X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/80500748a7b4246e2381ddce869a09a215a591ae..d410763d8d4f5874113c9ad32edd9354c4e5589a:/README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 6d350d0..c9039aa 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ -![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ambv/black/master/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png) +![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python/black/master/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png)

The Uncompromising Code Formatter

-Build Status +Build Status Documentation Status -Coverage Status -License: MIT +Coverage Status +License: MIT PyPI Downloads -Code style: black +Code style: black

> “Any color you like.” @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ content instead. possible. Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). +Watch the [PyCon 2019 talk](https://youtu.be/esZLCuWs_2Y) to learn more. --- @@ -35,8 +36,10 @@ Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). **[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** | +**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** | **[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | +**[Used by](#used-by)** | **[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** | **[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** | @@ -70,44 +73,59 @@ black {source_file_or_directory} black [OPTIONS] [SRC]... Options: - -l, --line-length INTEGER Where to wrap around. [default: 88] - --py36 Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all input - files. This will put trailing commas in function - signatures and calls also after *args and - **kwargs. [default: per-file auto-detection] - --pyi Format all input files like typing stubs - regardless of file extension (useful when piping - source on standard input). + -c, --code TEXT Format the code passed in as a string. + -l, --line-length INTEGER How many characters per line to allow. + [default: 88] + -t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38] + Python versions that should be supported by + Black's output. [default: per-file auto- + detection] + --py36 Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all + input files. This will put trailing commas + in function signatures and calls also after + *args and **kwargs. Deprecated; use + --target-version instead. [default: per-file + auto-detection] + --pyi Format all input files like typing stubs + regardless of file extension (useful when + piping source on standard input). -S, --skip-string-normalization - Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes. - --check Don't write the files back, just return the - status. Return code 0 means nothing would - change. Return code 1 means some files would be - reformatted. Return code 123 means there was an - internal error. - --diff Don't write the files back, just output a diff - for each file on stdout. - --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks. - [default: --safe] - --include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and - directories that should be included on - recursive searches. On Windows, use forward - slashes for directories. [default: \.pyi?$] - --exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and - directories that should be excluded on - recursive searches. On Windows, use forward - slashes for directories. [default: - build/|buck-out/|dist/|_build/|\.git/|\.hg/| - \.mypy_cache/|\.tox/|\.venv/] - -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. Errors - are still emitted, silence those with - 2>/dev/null. - -v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files - that were not changed or were ignored due to - --exclude=. - --version Show the version and exit. - --config PATH Read configuration from PATH. - --help Show this message and exit. + Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes. + --check Don't write the files back, just return the + status. Return code 0 means nothing would + change. Return code 1 means some files + would be reformatted. Return code 123 means + there was an internal error. + --diff Don't write the files back, just output a + diff for each file on stdout. + --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity + checks. [default: --safe] + --include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and + directories that should be included on + recursive searches. An empty value means + all files are included regardless of the + name. Use forward slashes for directories + on all platforms (Windows, too). Exclusions + are calculated first, inclusions later. + [default: \.pyi?$] + --exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and + directories that should be excluded on + recursive searches. An empty value means no + paths are excluded. Use forward slashes for + directories on all platforms (Windows, too). + Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions + later. [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy + _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|_build|buck- + out|build|dist)/] + -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. + Errors are still emitted, silence those with + 2>/dev/null. + -v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files + that were not changed or were ignored due to + --exclude=. + --version Show the version and exit. + --config PATH Read configuration from PATH. + -h, --help Show this message and exit. ``` *Black* is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool: @@ -121,7 +139,7 @@ Options: ### NOTE: This is a beta product -*Black* is already successfully used by several projects, small and big. +*Black* is already [successfully used](#used-by) by many projects, small and big. It also sports a decent test suite. However, it is still very new. Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the "Beta" trove classifier, as well as by the "b" in the version number. @@ -140,7 +158,8 @@ original. This slows it down. If you're feeling confident, use *Black* reformats entire files in place. It is not configurable. It doesn't take previous formatting into account. It doesn't reformat -blocks that start with `# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. It also +blocks that start with `# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. `# fmt: on/off` +have to be on the same level of indentation. It also recognizes [YAPF](https://github.com/google/yapf)'s block comments to the same effect, as a courtesy for straddling code. @@ -174,12 +193,12 @@ brackets and put that in a separate indented line. ```py3 # in: -TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals) +ImportantClass.important_method(exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals, extra_argument) # out: -TracebackException.from_exception( - exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals +ImportantClass.important_method( + exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals, extra_argument ) ``` @@ -193,7 +212,7 @@ separate lines. ```py3 # in: -def very_important_function(template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, debug: bool = False): +def very_important_function(template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, engine: str, header: bool = True, debug: bool = False): """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" with open(file, 'w') as f: ... @@ -204,6 +223,8 @@ def very_important_function( template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, + engine: str, + header: bool = True, debug: bool = False, ): """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" @@ -234,13 +255,13 @@ the following configuration. multi_line_output=3 include_trailing_comma=True force_grid_wrap=0 -combine_as_imports=True +use_parentheses=True line_length=88 ``` The equivalent command line is: ``` -$ isort --multi-line=3 --trailing-comma --force-grid-wrap=0 --combine-as --line-width=88 [ file.py ] +$ isort --multi-line=3 --trailing-comma --force-grid-wrap=0 --use-parentheses --line-width=88 [ file.py ] ``` @@ -276,7 +297,8 @@ ignore = E501 ``` You'll find *Black*'s own .flake8 config file is configured like this. -If you're curious about the reasoning behind B950, Bugbear's documentation +If you're curious about the reasoning behind B950, +[Bugbear's documentation](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear#opinionated-warnings) explains it. The tl;dr is "it's like highway speed limits, we won't bother you if you overdo it by a few km/h". @@ -351,11 +373,11 @@ The main reason to standardize on a single form of quotes is aesthetics. Having one kind of quotes everywhere reduces reader distraction. It will also enable a future version of *Black* to merge consecutive string literals that ended up on the same line (see -[#26](https://github.com/ambv/black/issues/26) for details). +[#26](https://github.com/python/black/issues/26) for details). Why settle on double quotes? They anticipate apostrophes in English -text. They match the docstring standard described in PEP 257. An -empty string in double quotes (`""`) is impossible to confuse with +text. They match the docstring standard described in [PEP 257](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/#what-is-a-docstring). +An empty string in double quotes (`""`) is impossible to confuse with a one double-quote regardless of fonts and syntax highlighting used. On top of this, double quotes for strings are consistent with C which Python interacts a lot with. @@ -373,11 +395,11 @@ an adoption helper, avoid using this for new projects. ### Numeric literals -*Black* standardizes most numeric literals to use lowercase letters: `0xab` +*Black* standardizes most numeric literals to use lowercase letters for the +syntactic parts and uppercase letters for the digits themselves: `0xAB` instead of `0XAB` and `1e10` instead of `1E10`. Python 2 long literals are -styled as `2L` instead of `2l` to avoid confusion between `l` and `1`. In -Python 3.6+, *Black* adds underscores to long numeric literals to aid -readability: `100000000` becomes `100_000_000`. +styled as `2L` instead of `2l` to avoid confusion between `l` and `1`. + ### Line breaks & binary operators @@ -537,6 +559,8 @@ other file. If you're running with `--verbose`, you will see a blue message if a file was found and used. +Please note `blackd` will not use `pyproject.toml` configuration. + ### Configuration format @@ -556,24 +580,26 @@ to denote a significant space character. ```toml [tool.black] line-length = 88 -py36 = true +target-version = ['py37'] include = '\.pyi?