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Make source handling use sets instead of lists
[etc/vim.git] / black.py
index f335ebd828402c6167719bf23d673aa99cb15ddf..7df98b79cf3440979d64f9e1221d060ed0314611 100644 (file)
--- a/black.py
+++ b/black.py
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ import asyncio
 import pickle
 from asyncio.base_events import BaseEventLoop
 from concurrent.futures import Executor, ProcessPoolExecutor
-from enum import Enum
+from enum import Enum, Flag
 from functools import partial, wraps
+import io
 import keyword
 import logging
 from multiprocessing import Manager
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ from typing import (
     Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
+    cast,
 )
 
 from appdirs import user_cache_dir
@@ -43,11 +45,16 @@ from blib2to3.pgen2 import driver, token
 from blib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError
 
 
-__version__ = "18.4a6"
+__version__ = "18.5b1"
 DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 88
+DEFAULT_EXCLUDES = (
+    r"/(\.git|\.hg|\.mypy_cache|\.tox|\.venv|_build|buck-out|build|dist)/"
+)
+DEFAULT_INCLUDES = r"\.pyi?$"
+CACHE_DIR = Path(user_cache_dir("black", version=__version__))
+
 
 # types
-syms = pygram.python_symbols
 FileContent = str
 Encoding = str
 Depth = int
@@ -64,6 +71,9 @@ Cache = Dict[Path, CacheInfo]
 out = partial(click.secho, bold=True, err=True)
 err = partial(click.secho, fg="red", err=True)
 
+pygram.initialize(CACHE_DIR)
+syms = pygram.python_symbols
+
 
 class NothingChanged(UserWarning):
     """Raised by :func:`format_file` when reformatted code is the same as source."""
@@ -110,6 +120,13 @@ class WriteBack(Enum):
     YES = 1
     DIFF = 2
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_configuration(cls, *, check: bool, diff: bool) -> "WriteBack":
+        if check and not diff:
+            return cls.NO
+
+        return cls.DIFF if diff else cls.YES
+
 
 class Changed(Enum):
     NO = 0
@@ -117,6 +134,26 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     YES = 2
 
 
+class FileMode(Flag):
+    AUTO_DETECT = 0
+    PYTHON36 = 1
+    PYI = 2
+    NO_STRING_NORMALIZATION = 4
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_configuration(
+        cls, *, py36: bool, pyi: bool, skip_string_normalization: bool
+    ) -> "FileMode":
+        mode = cls.AUTO_DETECT
+        if py36:
+            mode |= cls.PYTHON36
+        if pyi:
+            mode |= cls.PYI
+        if skip_string_normalization:
+            mode |= cls.NO_STRING_NORMALIZATION
+        return mode
+
+
 @click.command()
 @click.option(
     "-l",
@@ -126,6 +163,29 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     help="How many character per line to allow.",
     show_default=True,
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--py36",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all input files.  This will put "
+        "trailing commas in function signatures and calls also after *args and "
+        "**kwargs.  [default: per-file auto-detection]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--pyi",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Format all input files like typing stubs regardless of file extension "
+        "(useful when piping source on standard input)."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "-S",
+    "--skip-string-normalization",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help="Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes.",
+)
 @click.option(
     "--check",
     is_flag=True,
@@ -145,6 +205,31 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     is_flag=True,
     help="If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks. [default: --safe]",
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--include",
+    type=str,
+    default=DEFAULT_INCLUDES,
+    help=(
+        "A regular expression that matches files and directories that should be "
+        "included on recursive searches.  An empty value means all files are "
+        "included regardless of the name.  Use forward slashes for directories on "
+        "all platforms (Windows, too).  Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions "
+        "later."
+    ),
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--exclude",
+    type=str,
+    default=DEFAULT_EXCLUDES,
+    help=(
+        "A regular expression that matches files and directories that should be "
+        "excluded on recursive searches.  An empty value means no paths are excluded. "
+        "Use forward slashes for directories on all platforms (Windows, too).  "
+        "Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions later."
+    ),
+    show_default=True,
+)
 @click.option(
     "-q",
     "--quiet",
@@ -154,6 +239,15 @@ class Changed(Enum):
         "silence those with 2>/dev/null."
     ),
 )
+@click.option(
+    "-v",
+    "--verbose",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Also emit messages to stderr about files that were not changed or were "
+        "ignored due to --exclude=."
+    ),
+)
 @click.version_option(version=__version__)
 @click.argument(
     "src",
@@ -169,92 +263,132 @@ def main(
     check: bool,
     diff: bool,
     fast: bool,
+    pyi: bool,
+    py36: bool,
+    skip_string_normalization: bool,
     quiet: bool,
+    verbose: bool,
+    include: str,
+    exclude: str,
     src: List[str],
 ) -> None:
     """The uncompromising code formatter."""
-    sources: List[Path] = []
+    write_back = WriteBack.from_configuration(check=check, diff=diff)
+    mode = FileMode.from_configuration(
+        py36=py36, pyi=pyi, skip_string_normalization=skip_string_normalization
+    )
+    report = Report(check=check, quiet=quiet, verbose=verbose)
+    sources: Set[Path] = set()
+    try:
+        include_regex = re.compile(include)
+    except re.error:
+        err(f"Invalid regular expression for include given: {include!r}")
+        ctx.exit(2)
+    try:
+        exclude_regex = re.compile(exclude)
+    except re.error:
+        err(f"Invalid regular expression for exclude given: {exclude!r}")
+        ctx.exit(2)
+    root = find_project_root(src)
     for s in src:
         p = Path(s)
         if p.is_dir():
-            sources.extend(gen_python_files_in_dir(p))
-        elif p.is_file():
+            sources.update(
+                gen_python_files_in_dir(p, root, include_regex, exclude_regex, report)
+            )
+        elif p.is_file() or s == "-":
             # if a file was explicitly given, we don't care about its extension
-            sources.append(p)
-        elif s == "-":
-            sources.append(Path("-"))
+            sources.add(p)
         else:
             err(f"invalid path: {s}")
-
-    if check and not diff:
-        write_back = WriteBack.NO
-    elif diff:
-        write_back = WriteBack.DIFF
-    else:
-        write_back = WriteBack.YES
-    report = Report(check=check, quiet=quiet)
     if len(sources) == 0:
-        out("No paths given. Nothing to do 😴")
+        if verbose or not quiet:
+            out("No paths given. Nothing to do 😴")
         ctx.exit(0)
         return
 
