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Move fuzz.py to scripts/ (#3199)
[etc/vim.git] / src / black / __init__.py
index 60f4fa34e9ddf28ad097be35704b2d3e3790f3a1..2a5c750a5835562ddf5c743b01ab0cc58b4cb75c 100644 (file)
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 import asyncio
-from json.decoder import JSONDecodeError
-import json
-from concurrent.futures import Executor, ThreadPoolExecutor, ProcessPoolExecutor
-from contextlib import contextmanager
-from datetime import datetime
-from enum import Enum
 import io
-from multiprocessing import Manager, freeze_support
+import json
 import os
-from pathlib import Path
-from pathspec.patterns.gitwildmatch import GitWildMatchPatternError
-import regex as re
+import platform
+import re
 import signal
 import sys
 import tokenize
 import traceback
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import replace
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import Enum
+from json.decoder import JSONDecodeError
+from multiprocessing import Manager, freeze_support
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Dict,
     Generator,
@@ -24,47 +25,75 @@ from typing import (
     MutableMapping,
     Optional,
     Pattern,
+    Sequence,
     Set,
     Sized,
     Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
-from dataclasses import replace
 import click
+from click.core import ParameterSource
+from mypy_extensions import mypyc_attr
+from pathspec.patterns.gitwildmatch import GitWildMatchPatternError
 
-from black.const import DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH, DEFAULT_INCLUDES, DEFAULT_EXCLUDES
-from black.const import STDIN_PLACEHOLDER
-from black.nodes import STARS, syms, is_simple_decorator_expression
-from black.lines import Line, EmptyLineTracker
-from black.linegen import transform_line, LineGenerator, LN
+from _black_version import version as __version__
+from black.cache import Cache, filter_cached, get_cache_info, read_cache, write_cache
 from black.comments import normalize_fmt_off
-from black.mode import Mode, TargetVersion
-from black.mode import Feature, supports_feature, VERSION_TO_FEATURES
-from black.cache import read_cache, write_cache, get_cache_info, filter_cached, Cache
-from black.concurrency import cancel, shutdown, maybe_install_uvloop
-from black.output import dump_to_file, ipynb_diff, diff, color_diff, out, err
-from black.report import Report, Changed, NothingChanged
-from black.files import find_project_root, find_pyproject_toml, parse_pyproject_toml
-from black.files import gen_python_files, get_gitignore, normalize_path_maybe_ignore
-from black.files import wrap_stream_for_windows
-from black.parsing import InvalidInput  # noqa F401
-from black.parsing import lib2to3_parse, parse_ast, stringify_ast
+from black.concurrency import cancel, maybe_install_uvloop, shutdown
+from black.const import (
+    DEFAULT_EXCLUDES,
+    DEFAULT_INCLUDES,
+    DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH,
+    STDIN_PLACEHOLDER,
+)
+from black.files import (
+    find_project_root,
+    find_pyproject_toml,
+    find_user_pyproject_toml,
+    gen_python_files,
+    get_gitignore,
+    normalize_path_maybe_ignore,
+    parse_pyproject_toml,
+    wrap_stream_for_windows,
+)
 from black.handle_ipynb_magics import (
-    mask_cell,
-    unmask_cell,
-    remove_trailing_semicolon,
-    put_trailing_semicolon_back,
+    PYTHON_CELL_MAGICS,
     TRANSFORMED_MAGICS,
     jupyter_dependencies_are_installed,
+    mask_cell,
+    put_trailing_semicolon_back,
+    remove_trailing_semicolon,
+    unmask_cell,
 )
-
-
-# lib2to3 fork
-from blib2to3.pytree import Node, Leaf
+from black.linegen import LN, LineGenerator, transform_line
+from black.lines import EmptyLineTracker, Line
+from black.mode import (
+    FUTURE_FLAG_TO_FEATURE,
+    VERSION_TO_FEATURES,
+    Feature,
+    Mode,
+    TargetVersion,
+    supports_feature,
+)
+from black.nodes import (
+    STARS,
+    is_number_token,
+    is_simple_decorator_expression,
+    is_string_token,
+    syms,
+)
+from black.output import color_diff, diff, dump_to_file, err, ipynb_diff, out
+from black.parsing import InvalidInput  # noqa F401
+from black.parsing import lib2to3_parse, parse_ast, stringify_ast
+from black.report import Changed, NothingChanged, Report
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from blib2to3.pytree import Leaf, Node
 