$' exclude = ''' -/( - \.git - | \.hg - | \.mypy_cache - | \.tox - | \.venv - | _build - | buck-out - | build - | dist - - # The following are specific to Black, you probably don't want those. - | blib2to3 - | tests/data -)/ + +( + /( + \.eggs # exclude a few common directories in the + | \.git # root of the project + | \.hg + | \.mypy_cache + | \.tox + | \.venv + | _build + | buck-out + | build + | dist + )/ + | foo.py # also separately exclude a file named foo.py in + # the root of the project +) ''' ``` @@ -594,10 +620,11 @@ configuration from different levels of the file hierarchy. ### Emacs -Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken). +Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken) or +[Elpy](https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy). -### PyCharm +### PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA 1. Install `black`. @@ -621,28 +648,69 @@ $ where black %LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe # possible location ``` -3. Open External tools in PyCharm with `File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools`. +3. Open External tools in PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA + + On macOS: + +```PyCharm -> Preferences -> Tools -> External Tools``` + + On Windows / Linux / BSD: + +```File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools``` 4. Click the + icon to add a new external tool with the following values: - Name: Black - Description: Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter. - Program: - - Arguments: `$FilePath$` + - Arguments: `"$FilePath$"` 5. Format the currently opened file by selecting `Tools -> External Tools -> black`. - - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences -> Keymap -> External Tools -> External Tools - Black`. + - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences or Settings -> Keymap -> External Tools -> External Tools - Black`. -6. Optionally, run Black on every file save: +6. Optionally, run *Black* on every file save: 1. Make sure you have the [File Watcher](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7177-file-watchers) plugin installed. - 2. Go to `Preferences -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a new watcher: + 2. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a new watcher: - Name: Black - File type: Python - Scope: Project Files - Program: - Arguments: `$FilePath$` - - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePathRelativeToProjectRoot$` + - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePath$` - Working directory: `$ProjectFileDir$` + - Uncheck "Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher" + + + +### Wing IDE + +Wing supports black via the OS Commands tool, as explained in the Wing documentation on [pep8 formatting](https://wingware.com/doc/edit/pep8). The detailed procedure is: + +1. Install `black`. + +```console +$ pip install black +``` + +2. Make sure it runs from the command line, e.g. + +```console +$ black --help +``` + +3. In Wing IDE, activate the **OS Commands** panel and define the command **black** to execute black on the currently selected file: + +- Use the Tools -> OS Commands menu selection +- click on **+** in **OS Commands** -> New: Command line.. + - Title: black + - Command Line: black %s + - I/O Encoding: Use Default + - Key Binding: F1 + - [x] Raise OS Commands when executed + - [x] Auto-save files before execution + - [x] Line mode + +4. Select a file in the editor and press **F1** , or whatever key binding you selected in step 3, to reformat the file. ### Vim @@ -662,16 +730,16 @@ Configuration: To install with [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug): ``` -Plug 'ambv/black', +Plug 'python/black' ``` or with [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim): ``` -Plugin 'ambv/black' +Plugin 'python/black' ``` -or you can copy the plugin from [plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/ambv/black/tree/master/plugin/black.vim). +or you can copy the plugin from [plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/python/black/tree/master/plugin/black.vim). Let me know if this requires any changes to work with Vim 8's builtin `packadd`, or Pathogen, and so on. @@ -713,7 +781,7 @@ Use the [Python extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=m Use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack). -### IPython Notebook Magic +### Jupyter Notebook Magic Use [blackcellmagic](https://github.com/csurfer/blackcellmagic). @@ -743,8 +811,87 @@ The formatted code will be returned on stdout (unless `--check` was passed). *Black* will still emit messages on stderr but that shouldn't affect your use case. -This can be used for example with PyCharm's [File Watchers](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/file-watchers.html). +This can be used for example with PyCharm's or IntelliJ's [File Watchers](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/file-watchers.html). + +## blackd + +`blackd` is a small HTTP server that exposes *Black*'s functionality over +a simple protocol. The main benefit of using it is to avoid paying the +cost of starting up a new *Black* process every time you want to blacken +a file. + +### Usage + +`blackd` is not packaged alongside *Black* by default because it has additional +dependencies. You will need to do `pip install black[d]` to install it. + +You can start the server on the default port, binding only to the local interface +by running `blackd`. You will see a single line mentioning the server's version, +and the host and port it's listening on. `blackd` will