     elif len(sources) == 1:
-        reformat_one(sources[0], line_length, fast, write_back, report)
+        reformat_one(
+            src=sources.pop(),
+            line_length=line_length,
+            fast=fast,
+            write_back=write_back,
+            mode=mode,
+            report=report,
+        )
     else:
         loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
         executor = ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=os.cpu_count())
         try:
             loop.run_until_complete(
                 schedule_formatting(
-                    sources, line_length, fast, write_back, report, loop, executor
+                    sources=sources,
+                    line_length=line_length,
+                    fast=fast,
+                    write_back=write_back,
+                    mode=mode,
+                    report=report,
+                    loop=loop,
+                    executor=executor,
                 )
             )
         finally:
             shutdown(loop)
-        if not quiet:
+        if verbose or not quiet:
             out("All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨")
             click.echo(str(report))
     ctx.exit(report.return_code)
 
 
 def reformat_one(
-    src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: WriteBack, report: "Report"
+    src: Path,
+    line_length: int,
+    fast: bool,
+    write_back: WriteBack,
+    mode: FileMode,
+    report: "Report",
 ) -> None:
     """Reformat a single file under `src` without spawning child processes.
 
     If `quiet` is True, non-error messages are not output. `line_length`,
-    `write_back`, and `fast` options are passed to :func:`format_file_in_place`.
+    `write_back`, `fast` and `pyi` options are passed to
+    :func:`format_file_in_place` or :func:`format_stdin_to_stdout`.
     """
     try:
         changed = Changed.NO
         if not src.is_file() and str(src) == "-":
             if format_stdin_to_stdout(
-                line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=write_back
+                line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=write_back, mode=mode
             ):
                 changed = Changed.YES
         else:
             cache: Cache = {}
             if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF:
-                cache = read_cache(line_length)
-                src = src.resolve()
-                if src in cache and cache[src] == get_cache_info(src):
+                cache = read_cache(line_length, mode)
+                res_src = src.resolve()
+                if res_src in cache and cache[res_src] == get_cache_info(res_src):
                     changed = Changed.CACHED
             if changed is not Changed.CACHED and format_file_in_place(
-                src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=write_back
+                src,
+                line_length=line_length,
+                fast=fast,
+                write_back=write_back,
+                mode=mode,
             ):
                 changed = Changed.YES
             if write_back == WriteBack.YES and changed is not Changed.NO:
-                write_cache(cache, [src], line_length)
+                write_cache(cache, [src], line_length, mode)
         report.done(src, changed)
     except Exception as exc:
         report.failed(src, str(exc))
 
 
 async def schedule_formatting(
-    sources: List[Path],
+    sources: Set[Path],
     line_length: int,
     fast: bool,
     write_back: WriteBack,
+    mode: FileMode,
     report: "Report",
     loop: BaseEventLoop,
     executor: Executor,
@@ -263,14 +397,14 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
 
     (Use ProcessPoolExecutors for actual parallelism.)
 
-    `line_length`, `write_back`, and `fast` options are passed to
+    `line_length`, `write_back`, `fast`, and `pyi` options are passed to
     :func:`format_file_in_place`.
     """
     cache: Cache = {}
     if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF:
-        cache = read_cache(line_length)
+        cache = read_cache(line_length, mode)
         sources, cached = filter_cached(cache, sources)
-        for src in cached:
+        for src in sorted(cached):
             report.done(src, Changed.CACHED)
     cancelled = []
     formatted = []
@@ -283,7 +417,14 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
             lock = manager.Lock()
         tasks = {
             loop.run_in_executor(
-                executor, format_file_in_place, src, line_length, fast, write_back, lock
+                executor,
+                format_file_in_place,
+                src,
+                line_length,
+                fast,
+                write_back,
+                mode,
+                lock,
             ): src
             for src in sorted(sources)
         }
@@ -308,7 +449,7 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
     if cancelled:
         await asyncio.gather(*cancelled, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True)
     if write_back == WriteBack.YES and formatted:
-        write_cache(cache, formatted, line_length)
+        write_cache(cache, formatted, line_length, mode)
 
 
 def format_file_in_place(
@@ -316,6 +457,7 @@ def format_file_in_place(
     line_length: int,
     fast: bool,
     write_back: WriteBack = WriteBack.NO,
+    mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT,
     lock: Any = None,  # multiprocessing.Manager().Lock() is some crazy proxy
 ) -> bool:
     """Format file under `src` path. Return True if changed.
@@ -323,19 +465,20 @@ def format_file_in_place(
     If `write_back` is True, write reformatted code back to stdout.
     `line_length` and `fast` options are passed to :func:`format_file_contents`.
     """
-    is_pyi = src.suffix == ".pyi"
+    if src.suffix == ".pyi":
+        mode |= FileMode.PYI
 
