tzinfo=) + >>> task['tags'] + ['work', 'servers'] + +The following fields are deserialized into Python objects: + +* ``due``, ``wait``, ``scheduled``, ``until``, ``entry``: deserialized to a ``datetime`` object +* ``annotations``: deserialized to a list of ``TaskAnnotation`` objects +* ``tags``: deserialized to a list of strings +* ``depends``: deserialized to a set of ``Task`` objects + +Attributes should be set using the correct Python representation, which will be +serialized into the correct format when the task is saved. + +Task properties +--------------- + +Tasklib defines several properties upon ``Task`` object, for convenience:: + + >>> t.save() + >>> t.saved + True + >>> t.pending + True + >>> t.active + False + >>> t.start() + >>> t.active + True + >>> t.done() + >>> t.completed + True + >>> t.pending + False + >>> t.delete() + >>> t.deleted + True + +Operations on Tasks +------------------- + +After modifying one or more attributes, simple call ``save()`` to write those +changes to the database:: + + >>> task = tw.tasks.pending().get(tags__contain='work') + >>> task['due'] = datetime(year=2014, month=1, day=5) + >>> task.save() + +To mark a task as complete, use ``done()``:: + + >>> task = tw.tasks.pending().get(tags__contain='work') + >>> task.done() + >>> len(tw.tasks.pending().filter(tags__contain='work')) + 0 + +To delete a task, use ``delete()``:: + + >>> task = tw.tasks.get(description="task added by mistake") + >>> task.delete() + +To update a task object with values from TaskWarrior database, use ``refresh()``. Example:: + + >>> task = Task(tw, description="learn to cook") + >>> task.save() + >>> task['id'] + 5 + >>> task['tags'] + [] + +Now, suppose the we modify the task using the TaskWarrior interface in another terminal:: + + $ task 5 modify +someday + Task 5 modified. + +Switching back to the open python process:: + + >>> task['tags'] + [] + >>> task.refresh() + >>> task['tags'] + ['someday'] + +Tasks can also be started and stopped. Use ``start()`` and ``stop()`` +respectively:: + + >>> task.start() + >>> task['start'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 16, 18, 48, 28, tzinfo=) + >>> task.stop() + >>> task['start'] + >>> task.done() + >>> task['end'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 16, 18, 49, 2, tzinfo=) + + Retrieving Tasks ---------------- @@ -37,13 +191,14 @@ Retrieving Tasks API. To get all tasks (including completed ones):: >>> tw.tasks.all() + ['First task', 'Completed task', 'Deleted task', ...] Filtering --------- Filter tasks using the same familiar syntax:: - >>> tw.tasks.filter(status='pending', tags__contain='work') + >>> tw.tasks.filter(status='pending', tags__contains=['work']) ['Upgrade Ubuntu Server'] Filter arguments are passed to the ``task`` command (``__`` is replaced by @@ -56,6 +211,22 @@ Tasks can also be filtered using raw commands, like so:: >>> tw.tasks.filter('status:pending +work') ['Upgrade Ubuntu Server'] +Although this practice is discouraged, as by using raw commands you may lose +some of the portablility of your commands over different TaskWarrior versions. + +However, you can mix raw commands with keyword filters, as in the given example:: + + >>> tw.tasks.filter('+BLOCKING', project='Home') # Gets all blocking tasks in project Home + ['Fix the toilette'] + +This can be a neat way how to use syntax not yet supported by tasklib. The above +is excellent example, since virtual tags do not work the same way as the ordinary ones, that is:: + + >>> tw.tasks.filter(tags=['BLOCKING']) + >>> [] + +will not work. + There are built-in functions for retrieving pending & completed tasks:: >>> tw.tasks.pending().filter(tags__contain='work') @@ -66,59 +237,361 @@ There are built-in functions for retrieving pending & completed tasks:: Use ``get()`` to return the only task in a ``TaskQuerySet``, or raise an exception:: - >>> tw.tasks.filter(status='pending', tags__contain='work').get() - 'Upgrade Ubuntu Server' - >>> tw.tasks.filter(status='pending', tags__contain='work').get(status='completed') + >>> tw.tasks.get(tags__contain='work')['status'] + 'pending' + >>> tw.tasks.get(status='completed', tags__contains='work') # Status of only task with the work tag is pending, so this should fail Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "tasklib/task.py", line 224, in get 'Lookup parameters were {0}'.format(kwargs)) - tasklib.task.DoesNotExist: Task matching query does not exist. Lookup parameters were {'status': 'completed'} - >>> tw.tasks.filter(status='pending', tags__contain='home').get() + tasklib.task.DoesNotExist: Task matching query does not exist. Lookup parameters were {'status': 'completed', 'tags__contains': ['work']} + >>> tw.tasks.get(status='pending') Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "tasklib/task.py", line 227, in get 'Lookup parameters were {1}'.format(num, kwargs)) - ValueError: get() returned more than one Task -- it returned 2! Lookup parameters were {} + ValueError: get() returned more than one Task -- it returned 23! Lookup parameters were {'status': 'pending'} -Task Attributes ---------------- +Additionally, since filters return ``TaskQuerySets`` you can stack filters on top of each other:: -Attributes of task objects are accessible through indices, like so:: + >>> home_tasks = tw.tasks.filter(project='Wife') + >>> home_tasks.filter(due__before=datetime(2015,2,14,14,14,14)) # What I have to do until Valentine's day + ['Prepare surprise birthday party'] - >>> task = tw.tasks.pending().filter(tags__contain='work').get() - >>> task['description'] - 'Upgrade Ubuntu Server' - >>> task['id'] - 15 - >>> task['due'] - datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 5, 0, 0) - >>> task['tags'] - ['work', 'servers'] +Equality of Task objects +------------------------ -The following fields are deserialized into Python objects: +Two Tasks are considered equal if they have the same UUIDs:: -* ``due``: deserialized to a ``datetime`` object -* ``annotations``: deserialized to a list of dictionaries, where the ``entry`` - field is a ``datetime`` object -* ``tags``: deserialized to a list + >>> task1 = Task(tw, description="Pet the dog") + >>> task1.save() + >>> task2 = tw.tasks.get(description="Pet the dog") + >>> task1 == task2 + True -Attributes should be set using the correct Python representation, which will be -serialized into the correct format when the task is saved. +If you compare the two unsaved tasks, they are considered equal only if it's the +same Python object:: -Saving Tasks ------------- + >>> task1 = Task(tw, description="Pet the cat") + >>> task2 = Task(tw, description="Pet the cat") + >>> task1 == task2 + False + >>> task3 = task1 + >>> task3 == task1 + True -After modifying one or more attributes, simple call ``save()`` to write those -changes to the database:: +Accessing original values +------------------------- + +To access the saved state of the Task, use dict-like access using the +``original`` attribute: + + >>> t = Task(tw, description="tidy up") + >>> t.save() + >>> t['description'] = "tidy up the kitchen and bathroom" + >>> t['description'] + "tidy up the kitchen and bathroom" + >>> t.original['description'] + "tidy up" + +When you save the task, original values are refreshed to reflect the +saved state of the task: + + >>> t.save() + >>> t.original['description'] + "tidy up the kitchen and bathroom" + +Dealing with dates and time +--------------------------- + +Any timestamp-like attributes of the tasks are converted to timezone-aware +datetime objects. To achieve this, Tasklib leverages ``pytz`` Python module, +which brings the Olsen timezone databaze to Python. + +This shields you from annoying details of Daylight Saving Time shifts +or conversion between different timezones. For example, to list all the +tasks which are due midnight if you're currently in Berlin: + + >>> myzone = pytz.timezone('Europe/Berlin') + >>> midnight = myzone.localize(datetime(2015,2,2,0,0,0)) + >>> tw.tasks.filter(due__before=midnight) + +However, this is still a little bit tedious. That's why TaskWarrior object +is capable of automatic timezone detection, using the ``tzlocal`` Python +module. If your system timezone is set to 'Europe/Berlin', following example +will work the same way as the previous one: + + >>> tw.tasks.filter(due__before=datetime(2015,2,2,0,0,0)) + +You can also use simple dates when filtering: + + >>> tw.tasks.filter(due__before=date(2015,2,2)) + +In such case, a 00:00:00 is used as the time component. + +Of course, you can use datetime naive objects when initializing Task object +or assigning values to datetime atrributes: + + >>> t = Task(tw, description="Buy new shoes", due=date(2015,2,5)) + >>> t['due'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 5, 0, 0, tzinfo=) + >>> t['due'] = date(2015,2,6,15,15,15) + >>> t['due'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 6, 15, 15, 15, tzinfo=) + +However, since timezone-aware and timezone-naive datetimes are not comparable +in Python, this can cause some unexpected behaviour: + + >>> from datetime import datetime + >>> now = datetime.now() + >>> t = Task(tw, description="take out the trash now") + >>> t['due'] = now + >>> now + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 1, 19, 44, 4, 770001) + >>> t['due'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 1, 19, 44, 4, 770001, tzinfo=) + >>> t['due'] == now + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + TypeError: can't compare offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes + +If you want to compare datetime aware value with datetime naive value, you need +to localize the naive value first: + + >>> from datetime import datetime + >>> from tasklib.task import local_zone + >>> now = local_zone.localize(datetime.now()) + >>> t['due'] = now + >>> now + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 1, 19, 44, 4, 770001, tzinfo=) + >>> t['due'] == now + True + +Also, note that it does not matter whether the timezone aware datetime objects +are set in the same timezone: + + >>> import pytz + >>> t['due'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 1, 19, 44, 4, 770001, tzinfo=) + >>> now.astimezone(pytz.utc) + datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 1, 18, 44, 4, 770001, tzinfo=) + >>> t['due'] == now.astimezone(pytz.utc) + True + +*Note*: Following behaviour is available only for TaskWarrior >= 2.4.0. + +There is a third approach to setting up date time values, which leverages +the 'task calc' command. You can simply set any datetime attribute to +any string that contains an acceptable TaskWarrior-formatted time expression:: + + $ task calc now + 1d + 2015-07-17T21:17:54 + +This syntax can be leveraged in the python interpreter as follows:: + + >>> t['due'] = "now + 1d" + >>> t['due'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 17, 21, 19, 31, tzinfo=) + +It can be easily seen that the string with TaskWarrior-formatted time expression +is automatically converted to native datetime in the local time zone. + +For the list of acceptable formats and keywords, please consult: + +* http://taskwarrior.org/docs/dates.html +* http://taskwarrior.org/docs/named_dates.html + +However, as each such assigment involves call to 'task calc' for conversion, +it might cause some performance issues when assigning strings to datetime +attributes repeatedly, in a automated manner. + +Working with annotations +------------------------ + +Annotations of the tasks are represented in tasklib by ``TaskAnnotation`` objects. These +are much like ``Task`` objects, albeit very simplified. + + >>> annotated_task = tw.tasks.get(description='Annotated task') + >>> annotated_task['annotations'] + [Yeah, I am annotated!] + +Annotations have only defined ``entry`` and ``description`` values:: + + >>> annotation = annotated_task['annotations'][0] + >>> annotation['entry'] + datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 3, 21, 13, 55, tzinfo=) + >>> annotation['description'] + u'Yeah, I am annotated!' + +To add a annotation to a Task, use ``add_annotation()``:: + + >>> task = Task(tw, description="new task") + >>> task.add_annotation("we can annotate any task") + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/tasklib/task.py", line 355, in add_annotation + tasklib.task.NotSaved: Task needs to be saved to add annotation + +However, Task needs to be saved before you can add a annotation to it:: - >>> task = tw.tasks.pending().filter(tags__contain='work').get() - >>> task['due'] = datetime(year=2014, month=1, day=5) >>> task.save() + >>> task.add_annotation("we can annotate saved tasks") + >>> task['annotations'] + [we can annotate saved tasks] -To mark a task as complete, use ``done()``:: +To remove the annotation, pass its description to ``remove_annotation()`` method:: - >>> task = tw.tasks.pending().filter(tags__contain='work').get() - >>> task.done() - >>> len(tw.tasks.pending().filter(tags__contain='work')) - 0 + >>> task.remove_annotation("we can annotate saved tasks") + +Alternatively, you can pass the ``TaskAnnotation`` object itself:: + + >>> task.remove_annotation(task['annotations'][0]) + + +Running custom commands +----------------------- + +To run a custom commands, use ``execute_command()`` method of ``TaskWarrior`` object:: + + >>> tw = TaskWarrior() + >>> tw.execute_command(['log', 'Finish high school.']) + [u'Logged task.'] + +You can use ``config_override`` keyword argument to specify a dictionary of configuration overrides:: + + >>> tw.execute_command(['3', 'done'], config_override={'gc': 'off'}) # Will mark 3 as completed and it will retain its ID + + +Additionally, you can use ``return_all=True`` flag, which