-from _black_version import version as __version__
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from concurrent.futures import Executor
+
+COMPILED = Path(__file__).suffix in (".pyd", ".so")
 
 # types
 FileContent = str
@@ -95,6 +124,8 @@ class WriteBack(Enum):
 # Legacy name, left for integrations.
 FileMode = Mode
 
+DEFAULT_WORKERS = os.cpu_count()
+
 
 def read_pyproject_toml(
     ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: Optional[str]
@@ -114,7 +145,7 @@ def read_pyproject_toml(
     except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
         raise click.FileError(
             filename=value, hint=f"Error reading configuration file: {e}"
-        )
+        ) from None
 
     if not config:
         return None
@@ -168,14 +199,19 @@ def validate_regex(
     ctx: click.Context,
     param: click.Parameter,
     value: Optional[str],
-) -> Optional[Pattern]:
+) -> Optional[Pattern[str]]:
     try:
         return re_compile_maybe_verbose(value) if value is not None else None
-    except re.error:
-        raise click.BadParameter("Not a valid regular expression")
+    except re.error as e:
+        raise click.BadParameter(f"Not a valid regular expression: {e}") from None
 
 
-@click.command(context_settings=dict(help_option_names=["-h", "--help"]))
+@click.command(
+    context_settings={"help_option_names": ["-h", "--help"]},
+    # While Click does set this field automatically using the docstring, mypyc
+    # (annoyingly) strips 'em so we need to set it here too.
+    help="The uncompromising code formatter.",
+)
 @click.option("-c", "--code", type=str, help="Format the code passed in as a string.")
 @click.option(
     "-l",
@@ -212,6 +248,16 @@ def validate_regex(
         "(useful when piping source on standard input)."
     ),
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--python-cell-magics",
+    multiple=True,
+    help=(
+        "When processing Jupyter Notebooks, add the given magic to the list"
+        f" of known python-magics ({', '.join(PYTHON_CELL_MAGICS)})."
+        " Useful for formatting cells with custom python magics."
+    ),
+    default=[],
+)
 @click.option(
     "-S",
     "--skip-string-normalization",
@@ -228,9 +274,14 @@ def validate_regex(
     "--experimental-string-processing",
     is_flag=True,
     hidden=True,
+    help="(DEPRECATED and now included in --preview) Normalize string literals.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--preview",
+    is_flag=True,
     help=(
-        "Experimental option that performs more normalization on string literals."
-        " Currently disabled because it leads to some crashes."
+        "Enable potentially disruptive style changes that may be added to Black's main"
+        " functionality in the next major release."
     ),
 )
 @click.option(
@@ -262,7 +313,8 @@ def validate_regex(
     type=str,
     help=(
         "Require a specific version of Black to be running (useful for unifying results"
-        " across many environments e.g. with a pyproject.toml file)."
+        " across many environments e.g. with a pyproject.toml file). It can be"
+        " either a major version number or an exact version."
     ),
 )
 @click.option(
@@ -318,6 +370,14 @@ def validate_regex(
         "editors that rely on using stdin."
     ),
 )
+@click.option(
+    "-W",
+    "--workers",
+    type=click.IntRange(min=1),
+    default=DEFAULT_WORKERS,
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Number of parallel workers",
+)
 @click.option(
     "-q",
     "--quiet",
@@ -336,7 +396,13 @@ def validate_regex(
         " due to exclusion patterns."
     ),
 )
-@click.version_option(version=__version__)
+@click.version_option(
+    version=__version__,
+    message=(
+        f"%(prog)s, %(version)s (compiled: {'yes' if COMPILED else 'no'})\n"
+        f"Python ({platform.python_implementation()}) {platform.python_version()}"
+    ),
+)
 @click.argument(
     "src",
     nargs=-1,
@@ -361,7 +427,7 @@ def validate_regex(
     help="Read configuration from FILE path.",
 )
 @click.pass_context
-def main(
+def main(  # noqa: C901
     ctx: click.Context,
     code: Optional[str],
     line_length: int,
@@ -372,26 +438,83 @@ def main(
     fast: bool,
     pyi: bool,
     ipynb: bool,
+    python_cell_magics: Sequence[str],
     skip_string_normalization: bool,