-    with tokenize.open(src) as src_buffer:
-        src_contents = src_buffer.read()
+    with open(src, "rb") as buf:
+        newline, encoding, src_contents = prepare_input(buf.read())
     try:
         dst_contents = format_file_contents(
-            src_contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, is_pyi=is_pyi
+            src_contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, mode=mode
         )
     except NothingChanged:
         return False
 
     if write_back == write_back.YES:
-        with open(src, "w", encoding=src_buffer.encoding) as f:
+        with open(src, "w", encoding=encoding, newline=newline) as f:
             f.write(dst_contents)
     elif write_back == write_back.DIFF:
         src_name = f"{src}  (original)"
@@ -344,7 +487,14 @@ def format_file_in_place(
         if lock:
             lock.acquire()
         try:
-            sys.stdout.write(diff_contents)
+            f = io.TextIOWrapper(
+                sys.stdout.buffer,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                newline=newline,
+                write_through=True,
+            )
+            f.write(diff_contents)
+            f.detach()
         finally:
             if lock:
                 lock.release()
@@ -352,17 +502,21 @@ def format_file_in_place(
 
 
 def format_stdin_to_stdout(
-    line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: WriteBack = WriteBack.NO
+    line_length: int,
+    fast: bool,
+    write_back: WriteBack = WriteBack.NO,
+    mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT,
 ) -> bool:
     """Format file on stdin. Return True if changed.
 
     If `write_back` is True, write reformatted code back to stdout.
-    `line_length` and `fast` arguments are passed to :func:`format_file_contents`.
+    `line_length`, `fast`, `is_pyi`, and `force_py36` arguments are passed to
+    :func:`format_file_contents`.
     """
-    src = sys.stdin.read()
+    newline, encoding, src = prepare_input(sys.stdin.buffer.read())
     dst = src
     try:
-        dst = format_file_contents(src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+        dst = format_file_contents(src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, mode=mode)
         return True
 
     except NothingChanged:
@@ -370,15 +524,33 @@ def format_stdin_to_stdout(
 
     finally:
         if write_back == WriteBack.YES:
-            sys.stdout.write(dst)
+            f = io.TextIOWrapper(
+                sys.stdout.buffer,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                newline=newline,
+                write_through=True,
+            )
+            f.write(dst)
+            f.detach()
         elif write_back == WriteBack.DIFF:
             src_name = "<stdin>  (original)"
             dst_name = "<stdin>  (formatted)"
-            sys.stdout.write(diff(src, dst, src_name, dst_name))
+            f = io.TextIOWrapper(
+                sys.stdout.buffer,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                newline=newline,
+                write_through=True,
+            )
+            f.write(diff(src, dst, src_name, dst_name))
+            f.detach()
 
 
 def format_file_contents(
-    src_contents: str, *, line_length: int, fast: bool, is_pyi: bool = False
+    src_contents: str,
+    *,
+    line_length: int,
+    fast: bool,
+    mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT,
 ) -> FileContent:
     """Reformat contents a file and return new contents.
 
@@ -389,20 +561,18 @@ def format_file_contents(
     if src_contents.strip() == "":
         raise NothingChanged
 
-    dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length, is_pyi=is_pyi)
+    dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length, mode=mode)
     if src_contents == dst_contents:
         raise NothingChanged
 
     if not fast:
         assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents)
-        assert_stable(
-            src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length, is_pyi=is_pyi
-        )
+        assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length, mode=mode)
     return dst_contents
 
 
 def format_str(
-    src_contents: str, line_length: int, *, is_pyi: bool = False
+    src_contents: str, line_length: int, *, mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT
 ) -> FileContent:
     """Reformat a string and return new contents.
 
@@ -411,11 +581,15 @@ def format_str(
     src_node = lib2to3_parse(src_contents)
     dst_contents = ""
     future_imports = get_future_imports(src_node)
-    elt = EmptyLineTracker(is_pyi=is_pyi)
-    py36 = is_python36(src_node)
+    is_pyi = bool(mode & FileMode.PYI)
+    py36 = bool(mode & FileMode.PYTHON36) or is_python36(src_node)
+    normalize_strings = not bool(mode & FileMode.NO_STRING_NORMALIZATION)
     lines = LineGenerator(
-        remove_u_prefix=py36 or "unicode_literals" in future_imports, is_pyi=is_pyi
+        remove_u_prefix=py36 or "unicode_literals" in future_imports,
+        is_pyi=is_pyi,
+        normalize_strings=normalize_strings,
     )
+    elt = EmptyLineTracker(is_pyi=is_pyi)
     empty_line = Line()
     after = 0
     for current_line in lines.visit(src_node):
@@ -429,6 +603,19 @@ def format_str(
     return dst_contents
 