returns +``(stdout, sterr, return_code)`` triplet, and ``allow_failure=False``, which will +prevent tasklib from raising an exception if the task binary returned non-zero +return code:: + + >>> tw.execute_command(['invalidcommand'], allow_failure=False, return_all=True) + ([u''], + [u'Using alternate .taskrc file /home/tbabej/.taskrc', + u"[task next rc:/home/tbabej/.taskrc rc.recurrence.confirmation=no rc.json.array=off rc.confirmation=no rc.bulk=0 rc.dependency.confirmation=no description ~ 'invalidcommand']", + u'Configuration override rc.recurrence.confirmation:no', + u'Configuration override rc.json.array:off', + u'Configuration override rc.confirmation:no', + u'Configuration override rc.bulk:0', + u'Configuration override rc.dependency.confirmation:no', + u'No matches.', + u'There are local changes. Sync required.'], + 1) + + +Setting custom configuration values +----------------------------------- + +By default, TaskWarrior uses configuration values stored in your .taskrc. +To see what configuration value overrides are passed to each executed +task command, have a peek into ``overrides`` attribute of ``TaskWarrior`` object:: + + >>> tw.overrides + {'confirmation': 'no', 'data.location': '/home/tbabej/.task'} + +To pass your own configuration overrides, you just need to update this dictionary:: + + >>> tw.overrides.update({'hooks': 'off'}) # tasklib will not trigger hooks + +Creating hook scripts +--------------------- + +From version 2.4.0, TaskWarrior has support for hook scripts. Tasklib provides +some very useful helpers to write those. With tasklib, writing these becomes +a breeze:: + + #!/usr/bin/python + + from tasklib.task import Task + task = Task.from_input() + # ... + print task.export_data() + +For example, plugin which would assign the priority "H" to any task containing +three exclamation marks in the description, would go like this:: + + #!/usr/bin/python + + from tasklib.task import Task + task = Task.from_input() + + if "!!!" in task['description']: + task['priority'] = "H" + + print task.export_data() + +Tasklib can automatically detect whether it's running in the ``on-modify`` event, +which provides more input than ``on-add`` event and reads the data accordingly. + +This means the example above works both for ``on-add`` and ``on-modify`` events! + +Consenquently, you can create just one hook file for both ``on-add`` and +``on-modify`` events, and you just need to create a symlink for the other one. +This removes the need for maintaining two copies of the same code base and/or +boilerplate code. + +In ``on-modify`` events, tasklib loads both the original version and the modified +version of the task to the returned ``Task`` object. To access the original data +(in read-only manner), use ``original`` dict-like attribute: + + >>> t = Task.from_input() + >>> t['description'] + "Modified description" + >>> t.original['description'] + "Original description" + +Working with UDAs +----------------- + +Since TaskWarrior does read your .taskrc, you need not to define any UDAs +in the TaskWarrior's config dictionary, as described above. Suppose we have +a estimate UDA in the .taskrc:: + + uda.estimate.type = numeric + +We can simply filter and create tasks using the estimate UDA out of the box:: + + >>> tw = TaskWarrior() + >>> task = Task(tw, description="Long task", estimate=1000) + >>> task.save() + >>> task['id'] + 1 + +This is saved as UDA in the TaskWarrior:: + + $ task 1 export + {"id":1,"description":"Long task","estimate":1000, ...} + +We can also speficy UDAs as arguments in the TaskFilter:: + + >>> tw.tasks.filter(estimate=1000) + Long task + +Syncing +------- + +If you have configurated the needed config variables in your .taskrc, syncing +is as easy as:: + + >>> tw = TaskWarrior() + >>> tw.execute_command(['sync']) + +If you want to use non-standard server/credentials, you'll need to provide configuration +overrides to the ``TaskWarrior`` instance. Update the ``config`` dictionary with the +values you desire to override, and then we can run the sync command using +the ``execute_command()`` method:: + + >>> tw = TaskWarrior() + >>> sync_config = { + ... 'taskd.certificate': '/home/tbabej/.task/tbabej.cert.pem', + ... 'taskd.credentials': 'Public/tbabej/34af54de-3cb2-4d3d-82be-33ddb8fd3e66', + ... 'taskd.server': 'task.server.com:53589', + ... 'taskd.ca': '/home/tbabej/.task/ca.cert.pem', + ... 'taskd.trust': 'ignore hostname'} + >>> tw.config.update(sync_config) + >>> tw.execute_command(['sync']) + + +.. _taskwarrior: http://taskwarrior.org