     skip_magic_trailing_comma: bool,
     experimental_string_processing: bool,
+    preview: bool,
     quiet: bool,
     verbose: bool,
-    required_version: str,
-    include: Pattern,
-    exclude: Optional[Pattern],
-    extend_exclude: Optional[Pattern],
-    force_exclude: Optional[Pattern],
+    required_version: Optional[str],
+    include: Pattern[str],
+    exclude: Optional[Pattern[str]],
+    extend_exclude: Optional[Pattern[str]],
+    force_exclude: Optional[Pattern[str]],
     stdin_filename: Optional[str],
+    workers: int,
     src: Tuple[str, ...],
     config: Optional[str],
 ) -> None:
     """The uncompromising code formatter."""
-    if config and verbose:
-        out(f"Using configuration from {config}.", bold=False, fg="blue")
+    ctx.ensure_object(dict)
+
+    if src and code is not None:
+        out(
+            main.get_usage(ctx)
+            + "\n\n'SRC' and 'code' cannot be passed simultaneously."
+        )
+        ctx.exit(1)
+    if not src and code is None:
+        out(main.get_usage(ctx) + "\n\nOne of 'SRC' or 'code' is required.")
+        ctx.exit(1)
+
+    root, method = find_project_root(src) if code is None else (None, None)
+    ctx.obj["root"] = root
+
+    if verbose:
+        if root:
+            out(
+                f"Identified `{root}` as project root containing a {method}.",
+                fg="blue",
+            )
+
+            normalized = [
+                (normalize_path_maybe_ignore(Path(source), root), source)
+                for source in src
+            ]
+            srcs_string = ", ".join(
+                [
+                    f'"{_norm}"'
+                    if _norm
+                    else f'\033[31m"{source} (skipping - invalid)"\033[34m'
+                    for _norm, source in normalized
+                ]
+            )
+            out(f"Sources to be formatted: {srcs_string}", fg="blue")
+
+        if config:
+            config_source = ctx.get_parameter_source("config")
+            user_level_config = str(find_user_pyproject_toml())
+            if config == user_level_config:
+                out(
+                    "Using configuration from user-level config at "
+                    f"'{user_level_config}'.",
+                    fg="blue",
+                )
+            elif config_source in (
+                ParameterSource.DEFAULT,
+                ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP,
+            ):
+                out("Using configuration from project root.", fg="blue")
+            else:
+                out(f"Using configuration in '{config}'.", fg="blue")
 
     error_msg = "Oh no! 💥 💔 💥"
-    if required_version and required_version != __version__:
+    if (
+        required_version
+        and required_version != __version__
+        and required_version != __version__.split(".")[0]
+    ):
         err(
             f"{error_msg} The required version `{required_version}` does not match"
             f" the running version `{__version__}`!"
@@ -415,6 +538,8 @@ def main(
         string_normalization=not skip_string_normalization,
         magic_trailing_comma=not skip_magic_trailing_comma,
         experimental_string_processing=experimental_string_processing,
+        preview=preview,
+        python_cell_magics=set(python_cell_magics),
     )
 
     if code is not None:
@@ -468,9 +593,12 @@ def main(
                 write_back=write_back,
                 mode=mode,
                 report=report,
+                workers=workers,
             )
 
     if verbose or not quiet:
+        if code is None and (verbose or report.change_count or report.failure_count):
+            out()
         out(error_msg if report.return_code else "All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨")
         if code is None:
             click.echo(str(report), err=True)
@@ -491,14 +619,11 @@ def get_sources(
     stdin_filename: Optional[str],
 ) -> Set[Path]:
     """Compute the set of files to be formatted."""
-
-    root = find_project_root(src)
     sources: Set[Path] = set()
-    path_empty(src, "No Path provided. Nothing to do 😴", quiet, verbose, ctx)
 
     if exclude is None:
         exclude = re_compile_maybe_verbose(DEFAULT_EXCLUDES)
-        gitignore = get_gitignore(root)
+        gitignore = get_gitignore(ctx.obj["root"])
     else:
         gitignore = None
 