 
+def prepare_input(src: bytes) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """Analyze `src` and return a tuple of (newline, encoding, decoded_contents)
+
+    Where `newline` is either CRLF or LF, and `decoded_contents` is decoded with
+    universal newlines (i.e. only LF).
+    """
+    srcbuf = io.BytesIO(src)
+    encoding, lines = tokenize.detect_encoding(srcbuf.readline)
+    newline = "\r\n" if b"\r\n" == lines[0][-2:] else "\n"
+    srcbuf.seek(0)
+    return newline, encoding, io.TextIOWrapper(srcbuf, encoding).read()
+
+
 GRAMMARS = [
     pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement_no_exec_statement,
     pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement,
@@ -440,8 +627,7 @@ def lib2to3_parse(src_txt: str) -> Node:
     """Given a string with source, return the lib2to3 Node."""
     grammar = pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement
     if src_txt[-1] != "\n":
-        nl = "\r\n" if "\r\n" in src_txt[:1024] else "\n"
-        src_txt += nl
+        src_txt += "\n"
     for grammar in GRAMMARS:
         drv = driver.Driver(grammar, pytree.convert)
         try:
@@ -626,21 +812,22 @@ LOGIC_PRIORITY = 14
 STRING_PRIORITY = 12
 COMPARATOR_PRIORITY = 10
 MATH_PRIORITIES = {
-    token.VBAR: 8,
-    token.CIRCUMFLEX: 7,
-    token.AMPER: 6,
-    token.LEFTSHIFT: 5,
-    token.RIGHTSHIFT: 5,
-    token.PLUS: 4,
-    token.MINUS: 4,
-    token.STAR: 3,
-    token.SLASH: 3,
-    token.DOUBLESLASH: 3,
-    token.PERCENT: 3,
-    token.AT: 3,
-    token.TILDE: 2,
-    token.DOUBLESTAR: 1,
+    token.VBAR: 9,
+    token.CIRCUMFLEX: 8,
+    token.AMPER: 7,
+    token.LEFTSHIFT: 6,
+    token.RIGHTSHIFT: 6,
+    token.PLUS: 5,
+    token.MINUS: 5,
+    token.STAR: 4,
+    token.SLASH: 4,
+    token.DOUBLESLASH: 4,
+    token.PERCENT: 4,
+    token.AT: 4,
+    token.TILDE: 3,
+    token.DOUBLESTAR: 2,
 }
+DOT_PRIORITY = 1
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -775,6 +962,7 @@ class Line:
     comments: List[Tuple[Index, Leaf]] = Factory(list)
     bracket_tracker: BracketTracker = Factory(BracketTracker)
     inside_brackets: bool = False
+    should_explode: bool = False
 
     def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
         """Add a new `leaf` to the end of the line.
@@ -871,27 +1059,6 @@ class Line:
             and second_leaf.value == "def"
         )
 
-    @property
-    def is_flow_control(self) -> bool:
-        """Is this line a flow control statement?
-
-        Those are `return`, `raise`, `break`, and `continue`.
-        """
-        return (
-            bool(self)
-            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
-            and self.leaves[0].value in FLOW_CONTROL
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def is_yield(self) -> bool:
-        """Is this line a yield statement?"""
-        return (
-            bool(self)
-            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
-            and self.leaves[0].value == "yield"
-        )
-
     @property
     def is_class_paren_empty(self) -> bool:
         """Is this a class with no base classes but using parentheses?
@@ -908,6 +1075,15 @@ class Line:
             and self.leaves[3].value == ")"
         )
 
+    @property
+    def is_triple_quoted_string(self) -> bool:
+        """Is the line a triple quoted string?"""
+        return (
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.STRING
+            and self.leaves[0].value.startswith(('"""', "'''"))
+        )
+
     def contains_standalone_comments(self, depth_limit: int = sys.maxsize) -> bool:
         """If so, needs to be split before emitting."""
         for leaf in self.leaves:
@@ -1115,6 +1291,7 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
     the prefix of the first leaf consists of optional newlines.  Those newlines
     are consumed by `maybe_empty_lines()` and included in the computation.
     """
+
     is_pyi: bool = False
     previous_line: Optional[Line] = None
     previous_after: int = 0
@@ -1124,8 +1301,7 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
         """Return the number of extra empty lines before and after the `current_line`.
 
         This is for separating `def`, `async def` and `class` with extra empty
-        lines (two on module-level), as well as providing an extra empty line
-        after flow control keywords to make them more prominent.
+        lines (two on module-level).
         """
         if isinstance(current_line, UnformattedLines):
             return 0, 0
@@ -1166,6 +1342,11 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
             if self.previous_line.is_decorator:
                 return 0, 0
 
+            if self.previous_line.depth < current_line.depth and (
+                self.previous_line.is_class or self.previous_line.is_def
+            ):
+                return 0, 0
+
             if (
                 self.previous_line.is_comment
                 and self.previous_line.depth == current_line.depth
@@ -1197,6 +1378,13 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
+        if (
+            self.previous_line
+            and self.previous_line.is_class
+            and current_line.is_triple_quoted_string
+        ):
+            return before, 1
+
         return before, 0
 
 
@@ -1207,7 +1395,9 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     Note: destroys the tree it's visiting by mutating prefixes of its leaves
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """
+
     is_pyi: bool = False
+    normalize_strings: bool = True
     current_line: Line = Factory(Line)
     remove_u_prefix: bool = False
 
@@ -1276,7 +1466,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
 
             else:
                 normalize_prefix(node, inside_brackets=any_open_brackets)
-                if node.type == token.STRING:
+                if self.normalize_strings and node.type == token.STRING:
                     normalize_string_prefix(node, remove_u_prefix=self.remove_u_prefix)
                     normalize_string_quotes(node)
                 if node.type not in WHITESPACE:
@@ -1314,7 +1504,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         The relevant Python language `keywords` for a given statement will be
         NAME leaves within it. This methods puts those on a separate line.
 
