X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/52fda8b0e9e52e94aae6cb3170c9b1b492a2d8b4..32e2f20e9a7932b05aa74f83347ca0fa6ffe78ba:/black.py diff --git a/black.py b/black.py index 11386d2..b2cf543 100644 --- a/black.py +++ b/black.py @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python3 - import asyncio import pickle from asyncio.base_events import BaseEventLoop @@ -43,8 +41,9 @@ from blib2to3 import pygram, pytree from blib2to3.pgen2 import driver, token from blib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError -__version__ = "18.4a2" +__version__ = "18.4a6" DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 88 + # types syms = pygram.python_symbols FileContent = str @@ -88,11 +87,11 @@ class FormatError(Exception): self.consumed = consumed def trim_prefix(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None: - leaf.prefix = leaf.prefix[self.consumed:] + leaf.prefix = leaf.prefix[self.consumed :] def leaf_from_consumed(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Leaf: """Returns a new Leaf from the consumed part of the prefix.""" - unformatted_prefix = leaf.prefix[:self.consumed] + unformatted_prefix = leaf.prefix[: self.consumed] return Leaf(token.NEWLINE, unformatted_prefix) @@ -193,6 +192,7 @@ def main( write_back = WriteBack.YES report = Report(check=check, quiet=quiet) if len(sources) == 0: + out("No paths given. Nothing to do 😴") ctx.exit(0) return @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def reformat_one( else: cache: Cache = {} if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF: - cache = read_cache() + cache = read_cache(line_length) src = src.resolve() if src in cache and cache[src] == get_cache_info(src): changed = Changed.CACHED @@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ def reformat_one( ) ): changed = Changed.YES - if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF and changed is not Changed.NO: - write_cache(cache, [src]) + if write_back == WriteBack.YES and changed is not Changed.NO: + write_cache(cache, [src], line_length) report.done(src, changed) except Exception as exc: report.failed(src, str(exc)) @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ async def schedule_formatting( """ cache: Cache = {} if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF: - cache = read_cache() + cache = read_cache(line_length) sources, cached = filter_cached(cache, sources) for src in cached: report.done(src, Changed.CACHED) @@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ async def schedule_formatting( if cancelled: await asyncio.gather(*cancelled, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True) - if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF and formatted: - write_cache(cache, formatted) + if write_back == WriteBack.YES and formatted: + write_cache(cache, formatted, line_length) def format_file_in_place( @@ -553,19 +553,20 @@ COMPARATORS = { token.GREATEREQUAL, } MATH_OPERATORS = { + token.VBAR, + token.CIRCUMFLEX, + token.AMPER, + token.LEFTSHIFT, + token.RIGHTSHIFT, token.PLUS, token.MINUS, token.STAR, token.SLASH, - token.VBAR, - token.AMPER, + token.DOUBLESLASH, token.PERCENT, - token.CIRCUMFLEX, + token.AT, token.TILDE, - token.LEFTSHIFT, - token.RIGHTSHIFT, token.DOUBLESTAR, - token.DOUBLESLASH, } STARS = {token.STAR, token.DOUBLESTAR} VARARGS_PARENTS = { @@ -581,12 +582,61 @@ UNPACKING_PARENTS = { syms.listmaker, syms.testlist_gexp, } +TEST_DESCENDANTS = { + syms.test, + syms.lambdef, + syms.or_test, + syms.and_test, + syms.not_test, + syms.comparison, + syms.star_expr, + syms.expr, + syms.xor_expr, + syms.and_expr, + syms.shift_expr, + syms.arith_expr, + syms.trailer, + syms.term, + syms.power, +} +ASSIGNMENTS = { + "=", + "+=", + "-=", + "*=", + "@=", + "/=", + "%=", + "&=", + "|=", + "^=", + "<<=", + ">>=", + "**=", + "//=", +} COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY = 20 -COMMA_PRIORITY = 10 -LOGIC_PRIORITY = 5 -STRING_PRIORITY = 4 -COMPARATOR_PRIORITY = 3 -MATH_PRIORITY = 1 +COMMA_PRIORITY = 18 +TERNARY_PRIORITY = 16 +LOGIC_PRIORITY = 14 +STRING_PRIORITY = 12 +COMPARATOR_PRIORITY = 10 +MATH_PRIORITIES = { + token.VBAR: 8, + token.CIRCUMFLEX: 7, + token.AMPER: 6, + token.LEFTSHIFT: 5, + token.RIGHTSHIFT: 5, + token.PLUS: 4, + token.MINUS: 4, + token.STAR: 3, + token.SLASH: 3, + token.DOUBLESLASH: 3, + token.PERCENT: 3, + token.AT: 3, + token.TILDE: 2, + token.DOUBLESTAR: 1, +} @dataclass @@ -597,8 +647,8 @@ class BracketTracker: bracket_match: Dict[Tuple[Depth, NodeType], Leaf] = Factory(dict) delimiters: Dict[LeafID, Priority] = Factory(dict) previous: Optional[Leaf] = None - _for_loop_variable: bool = False - _lambda_arguments: bool = False + _for_loop_variable: int = 0 + _lambda_arguments: int = 0 def mark(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None: """Mark `leaf` with bracket-related metadata. Keep track of delimiters. @@ -660,7 +710,7 @@ class BracketTracker: """ if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == "for": self.depth += 1 - self._for_loop_variable = True + self._for_loop_variable += 1 return True return False @@ -669,7 +719,7 @@ class BracketTracker: """See `maybe_increment_for_loop_variable` above for explanation.""" if self._for_loop_variable and leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == "in": self.depth -= 1 - self._for_loop_variable = False + self._for_loop_variable -= 1 return True return False @@ -682,7 +732,7 @@ class BracketTracker: """ if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == "lambda": self.depth += 1 - self._lambda_arguments = True + self._lambda_arguments += 1 return True return False @@ -691,11 +741,15 @@ class BracketTracker: """See `maybe_increment_lambda_arguments` above for explanation.""" if self._lambda_arguments and leaf.type == token.COLON: self.depth -= 1 - self._lambda_arguments = False + self._lambda_arguments -= 1 return True return False + def get_open_lsqb(self) -> Optional[Leaf]: + """Return the most recent opening square bracket (if any).""" + return self.bracket_match.get((self.depth - 1, token.RSQB)) + @dataclass class Line: @@ -721,14 +775,17 @@ class Line: if not has_value: return + if token.COLON == leaf.type and self.is_class_paren_empty: + del self.leaves[-2:] if self.leaves and not preformatted: # Note: at this point leaf.prefix should be empty except for # imports, for which we only preserve newlines. - leaf.prefix += whitespace(leaf) + leaf.prefix += whitespace( + leaf, complex_subscript=self.is_complex_subscript(leaf) + ) if self.inside_brackets or not preformatted: self.bracket_tracker.mark(leaf) self.maybe_remove_trailing_comma(leaf) - if not self.append_comment(leaf): self.leaves.append(leaf) @@ -816,6 +873,22 @@ class Line: and self.leaves[0].value == "yield" ) + @property + def is_class_paren_empty(self) -> bool: + """Is this a class with no base classes but using parentheses? + + Those are unnecessary and should be removed. + """ + return ( + bool(self) + and len(self.leaves) == 4 + and self.is_class + and self.leaves[2].type == token.LPAR + and self.leaves[2].value == "(" + and self.leaves[3].type == token.RPAR + and self.leaves[3].value == ")" + ) + def contains_standalone_comments(self, depth_limit: int = sys.maxsize) -> bool: """If so, needs to be split before emitting.""" for leaf in self.leaves: @@ -844,9 +917,14 @@ class Line: self.remove_trailing_comma() return True - # For parens let's check if it's safe to remove the comma. If the - # trailing one is the only one, we might mistakenly change a tuple - # into a different type by removing the comma. + # For parens let's check if it's safe to remove the comma. + # Imports are always safe. + if self.is_import: + self.remove_trailing_comma() + return True + + # Otheriwsse, if the trailing one is the only one, we might mistakenly + # change a tuple into a different type by removing the comma. depth = closing.bracket_depth + 1 commas = 0 opening = closing.opening_bracket @@ -857,7 +935,7 @@ class Line: else: return False - for leaf in self.leaves[_opening_index + 1:]: + for leaf in self.leaves[_opening_index + 1 :]: if leaf is closing: break @@ -918,6 +996,25 @@ class Line: self.comments[i] = (comma_index - 1, comment) self.leaves.pop() + def is_complex_subscript(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool: + """Return True iff `leaf` is part of a slice with non-trivial exprs.""" + open_lsqb = ( + leaf if leaf.type == token.LSQB else self.bracket_tracker.get_open_lsqb() + ) + if open_lsqb is None: + return False + + subscript_start = open_lsqb.next_sibling + if ( + isinstance(subscript_start, Node) + and subscript_start.type == syms.subscriptlist + ): + subscript_start = child_towards(subscript_start, leaf) + return ( + subscript_start is not None + and any(n.type in TEST_DESCENDANTS for n in subscript_start.pre_order()) + ) + def __str__(self) -> str: """Render the line.""" if not self: @@ -1055,9 +1152,6 @@ class EmptyLineTracker: newlines -= 1 return newlines, 0 - if current_line.is_flow_control: - return before, 1 - if ( self.previous_line and self.previous_line.is_import @@ -1066,13 +1160,6 @@ class EmptyLineTracker: ): return (before or 1), 0 - if ( - self.previous_line - and self.previous_line.is_yield - and (not current_line.is_yield or depth != self.previous_line.depth) - ): - return (before or 1), 0 - return before, 0 @@ -1182,14 +1269,13 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]): """Visit a statement. This implementation is shared for `if`, `while`, `for`, `try`, `except`, - `def`, `with`, `class`, and `assert`. + `def`, `with`, `class`, `assert` and