@@ -511,7 +636,7 @@ def get_sources(
             is_stdin = False
 
         if is_stdin or p.is_file():
-            normalized_path = normalize_path_maybe_ignore(p, root, report)
+            normalized_path = normalize_path_maybe_ignore(p, ctx.obj["root"], report)
             if normalized_path is None:
                 continue
 
@@ -538,7 +663,7 @@ def get_sources(
             sources.update(
                 gen_python_files(
                     p.iterdir(),
-                    root,
+                    ctx.obj["root"],
                     include,
                     exclude,
                     extend_exclude,
@@ -592,6 +717,9 @@ def reformat_code(
         report.failed(path, str(exc))
 
 
+# diff-shades depends on being to monkeypatch this function to operate. I know it's
+# not ideal, but this shouldn't cause any issues ... hopefully. ~ichard26
+@mypyc_attr(patchable=True)
 def reformat_one(
     src: Path, fast: bool, write_back: WriteBack, mode: Mode, report: "Report"
 ) -> None:
@@ -643,25 +771,37 @@ def reformat_one(
         report.failed(src, str(exc))
 
 
+# diff-shades depends on being to monkeypatch this function to operate. I know it's
+# not ideal, but this shouldn't cause any issues ... hopefully. ~ichard26
+@mypyc_attr(patchable=True)
 def reformat_many(
-    sources: Set[Path], fast: bool, write_back: WriteBack, mode: Mode, report: "Report"
+    sources: Set[Path],
+    fast: bool,
+    write_back: WriteBack,
+    mode: Mode,
+    report: "Report",
+    workers: Optional[int],
 ) -> None:
     """Reformat multiple files using a ProcessPoolExecutor."""
+    from concurrent.futures import Executor, ProcessPoolExecutor, ThreadPoolExecutor
+
     executor: Executor
-    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-    worker_count = os.cpu_count()
+    worker_count = workers if workers is not None else DEFAULT_WORKERS
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         # Work around https://bugs.python.org/issue26903
+        assert worker_count is not None
         worker_count = min(worker_count, 60)
     try:
         executor = ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=worker_count)
-    except (ImportError, OSError):
+    except (ImportError, NotImplementedError, OSError):
         # we arrive here if the underlying system does not support multi-processing
         # like in AWS Lambda or Termux, in which case we gracefully fallback to
         # a ThreadPoolExecutor with just a single worker (more workers would not do us
         # any good due to the Global Interpreter Lock)
         executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
 
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
     try:
         loop.run_until_complete(
             schedule_formatting(
@@ -675,7 +815,10 @@ def reformat_many(
             )
         )
     finally:
-        shutdown(loop)
+        try:
+            shutdown(loop)
+        finally:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
         if executor is not None:
             executor.shutdown()
 
@@ -687,7 +830,7 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
     mode: Mode,
     report: "Report",
     loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
-    executor: Executor,
+    executor: "Executor",
 ) -> None:
     """Run formatting of `sources` in parallel using the provided `executor`.
 