-        `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immeditely after which
+        `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immediately after which
         invisible parens should be put.
         """
         normalize_invisible_parens(node, parens_after=parens)
@@ -1368,32 +1558,6 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
             yield from self.line()
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
-    def visit_import_from(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
-        """Visit import_from and maybe put invisible parentheses.
-
-        This is separate from `visit_stmt` because import statements don't
-        support arbitrary atoms and thus handling of parentheses is custom.
-        """
-        check_lpar = False
-        for index, child in enumerate(node.children):
-            if check_lpar:
-                if child.type == token.LPAR:
-                    # make parentheses invisible
-                    child.value = ""  # type: ignore
-                    node.children[-1].value = ""  # type: ignore
-                else:
-                    # insert invisible parentheses
-                    node.insert_child(index, Leaf(token.LPAR, ""))
-                    node.append_child(Leaf(token.RPAR, ""))
-                break
-
-            check_lpar = (
-                child.type == token.NAME and child.value == "import"  # type: ignore
-            )
-
-        for child in node.children:
-            yield from self.visit(child)
-
     def visit_SEMI(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Remove a semicolon and put the other statement on a separate line."""
         yield from self.line()
@@ -1440,6 +1604,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         self.visit_classdef = partial(v, keywords={"class"}, parens=Ø)
         self.visit_expr_stmt = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens=ASSIGNMENTS)
         self.visit_return_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"return"}, parens={"return"})
+        self.visit_import_from = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens={"import"})
         self.visit_async_funcdef = self.visit_async_stmt
         self.visit_decorated = self.visit_decorators
 
@@ -1472,7 +1637,9 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str:  # noqa C901
 
     assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}"
     if t == token.COLON and p.type not in {
-        syms.subscript, syms.subscriptlist, syms.sliceop
+        syms.subscript,
+        syms.subscriptlist,
+        syms.sliceop,
     }:
         return NO
 
@@ -1494,7 +1661,10 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str:  # noqa C901
         if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:
             if prevp.parent:
                 if prevp.parent.type in {
-                    syms.arglist, syms.argument, syms.parameters, syms.varargslist
+                    syms.arglist,
+                    syms.argument,
+                    syms.parameters,
+                    syms.varargslist,
                 }:
                     return NO
 
@@ -1648,7 +1818,8 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str:  # noqa C901
             prevp_parent = prevp.parent
             assert prevp_parent is not None
             if prevp.type == token.COLON and prevp_parent.type in {
-                syms.subscript, syms.sliceop
+                syms.subscript,
+                syms.sliceop,
             }:
                 return NO
 
@@ -1729,6 +1900,14 @@ def is_split_before_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int:
         # Don't treat them as a delimiter.
         return 0
 
+    if (
+        leaf.type == token.DOT
+        and leaf.parent
+        and leaf.parent.type not in {syms.import_from, syms.dotted_name}
+        and (previous is None or previous.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS)
+    ):
+        return DOT_PRIORITY
+
     if (
         leaf.type in MATH_OPERATORS
         and leaf.parent
@@ -1746,37 +1925,60 @@ def is_split_before_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int:
     ):
         return STRING_PRIORITY
 
+    if leaf.type != token.NAME:
+        return 0
+
     if (
-        leaf.type == token.NAME
-        and leaf.value == "for"
+        leaf.value == "for"
         and leaf.parent
         and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_for, syms.old_comp_for}
     ):
         return COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
 
     if (
-        leaf.type == token.NAME
-        and leaf.value == "if"
+        leaf.value == "if"
         and leaf.parent
         and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_if, syms.old_comp_if}
     ):
         return COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
 
+    if leaf.value in {"if", "else"} and leaf.parent and leaf.parent.type == syms.test:
+        return TERNARY_PRIORITY
+
+    if leaf.value == "is":
+        return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY
+
     if (
-        leaf.type == token.NAME
-        and leaf.value in {"if", "else"}
+        leaf.value == "in"
         and leaf.parent
-        and leaf.parent.type == syms.test
+        and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_op, syms.comparison}
+        and not (
+            previous is not None
+            and previous.type == token.NAME
+            and previous.value == "not"
+        )
     ):
-        return TERNARY_PRIORITY
+        return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY
 
-    if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS and leaf.parent:
+    if (
+        leaf.value == "not"
+        and leaf.parent
+        and leaf.parent.type == syms.comp_op
+        and not (
+            previous is not None
+            and previous.type == token.NAME
+            and previous.value == "is"
+        )
+    ):
+        return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY
+
+    if leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS and leaf.parent:
         return LOGIC_PRIORITY
 
     return 0
 
 
-def generate_comments(leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Leaf]:
+def generate_comments(leaf: LN) -> Iterator[Leaf]:
     """Clean the prefix of the `leaf` and generate comments from it, if any.
 
     Comments in lib2to3 are shoved into the whitespace prefix.  This happens
@@ -1870,25 +2072,27 @@ def split_line(
         return
 
     line_str = str(line).strip("\n")
-    if is_line_short_enough(line, line_length=line_length, line_str=line_str):
+    if not line.should_explode and is_line_short_enough(
+        line, line_length=line_length, line_str=line_str
+    ):
         yield line
         return
 
     split_funcs: List[SplitFunc]
     if line.is_def:
         split_funcs = [left_hand_split]
-    elif line.is_import:
-        split_funcs = [explode_split]
     else:
 
         def rhs(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
             for omit in generate_trailers_to_omit(line, line_length):
-                lines = list(right_hand_split(line, py36, omit=omit))
+                lines = list(right_hand_split(line, line_length, py36, omit=omit))
                 if is_line_short_enough(lines[0], line_length=line_length):
                     yield from lines
                     return
 
             # All splits failed, best effort split with no omits.
+            # This mostly happens to multiline strings that are by definition
+            # reported as not fitting a single line.
             yield from right_hand_split(line, py36)
 
         if line.inside_brackets:
@@ -1962,7 +2166,7 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
 
 
 def right_hand_split(
-    line: Line, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = ()
+    line: Line, line_length: int, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = ()
 ) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair.
 