assignments. The relevant Python language `keywords` for a given statement will be NAME leaves within it. This methods puts those on a separate line. - `parens` holds pairs of nodes where invisible parentheses should be put. - Keys hold nodes after which opening parentheses should be put, values - hold nodes before which closing parentheses should be put. + `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immeditely after which + invisible parens should be put. """ normalize_invisible_parens(node, parens_after=parens) for child in node.children: @@ -1289,7 +1375,9 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]): v = self.visit_stmt Ø: Set[str] = set() self.visit_assert_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"assert"}, parens={"assert", ","}) - self.visit_if_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"if", "else", "elif"}, parens={"if"}) + self.visit_if_stmt = partial( + v, keywords={"if", "else", "elif"}, parens={"if", "elif"} + ) self.visit_while_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"while", "else"}, parens={"while"}) self.visit_for_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"for", "else"}, parens={"for", "in"}) self.visit_try_stmt = partial( @@ -1299,6 +1387,8 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]): self.visit_with_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"with"}, parens=Ø) self.visit_funcdef = partial(v, keywords={"def"}, parens=Ø) self.visit_classdef = partial(v, keywords={"class"}, parens=Ø) + self.visit_expr_stmt = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens=ASSIGNMENTS) + self.visit_return_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"return"}, parens={"return"}) self.visit_async_funcdef = self.visit_async_stmt self.visit_decorated = self.visit_decorators @@ -1311,8 +1401,12 @@ BRACKETS = OPENING_BRACKETS | CLOSING_BRACKETS ALWAYS_NO_SPACE = CLOSING_BRACKETS | {token.COMMA, STANDALONE_COMMENT} -def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str: # noqa C901 - """Return whitespace prefix if needed for the given `leaf`.""" +def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str: # noqa C901 + """Return whitespace prefix if needed for the given `leaf`. + + `complex_subscript` signals whether the given leaf is part of a subscription + which has non-trivial arguments, like arithmetic expressions or function calls. + """ NO = "" SPACE = " " DOUBLESPACE = " " @@ -1326,7 +1420,10 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str: # noqa C901 return DOUBLESPACE assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}" - if t == token.COLON and p.type not in {syms.subscript, syms.subscriptlist}: + if ( + t == token.COLON + and p.type not in {syms.subscript, syms.subscriptlist, syms.sliceop} + ): return NO prev = leaf.prev_sibling @@ -1336,7 +1433,13 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str: # noqa C901 return NO if t == token.COLON: - return SPACE if prevp.type == token.COMMA else NO + if prevp.type == token.COLON: + return NO + + elif prevp.type != token.COMMA and not complex_subscript: + return NO + + return SPACE if prevp.type == token.EQUAL: if prevp.parent: @@ -1357,7 +1460,7 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str: # noqa C901 elif prevp.type == token.COLON: if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {syms.subscript, syms.sliceop}: - return NO + return SPACE if complex_subscript else NO elif ( prevp.parent @@ -1463,7 +1566,7 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str: # noqa C901 if prev and prev.type == token.LPAR: return NO - elif p.type == syms.subscript: + elif p.type in {syms.subscript, syms.sliceop}: # indexing if not prev: assert p.parent is not None, "subscripts are always parented" @@ -1472,7 +1575,7 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str: # noqa C901 return NO - else: + elif not complex_subscript: return NO elif p.type == syms.atom: @@ -1542,6 +1645,14 @@ def preceding_leaf(node: Optional[LN]) -> Optional[Leaf]: return None +def child_towards(ancestor: Node, descendant: LN) -> Optional[LN]: + """Return the child of `ancestor` that contains `descendant`.""" + node: Optional[LN] = descendant + while node and node.parent != ancestor: + node = node.parent + return node + + def is_split_after_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int: """Return the priority of the `leaf` delimiter, given a line break after it. @@ -1574,7 +1685,7 @@ def is_split_before_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int: and leaf.parent and leaf.parent.type not in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr} ): - return MATH_PRIORITY + return MATH_PRIORITIES[leaf.type] if leaf.type in COMPARATORS: return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY @@ -1602,6 +1713,14 @@ def is_split_before_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int: ): return COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY + if ( + leaf.type == token.NAME + and leaf.value in {"if", "else"} + and leaf.parent + and leaf.parent.type == syms.test + ): + return TERNARY_PRIORITY + if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS and leaf.parent: return LOGIC_PRIORITY @@ -1713,6 +1832,8 @@ def split_line( split_funcs: List[SplitFunc] if line.is_def: split_funcs = [left_hand_split] + elif line.is_import: + split_funcs = [explode_split] elif line.inside_brackets: split_funcs = [delimiter_split, standalone_comment_split, right_hand_split] else: @@ -1745,7 +1866,8 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]: """Split line into many lines, starting with the first matching bracket pair. Note: this usually looks weird, only use this for function definitions. - Prefer RHS otherwise. + Prefer RHS otherwise. This is why this function is not symmetrical with + :func:`right_hand_split` which also handles optional parentheses. """ head = Line(depth=line.depth) body = Line(depth=line.depth + 1, inside_brackets=True) @@ -1785,7 +1907,10 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]: def right_hand_split( line: Line, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = () ) -> Iterator[Line]: - """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair.""" + """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair. + + If the split was by optional parentheses, attempt splitting without them, too. + """ head = Line(depth=line.depth) body = Line(depth=line.depth + 1, inside_brackets=True) tail = Line(depth=line.depth) @@ -1824,20 +1949,25 @@ def right_hand_split( bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail) assert opening_bracket and closing_bracket if ( + # the opening bracket is an optional paren opening_bracket.type == token.LPAR and not opening_bracket.value + # the closing bracket is an optional paren and closing_bracket.type == token.RPAR and not closing_bracket.value + # there are no delimiters or standalone comments in the body + and not body.bracket_tracker.delimiters + and not line.contains_standalone_comments(0) + # and it's not an import (optional parens are the only thing we can split + # on in this case; attempting a split without them is a waste of time) + and not line.is_import ): - # These parens were optional. If there aren't any delimiters or standalone - # comments in the body, they were unnecessary and another split without - # them should be attempted. - if not ( - body.bracket_tracker.delimiters or line.contains_standalone_comments(0) - ): - omit = {id(closing_bracket), *omit} + omit = {id(closing_bracket), *omit} + try: yield from right_hand_split(line, py36=py36, omit=omit) return + except CannotSplit: + pass ensure_visible(opening_bracket) ensure_visible(closing_bracket) @@ -1979,6 +2109,26 @@ def standalone_comment_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]: yield current_line +def explode_split( + line: Line, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = () +) -> Iterator[Line]: + """Split by rightmost bracket and immediately split contents by a delimiter.""" + new_lines = list(right_hand_split(line, py36, omit)) + if len(new_lines) != 3: + yield from new_lines + return + + yield new_lines[0] + + try: + yield from delimiter_split(new_lines[1], py36) + + except CannotSplit: + yield new_lines[1] + + yield new_lines[2] + + def is_import(leaf: Leaf) -> bool: """Return True if the given leaf starts an import statement.""" p = leaf.parent @@ -2040,7 +2190,7 @@ def normalize_string_quotes(leaf: Leaf) -> None: unescaped_new_quote = re.compile(rf"(([^\\]|^)(\\\\)*){new_quote}") escaped_new_quote = re.compile(rf"([^\\]|^)\\(\\\\)*{new_quote}") escaped_orig_quote = re.compile(rf"([^\\]|^)\\(\\\\)*{orig_quote}") - body = leaf.value[first_quote_pos + len(orig_quote):-len(orig_quote)] + body = leaf.value[first_quote_pos + len(orig_quote) : -len(orig_quote)] if "r" in prefix.casefold(): if unescaped_new_quote.search(body): # There's at least one unescaped new_quote in this raw string @@ -2075,6 +2225,9 @@ def normalize_string_quotes(leaf: Leaf) -> None: def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None: """Make existing optional parentheses invisible or create new ones. + `parens_after` is a set of string leaf values immeditely after which parens + should be put. + Standardizes on visible parentheses for single-element tuples, and keeps existing visible parentheses for other tuples and generator expressions. """ @@ -2082,17 +2235,7 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None: for child in list(node.children): if check_lpar: if child.type == syms.atom: - if not ( - is_empty_tuple(child) - or is_one_tuple(child) - or max_delimiter_priority_in_atom(child) >= COMMA_PRIORITY - ): - first = child.children[0] - last = child.children[-1] - if first.type == token.LPAR and last.type == token.RPAR: - # make parentheses invisible - first.value = "" # type: ignore - last.value = "" # type: ignore + maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(child) elif is_one_tuple(child): # wrap child in visible parentheses lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "(") @@ -2109,6 +2252,30 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None: check_lpar = isinstance(child, Leaf) and child.value in parens_after +def maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(node: LN) -> bool: + """If it's safe, make the parens in the atom `node` invisible, recusively.""" + if ( + node.type != syms.atom + or is_empty_tuple(node) + or is_one_tuple(node) + or is_yield(node) + or max_delimiter_priority_in_atom(node) >= COMMA_PRIORITY + ): + return False + + first = node.children[0] + last = node.children[-1] + if first.type == token.LPAR and last.type == token.RPAR: + # make parentheses invisible + first.value = "" # type: ignore + last.value = "" # type: ignore + if len(node.children) > 1: + maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(node.children[1]) + return True + + return False + + def is_empty_tuple(node: LN) -> bool: """Return True if `node` holds an empty tuple.""" return ( @@ -2142,12 +2309,33 @@ def is_one_tuple(node: LN) -> bool: ) +def is_yield(node: LN) -> bool: + """Return True if `node` holds a `yield` or `yield from` expression.""" + if node.type == syms.yield_expr: + return True + + if node.type == token.NAME and node.value == "yield": # type: ignore + return True + + if node.type != syms.atom: + return False + + if len(node.children) != 3: + return False + + lpar, expr, rpar = node.children + if lpar.type == token.LPAR and rpar.type == token.RPAR: + return is_yield(expr) + + return False + + def is_vararg(leaf: Leaf, within: Set[NodeType]) -> bool: """Return True if `leaf` is a star or double star in a vararg or kwarg. If `within` includes VARARGS_PARENTS, this applies to function signatures. - If `within` includes COLLECTION_LIBERALS_PARENTS, it applies to right - hand-side extended iterable unpacking (PEP 3132) and additional unpacking + If `within` includes UNPACKING_PARENTS, it applies to right hand-side + extended iterable unpacking (PEP 3132) and additional unpacking generalizations (PEP 448). """ if leaf.type not in STARS or not leaf.parent: @@ -2210,7 +2398,7 @@ def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool: Currently looking for: - f-strings; and - - trailing commas after * or ** in function signatures. + - trailing commas after * or ** in function signatures and calls. """ for n in node.pre_order(): if n.type == token.STRING: @@ -2219,7 +2407,7 @@ def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool: return True elif ( - n.type == syms.typedargslist + n.type in {syms.typedargslist, syms.arglist} and n.children and n.children[-1].type == token.COMMA ): @@ -2227,6 +2415,11 @@ def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool: if ch.type in STARS: return True + if ch.type == syms.argument: + for argch in ch.children: + if argch.type in STARS: + return True + return False @@ -2473,18 +2666,22 @@ def sub_twice(regex: Pattern[str], replacement: str, original: str) -> str: CACHE_DIR = Path(user_cache_dir("black", version=__version__)) -CACHE_FILE = CACHE_DIR / "cache.pickle" -def read_cache() -> Cache: +def get_cache_file(line_length: int) -> Path: + return CACHE_DIR / f"cache.{line_length}.pickle" + + +def read_cache(line_length: int) -> Cache: """Read the cache if it exists and is well formed. If it is not well formed, the call to write_cache later should resolve the issue. """ - if not CACHE_FILE.exists(): + cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length) + if not cache_file.exists(): return {} - with CACHE_FILE.open("rb") as fobj: + with cache_file.open("rb") as fobj: try: cache: Cache = pickle.load(fobj) except pickle.UnpicklingError: @@ -2517,13 +2714,14 @@ def filter_cached( return todo, done -def write_cache(cache: Cache, sources: List[Path]) -> None: +def write_cache(cache: Cache, sources: List[Path], line_length: int) -> None: """Update the cache file.""" + cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length) try: if not CACHE_DIR.exists(): CACHE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True) new_cache = {**cache, **{src.resolve(): get_cache_info(src) for src in sources}} - with CACHE_FILE.open("wb") as fobj: + with cache_file.open("wb") as fobj: pickle.dump(new_cache, fobj, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL) except OSError: pass