@@ -746,7 +889,10 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
                     sources_to_cache.append(src)
                 report.done(src, changed)
     if cancelled:
-        await asyncio.gather(*cancelled, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True)
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
+            await asyncio.gather(*cancelled, return_exceptions=True)
+        else:
+            await asyncio.gather(*cancelled, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True)
     if sources_to_cache:
         write_cache(cache, sources_to_cache, mode)
 
@@ -777,7 +923,9 @@ def format_file_in_place(
     except NothingChanged:
         return False
     except JSONDecodeError:
-        raise ValueError(f"File '{src}' cannot be parsed as valid Jupyter notebook.")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"File '{src}' cannot be parsed as valid Jupyter notebook."
+        ) from None
 
     if write_back == WriteBack.YES:
         with open(src, "w", encoding=encoding, newline=newline) as f:
@@ -869,17 +1017,7 @@ def check_stability_and_equivalence(
     content differently.
     """
     assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents)
-
-    # Forced second pass to work around optional trailing commas (becoming
-    # forced trailing commas on pass 2) interacting differently with optional
-    # parentheses.  Admittedly ugly.
-    dst_contents_pass2 = format_str(dst_contents, mode=mode)
-    if dst_contents != dst_contents_pass2:
-        dst_contents = dst_contents_pass2
-        assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents, pass_num=2)
-        assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, mode=mode)
-    # Note: no need to explicitly call `assert_stable` if `dst_contents` was
-    # the same as `dst_contents_pass2`.
+    assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, mode=mode)
 
 
 def format_file_contents(src_contents: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> FileContent:
@@ -905,8 +1043,10 @@ def format_file_contents(src_contents: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> FileCo
     return dst_contents
 
 
-def validate_cell(src: str) -> None:
-    """Check that cell does not already contain TransformerManager transformations.
+def validate_cell(src: str, mode: Mode) -> None:
+    """Check that cell does not already contain TransformerManager transformations,
+    or non-Python cell magics, which might cause tokenizer_rt to break because of
+    indentations.
 
     If a cell contains ``!ls``, then it'll be transformed to
     ``get_ipython().system('ls')``. However, if the cell originally contained
@@ -922,6 +1062,11 @@ def validate_cell(src: str) -> None:
     """
     if any(transformed_magic in src for transformed_magic in TRANSFORMED_MAGICS):
         raise NothingChanged
+    if (
+        src[:2] == "%%"
+        and src.split()[0][2:] not in PYTHON_CELL_MAGICS | mode.python_cell_magics
+    ):
+        raise NothingChanged
 
 
 def format_cell(src: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> str:
@@ -940,14 +1085,14 @@ def format_cell(src: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> str:
     could potentially be automagics or multi-line magics, which
     are currently not supported.
     """
-    validate_cell(src)
+    validate_cell(src, mode)
     src_without_trailing_semicolon, has_trailing_semicolon = remove_trailing_semicolon(
         src
     )
     try:
         masked_src, replacements = mask_cell(src_without_trailing_semicolon)
     except SyntaxError:
-        raise NothingChanged
+        raise NothingChanged from None
     masked_dst = format_str(masked_src, mode=mode)
     if not fast:
         check_stability_and_equivalence(masked_src, masked_dst, mode=mode)
@@ -957,7 +1102,7 @@ def format_cell(src: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> str:
     )
     dst = dst.rstrip("\n")
     if dst == src:
-        raise NothingChanged
+        raise NothingChanged from None
     return dst
 
 
@@ -970,14 +1115,14 @@ def validate_metadata(nb: MutableMapping[str, Any]) -> None:
     """
     language = nb.get("metadata", {}).get("language_info", {}).get("name", None)
     if language is not None and language != "python":
-        raise NothingChanged
+        raise NothingChanged from None
 
 
 def format_ipynb_string(src_contents: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> FileContent:
     """Format Jupyter notebook.
 
     Operate cell-by-cell, only on code cells, only for Python notebooks.
-    If the ``.ipynb`` originally had a trailing newline, it'll be preseved.
+    If the ``.ipynb`` originally had a trailing newline, it'll be preserved.
     """
     trailing_newline = src_contents[-1] == "\n"
     modified = False
@@ -1002,7 +1147,7 @@ def format_ipynb_string(src_contents: str, *, fast: bool, mode: Mode) -> FileCon
         raise NothingChanged
 
 
-def format_str(src_contents: str, *, mode: Mode) -> FileContent:
+def format_str(src_contents: str, *, mode: Mode) -> str:
     """Reformat a string and return new contents.
 