@@ -2024,23 +2228,16 @@ def right_hand_split(
         and not line.is_import
     ):
         omit = {id(closing_bracket), *omit}
-        delimiter_count = body.bracket_tracker.delimiter_count_with_priority()
-        if (
-            delimiter_count == 0
-            or delimiter_count == 1
-            and (
-                body.leaves[0].type in OPENING_BRACKETS
-                or body.leaves[-1].type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
-            )
-        ):
+        if can_omit_invisible_parens(body, line_length):
             try:
-                yield from right_hand_split(line, py36=py36, omit=omit)
+                yield from right_hand_split(line, line_length, py36=py36, omit=omit)
                 return
             except CannotSplit:
                 pass
 
     ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
     ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
+    body.should_explode = should_explode(body, opening_bracket)
     for result in (head, body, tail):
         if result:
             yield result
@@ -2105,6 +2302,10 @@ def delimiter_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
     except ValueError:
         raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found")
 
+    if delimiter_priority == DOT_PRIORITY:
+        if bt.delimiter_count_with_priority(delimiter_priority) == 1:
+            raise CannotSplit("Splitting a single attribute from its owner looks wrong")
+
     current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
     lowest_depth = sys.maxsize
     trailing_comma_safe = True
@@ -2176,26 +2377,6 @@ def standalone_comment_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
         yield current_line
 
 
-def explode_split(
-    line: Line, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = ()
-) -> Iterator[Line]:
-    """Split by rightmost bracket and immediately split contents by a delimiter."""
-    new_lines = list(right_hand_split(line, py36, omit))
-    if len(new_lines) != 3:
-        yield from new_lines
-        return
-
-    yield new_lines[0]
-
-    try:
-        yield from delimiter_split(new_lines[1], py36)
-
-    except CannotSplit:
-        yield new_lines[1]
-
-    yield new_lines[2]
-
-
 def is_import(leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
     """Return True if the given leaf starts an import statement."""
     p = leaf.parent
@@ -2314,8 +2495,13 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
     Standardizes on visible parentheses for single-element tuples, and keeps
     existing visible parentheses for other tuples and generator expressions.
     """
+    try:
+        list(generate_comments(node))
+    except FormatOff:
+        return  # This `node` has a prefix with `# fmt: off`, don't mess with parens.
+
     check_lpar = False
-    for child in list(node.children):
+    for index, child in enumerate(list(node.children)):
         if check_lpar:
             if child.type == syms.atom:
                 maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(child)
@@ -2323,9 +2509,22 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
                 # wrap child in visible parentheses
                 lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "(")
                 rpar = Leaf(token.RPAR, ")")
-                index = child.remove() or 0
+                child.remove()
                 node.insert_child(index, Node(syms.atom, [lpar, child, rpar]))
-            else:
+            elif node.type == syms.import_from:
+                # "import from" nodes store parentheses directly as part of
+                # the statement
+                if child.type == token.LPAR:
+                    # make parentheses invisible
+                    child.value = ""  # type: ignore
+                    node.children[-1].value = ""  # type: ignore
+                elif child.type != token.STAR:
+                    # insert invisible parentheses
+                    node.insert_child(index, Leaf(token.LPAR, ""))
+                    node.append_child(Leaf(token.RPAR, ""))
+                break
+
+            elif not (isinstance(child, Leaf) and is_multiline_string(child)):
                 # wrap child in invisible parentheses
                 lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "")
                 rpar = Leaf(token.RPAR, "")
@@ -2436,6 +2635,12 @@ def is_vararg(leaf: Leaf, within: Set[NodeType]) -> bool:
     return p.type in within
 
 
+def is_multiline_string(leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+    """Return True if `leaf` is a multiline string that actually spans many lines."""
+    value = leaf.value.lstrip("furbFURB")
+    return value[:3] in {'"""', "'''"} and "\n" in value
+
+
 def is_stub_suite(node: Node) -> bool:
     """Return True if `node` is a suite with a stub body."""
     if (
@@ -2505,6 +2710,25 @@ def ensure_visible(leaf: Leaf) -> None:
         leaf.value = ")"
 
 
+def should_explode(line: Line, opening_bracket: Leaf) -> bool:
+    """Should `line` immediately be split with `delimiter_split()` after RHS?"""
+    if not (
+        opening_bracket.parent
+        and opening_bracket.parent.type in {syms.atom, syms.import_from}
+        and opening_bracket.value in "[{("
+    ):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]
+        exclude = {id(last_leaf)} if last_leaf.type == token.COMMA else set()
+        max_priority = line.bracket_tracker.max_delimiter_priority(exclude=exclude)
+    except (IndexError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+    return max_priority == COMMA_PRIORITY
+
+
 def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool:
     """Return True if the current file is using Python 3.6+ features.
 
@@ -2553,21 +2777,14 @@ def generate_trailers_to_omit(line: Line, line_length: int) -> Iterator[Set[Leaf
     closing_bracket = None
     optional_brackets: Set[LeafID] = set()
     inner_brackets: Set[LeafID] = set()
-    for index, leaf in enumerate_reversed(line.leaves):
-        length += len(leaf.prefix) + len(leaf.value)
+    for index, leaf, leaf_length in enumerate_with_length(line, reversed=True):
+        length += leaf_length
         if length > line_length:
             break
 
-        comment: Optional[Leaf]
-        for comment in line.comments_after(leaf, index):
-            if "\n" in comment.prefix:
-                break  # Oops, standalone comment!
-
-            length += len(comment.value)
-        else:
-            comment = None
-        if comment is not None:
-            break  # There was a standalone comment, we can't continue.
+        has_inline_comment = leaf_length > len(leaf.value) + len(leaf.prefix)
+        if leaf.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT or has_inline_comment:
+            break
 
         optional_brackets.discard(id(leaf))
         if opening_bracket:
@@ -2631,32 +2848,73 @@ def get_future_imports(node: Node) -> Set[str]:
     return imports
 
 
-PYTHON_EXTENSIONS = {".py", ".pyi"}
-BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES = {
-    "build", "buck-out", "dist", "_build", ".git", ".hg", ".mypy_cache", ".tox", ".venv"
-}
-
+def gen_python_files_in_dir(
+    path: Path,
+    root: Path,
+    include: Pattern[str],
+    exclude: Pattern[str],
+    report: "Report",
+) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Generate all files under `path` whose paths are not excluded by the
+    `exclude` regex, but are included by the `include` regex.
 
-def gen_python_files_in_dir(path: Path) -> Iterator[Path]:
-    """Generate all files under `path` which aren't under BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES
-    and have one of the PYTHON_EXTENSIONS.
+    `report` is where output about exclusions goes.
     """
+    assert root.is_absolute(), f"INTERNAL ERROR: `root` must be absolute but is {root}"
     for child in path.iterdir():
+        normalized_path = "/" + child.resolve().relative_to(root).as_posix()
         if child.is_dir():
-            if child.name in BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES:
-                continue
+            normalized_path += "/"
+        exclude_match = exclude.search(normalized_path)
+        if exclude_match and exclude_match.group(0):
+            report.path_ignored(child, f"matches --exclude={exclude.pattern}")
+            continue
+
+        if child.is_dir():
+            yield from gen_python_files_in_dir(child, root, include, exclude, report)
+
+        elif child.is_file():
+            include_match = include.search(normalized_path)
+            if include_match:
+                yield child
+
+
+def find_project_root(srcs: List[str]) -> Path:
+    """Return a directory containing .git, .hg, or pyproject.toml.
+
+    That directory can be one of the directories passed in `srcs` or their
+    common parent.
+
+    If no directory in the tree contains a marker that would specify it's the
+    project root, the root of the file system is returned.
+    """
+    if not srcs:
+        return Path("/").resolve()
+
+    common_base = min(Path(src).resolve() for src in srcs)
+    if common_base.is_dir():
+        # Append a fake file so `parents` below returns `common_base_dir`, too.
+        common_base /= "fake-file"
+    for directory in common_base.parents:
+        if (directory / ".git").is_dir():
+            return directory
+
+        if (directory / ".hg").is_dir():
+            return directory
 
-            yield from gen_python_files_in_dir(child)
+        if (directory / "pyproject.toml").is_file():
+            return directory
 
-        elif child.is_file() and child.suffix in PYTHON_EXTENSIONS:
-            yield child
+    return directory
 
 
 @dataclass
 class Report:
     """Provides a reformatting counter. Can be rendered with `str(report)`."""
+
     check: bool = False
     quiet: bool = False
+    verbose: bool = False
     change_count: int = 0
     same_count: int = 0
     failure_count: int = 0
@@ -2665,11 +2923,11 @@ class Report:
         """Increment the counter for successful reformatting. Write out a message."""
         if changed is Changed.YES:
             reformatted = "would reformat" if self.check else "reformatted"
-            if not self.quiet:
+            if self.verbose or not self.quiet:
                 out(f"{reformatted} {src}")
             self.change_count += 1
         else:
-            if not self.quiet:
+            if self.verbose:
                 if changed is Changed.NO:
                     msg = f"{src} already well formatted, good job."
                 else:
@@ -2682,6 +2940,10 @@ class Report:
         err(f"error: cannot format {src}: {message}")
         self.failure_count += 1
 
+    def path_ignored(self, path: Path, message: str) -> None:
+        if self.verbose:
+            out(f"{path} ignored: {message}", bold=False)
+
     @property
     def return_code(self) -> int:
         """Return the exit code that the app should use.
@@ -2794,9 +3056,11 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
         ) from None
 
 
-def assert_stable(src: str, dst: str, line_length: int, is_pyi: bool = False) -> None:
+def assert_stable(
+    src: str, dst: str, line_length: int, mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT
+) -> None:
     """Raise AssertionError if `dst` reformats differently the second time."""
-    newdst = format_str(dst, line_length=line_length, is_pyi=is_pyi)
+    newdst = format_str(dst, line_length=line_length, mode=mode)
     if dst != newdst:
         log = dump_to_file(
             diff(src, dst, "source", "first pass"),
@@ -2881,6 +3145,29 @@ def enumerate_reversed(sequence: Sequence[T]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Index, T]]:
         index -= 1
 
 
+def enumerate_with_length(
+    line: Line, reversed: bool = False
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[Index, Leaf, int]]:
+    """Return an enumeration of leaves with their length.
+
+    Stops prematurely on multiline strings and standalone comments.
+    """
+    op = cast(
+        Callable[[Sequence[Leaf]], Iterator[Tuple[Index, Leaf]]],
+        enumerate_reversed if reversed else enumerate,
+    )
+    for index, leaf in op(line.leaves):
+        length = len(leaf.prefix) + len(leaf.value)
+        if "\n" in leaf.value:
+            return  # Multiline strings, we can't continue.
+
+        comment: Optional[Leaf]
+        for comment in line.comments_after(leaf, index):
+            length += len(comment.value)
+
+        yield index, leaf, length
+
+
 def is_line_short_enough(line: Line, *, line_length: int, line_str: str = "") -> bool:
     """Return True if `line` is no longer than `line_length`.
 