     `mode` determines formatting options, such as how many characters per line are
@@ -1032,19 +1177,26 @@ def format_str(src_contents: str, *, mode: Mode) -> FileContent:
         hey
 
     """
+    dst_contents = _format_str_once(src_contents, mode=mode)
+    # Forced second pass to work around optional trailing commas (becoming
+    # forced trailing commas on pass 2) interacting differently with optional
+    # parentheses.  Admittedly ugly.
+    if src_contents != dst_contents:
+        return _format_str_once(dst_contents, mode=mode)
+    return dst_contents
+
+
+def _format_str_once(src_contents: str, *, mode: Mode) -> str:
     src_node = lib2to3_parse(src_contents.lstrip(), mode.target_versions)
     dst_contents = []
-    future_imports = get_future_imports(src_node)
     if mode.target_versions:
         versions = mode.target_versions
     else:
-        versions = detect_target_versions(src_node)
-    normalize_fmt_off(src_node)
-    lines = LineGenerator(
-        mode=mode,
-        remove_u_prefix="unicode_literals" in future_imports
-        or supports_feature(versions, Feature.UNICODE_LITERALS),
-    )
+        future_imports = get_future_imports(src_node)
+        versions = detect_target_versions(src_node, future_imports=future_imports)
+
+    normalize_fmt_off(src_node, preview=mode.preview)
+    lines = LineGenerator(mode=mode)
     elt = EmptyLineTracker(is_pyi=mode.is_pyi)
     empty_line = Line(mode=mode)
     after = 0
@@ -1081,7 +1233,9 @@ def decode_bytes(src: bytes) -> Tuple[FileContent, Encoding, NewLine]:
         return tiow.read(), encoding, newline
 
 
-def get_features_used(node: Node) -> Set[Feature]:
+def get_features_used(  # noqa: C901
+    node: Node, *, future_imports: Optional[Set[str]] = None
+) -> Set[Feature]:
     """Return a set of (relatively) new Python features used in this file.
 
     Currently looking for:
@@ -1091,20 +1245,33 @@ def get_features_used(node: Node) -> Set[Feature]:
     - positional only arguments in function signatures and lambdas;
     - assignment expression;
     - relaxed decorator syntax;
+    - usage of __future__ flags (annotations);
+    - print / exec statements;
     """
     features: Set[Feature] = set()
+    if future_imports:
+        features |= {
+            FUTURE_FLAG_TO_FEATURE[future_import]
+            for future_import in future_imports
+            if future_import in FUTURE_FLAG_TO_FEATURE
+        }
+
     for n in node.pre_order():
-        if n.type == token.STRING:
-            value_head = n.value[:2]  # type: ignore
+        if is_string_token(n):
+            value_head = n.value[:2]
             if value_head in {'f"', 'F"', "f'", "F'", "rf", "fr", "RF", "FR"}:
                 features.add(Feature.F_STRINGS)
 
-        elif n.type == token.NUMBER:
-            if "_" in n.value:  # type: ignore
+        elif is_number_token(n):
+            if "_" in n.value:
                 features.add(Feature.NUMERIC_UNDERSCORES)
 
         elif n.type == token.SLASH:
-            if n.parent and n.parent.type in {syms.typedargslist, syms.arglist}:
+            if n.parent and n.parent.type in {
+                syms.typedargslist,
+                syms.arglist,
+                syms.varargslist,
+            }:
                 features.add(Feature.POS_ONLY_ARGUMENTS)
 
         elif n.type == token.COLONEQUAL:
@@ -1135,12 +1302,48 @@ def get_features_used(node: Node) -> Set[Feature]:
                         if argch.type in STARS:
                             features.add(feature)
 