@@ -2895,19 +3182,110 @@ def is_line_short_enough(line: Line, *, line_length: int, line_str: str = "") ->
     )
 
 
-CACHE_DIR = Path(user_cache_dir("black", version=__version__))
+def can_omit_invisible_parens(line: Line, line_length: int) -> bool:
+    """Does `line` have a shape safe to reformat without optional parens around it?
 
+    Returns True for only a subset of potentially nice looking formattings but
+    the point is to not return false positives that end up producing lines that
+    are too long.
+    """
+    bt = line.bracket_tracker
+    if not bt.delimiters:
+        # Without delimiters the optional parentheses are useless.
+        return True
+
+    max_priority = bt.max_delimiter_priority()
+    if bt.delimiter_count_with_priority(max_priority) > 1:
+        # With more than one delimiter of a kind the optional parentheses read better.
+        return False
 
-def get_cache_file(line_length: int) -> Path:
-    return CACHE_DIR / f"cache.{line_length}.pickle"
+    if max_priority == DOT_PRIORITY:
+        # A single stranded method call doesn't require optional parentheses.
+        return True
+
+    assert len(line.leaves) >= 2, "Stranded delimiter"
+
+    first = line.leaves[0]
+    second = line.leaves[1]
+    penultimate = line.leaves[-2]
+    last = line.leaves[-1]
+
+    # With a single delimiter, omit if the expression starts or ends with
+    # a bracket.
+    if first.type in OPENING_BRACKETS and second.type not in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
+        remainder = False
+        length = 4 * line.depth
+        for _index, leaf, leaf_length in enumerate_with_length(line):
+            if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS and leaf.opening_bracket is first:
+                remainder = True
+            if remainder:
+                length += leaf_length
+                if length > line_length:
+                    break
 
+                if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+                    # There are brackets we can further split on.
+                    remainder = False
 
-def read_cache(line_length: int) -> Cache:
+        else:
+            # checked the entire string and line length wasn't exceeded
+            if len(line.leaves) == _index + 1:
+                return True
+
+        # Note: we are not returning False here because a line might have *both*
+        # a leading opening bracket and a trailing closing bracket.  If the
+        # opening bracket doesn't match our rule, maybe the closing will.
+
+    if (
+        last.type == token.RPAR
+        or last.type == token.RBRACE
+        or (
+            # don't use indexing for omitting optional parentheses;
+            # it looks weird
+            last.type == token.RSQB
+            and last.parent
+            and last.parent.type != syms.trailer
+        )
+    ):
+        if penultimate.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+            # Empty brackets don't help.
+            return False
+
+        if is_multiline_string(first):
+            # Additional wrapping of a multiline string in this situation is
+            # unnecessary.
+            return True
+
+        length = 4 * line.depth
+        seen_other_brackets = False
+        for _index, leaf, leaf_length in enumerate_with_length(line):
+            length += leaf_length
+            if leaf is last.opening_bracket:
+                if seen_other_brackets or length <= line_length:
+                    return True
+
+            elif leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+                # There are brackets we can further split on.
+                seen_other_brackets = True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def get_cache_file(line_length: int, mode: FileMode) -> Path:
+    pyi = bool(mode & FileMode.PYI)
+    py36 = bool(mode & FileMode.PYTHON36)
+    return (
+        CACHE_DIR
+        / f"cache.{line_length}{'.pyi' if pyi else ''}{'.py36' if py36 else ''}.pickle"
+    )
+
+
+def read_cache(line_length: int, mode: FileMode) -> Cache:
     """Read the cache if it exists and is well formed.
 
     If it is not well formed, the call to write_cache later should resolve the issue.
     """
-    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length)
+    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length, mode)
     if not cache_file.exists():
         return {}
 
@@ -2926,27 +3304,27 @@ def get_cache_info(path: Path) -> CacheInfo:
     return stat.st_mtime, stat.st_size
 
 
-def filter_cached(
-    cache: Cache, sources: Iterable[Path]
-) -> Tuple[List[Path], List[Path]]:
-    """Split a list of paths into two.
+def filter_cached(cache: Cache, sources: Iterable[Path]) -> Tuple[Set[Path], Set[Path]]:
+    """Split an iterable of paths in `sources` into two sets.
 
-    The first list contains paths of files that modified on disk or are not in the
-    cache. The other list contains paths to non-modified files.
+    The first contains paths of files that modified on disk or are not in the
+    cache. The other contains paths to non-modified files.
     """
-    todo, done = [], []
+    todo, done = set(), set()
     for src in sources:
         src = src.resolve()
         if cache.get(src) != get_cache_info(src):
-            todo.append(src)
+            todo.add(src)
         else:
-            done.append(src)
+            done.add(src)
     return todo, done
 
 
-def write_cache(cache: Cache, sources: List[Path], line_length: int) -> None:
+def write_cache(
+    cache: Cache, sources: Iterable[Path], line_length: int, mode: FileMode
+) -> None:
     """Update the cache file."""
-    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length)
+    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length, mode)
     try:
         if not CACHE_DIR.exists():
             CACHE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True)