+        elif (
+            n.type in {syms.return_stmt, syms.yield_expr}
+            and len(n.children) >= 2
+            and n.children[1].type == syms.testlist_star_expr
+            and any(child.type == syms.star_expr for child in n.children[1].children)
+        ):
+            features.add(Feature.UNPACKING_ON_FLOW)
+
+        elif (
+            n.type == syms.annassign
+            and len(n.children) >= 4
+            and n.children[3].type == syms.testlist_star_expr
+        ):
+            features.add(Feature.ANN_ASSIGN_EXTENDED_RHS)
+
+        elif (
+            n.type == syms.except_clause
+            and len(n.children) >= 2
+            and n.children[1].type == token.STAR
+        ):
+            features.add(Feature.EXCEPT_STAR)
+
+        elif n.type in {syms.subscriptlist, syms.trailer} and any(
+            child.type == syms.star_expr for child in n.children
+        ):
+            features.add(Feature.VARIADIC_GENERICS)
+
+        elif (
+            n.type == syms.tname_star
+            and len(n.children) == 3
+            and n.children[2].type == syms.star_expr
+        ):
+            features.add(Feature.VARIADIC_GENERICS)
+
     return features
 
 
-def detect_target_versions(node: Node) -> Set[TargetVersion]:
+def detect_target_versions(
+    node: Node, *, future_imports: Optional[Set[str]] = None
+) -> Set[TargetVersion]:
     """Detect the version to target based on the nodes used."""
-    features = get_features_used(node)
+    features = get_features_used(node, future_imports=future_imports)
     return {
         version for version in TargetVersion if features <= VERSION_TO_FEATURES[version]
     }
@@ -1196,22 +1399,24 @@ def get_future_imports(node: Node) -> Set[str]:
     return imports
 
 
-def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str, *, pass_num: int = 1) -> None:
+def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
     """Raise AssertionError if `src` and `dst` aren't equivalent."""
     try:
         src_ast = parse_ast(src)
     except Exception as exc:
         raise AssertionError(
-            "cannot use --safe with this file; failed to parse source file.  AST"
-            f" error message: {exc}"
-        )
+            "cannot use --safe with this file; failed to parse source file AST: "
+            f"{exc}\n"
+            "This could be caused by running Black with an older Python version "
+            "that does not support new syntax used in your source file."
+        ) from exc
 
     try:
         dst_ast = parse_ast(dst)
     except Exception as exc:
         log = dump_to_file("".join(traceback.format_tb(exc.__traceback__)), dst)
         raise AssertionError(
-            f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced invalid code on pass {pass_num}: {exc}. "
+            f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced invalid code: {exc}. "
             "Please report a bug on https://github.com/psf/black/issues.  "
             f"This invalid output might be helpful: {log}"
         ) from None
@@ -1222,14 +1427,17 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str, *, pass_num: int = 1) -> None:
         log = dump_to_file(diff(src_ast_str, dst_ast_str, "src", "dst"))
         raise AssertionError(
             "INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced code that is not equivalent to the"
-            f" source on pass {pass_num}.  Please report a bug on "
+            " source.  Please report a bug on "
             f"https://github.com/psf/black/issues.  This diff might be helpful: {log}"
         ) from None
 
 
 def assert_stable(src: str, dst: str, mode: Mode) -> None:
     """Raise AssertionError if `dst` reformats differently the second time."""
-    newdst = format_str(dst, mode=mode)
+    # We shouldn't call format_str() here, because that formats the string
+    # twice and may hide a bug where we bounce back and forth between two
+    # versions.
+    newdst = _format_str_once(dst, mode=mode)
     if dst != newdst:
         log = dump_to_file(
             str(mode),
@@ -1263,13 +1471,23 @@ def patch_click() -> None:
     file paths is minimal since it's Python source code.  Moreover, this crash was
     spurious on Python 3.7 thanks to PEP 538 and PEP 540.
     """
+    modules: List[Any] = []
     try:
         from click import core
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        modules.append(core)
+    try:
+        # Removed in Click 8.1.0 and newer; we keep this around for users who have
+        # older versions installed.
         from click import _unicodefun  # type: ignore
-    except ModuleNotFoundError:
-        return
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        modules.append(_unicodefun)
 
-    for module in (core, _unicodefun):
+    for module in modules:
         if hasattr(module, "_verify_python3_env"):
             module._verify_python3_env = lambda: None  # type: ignore
         if hasattr(module, "_verify_python_env"):