then print an access log +similar to most web servers on standard output, merged with any exception traces +caused by invalid formatting requests. + +`blackd` provides even less options than *Black*. You can see them by running +`blackd --help`: + +```text +Usage: blackd [OPTIONS] + +Options: + --bind-host TEXT Address to bind the server to. + --bind-port INTEGER Port to listen on + --version Show the version and exit. + -h, --help Show this message and exit. +``` +There is no official blackd client tool (yet!). You can test that blackd is +working using `curl`: + +``` +blackd --bind-port 9090 & # or let blackd choose a port +curl -s -XPOST "localhost:9090" -d "print('valid')" +``` + +### Protocol + +`blackd` only accepts `POST` requests at the `/` path. The body of the request +should contain the python source code to be formatted, encoded +according to the `charset` field in the `Content-Type` request header. If no +`charset` is specified, `blackd` assumes `UTF-8`. + +There are a few HTTP headers that control how the source is formatted. These +correspond to command line flags for *Black*. There is one exception to this: +`X-Protocol-Version` which if present, should have the value `1`, otherwise the +request is rejected with `HTTP 501` (Not Implemented). + +The headers controlling how code is formatted are: + + - `X-Line-Length`: corresponds to the `--line-length` command line flag. + - `X-Skip-String-Normalization`: corresponds to the `--skip-string-normalization` + command line flag. If present and its value is not the empty string, no string + normalization will be performed. + - `X-Fast-Or-Safe`: if set to `fast`, `blackd` will act as *Black* does when + passed the `--fast` command line flag. + - `X-Python-Variant`: if set to `pyi`, `blackd` will act as *Black* does when + passed the `--pyi` command line flag. Otherwise, its value must correspond to + a Python version or a set of comma-separated Python versions, optionally + prefixed with `py`. For example, to request code that is compatible + with Python 3.5 and 3.6, set the header to `py3.5,py3.6`. + +If any of these headers are set to invalid values, `blackd` returns a `HTTP 400` +error response, mentioning the name of the problematic header in the message body. + +Apart from the above, `blackd` can produce the following response codes: + + - `HTTP 204`: If the input is already well-formatted. The response body is + empty. + - `HTTP 200`: If formatting was needed on the input. The response body + contains the blackened Python code, and the `Content-Type` header is set + accordingly. + - `HTTP 400`: If the input contains a syntax error. Details of the error are + returned in the response body. + - `HTTP 500`: If there was any kind of error while trying to format the input. + The response body contains a textual representation of the error. ## Version control integration @@ -753,7 +900,7 @@ installed](https://pre-commit.com/#install), add this to the `.pre-commit-config.yaml` in your repository: ```yaml repos: -- repo: https://github.com/ambv/black +- repo: https://github.com/python/black rev: stable hooks: - id: black @@ -763,7 +910,7 @@ Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go. Avoid using `args` in the hook. Instead, store necessary configuration in `pyproject.toml` so that editors and command-line usage of Black all -behave consistently for your project. See *Black*'s own `pyproject.toml` +behave consistently for your project. See *Black*'s own [pyproject.toml](/pyproject.toml) for an example. If you're already using Python 3.7, switch the `language_version` @@ -786,6 +933,19 @@ is: `file-mode` is an int flag that determines whether the file was formatted as 3.6+ only, as .pyi, and whether string normalization was omitted. +To override the location of these files on macOS or Linux, set the environment variable +`XDG_CACHE_HOME` to your preferred location. For example, if you want to put the cache in +the directory you're running *Black* from, set `XDG_CACHE_HOME=.cache`. *Black* will then +write the above files to `.cache/black//`. + +## Used by + +The following notable open-source projects trust *Black* with enforcing +a consistent code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django Channels, Hypothesis, +attrs, SQLAlchemy, Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Pipenv, virtualenv). + +Are we missing anyone? Let us know. + ## Testimonials @@ -813,16 +973,16 @@ and [`pipenv`](https://docs.pipenv.org/): Use the badge in your project's README.md: ```markdown -[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black) ``` Using the badge in README.rst: ``` .. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg - :target: https://github.com/ambv/black + :target: https://github.com/python/black ``` -Looks like this: [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +Looks like this: [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black) ## License @@ -848,33 +1008,109 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Change Log -### 18.8b0 +### 19.5b0 -* adjacent string literals are now correctly split into multiple lines (#463) +* added `black -c` as a way to format code passed from the command line + (#761) + +* --safe now works with Python 2 code (#840) + +* fixed grammar selection for Python 2-specific code (#765) + +* fixed feature detection for trailing commas in function definitions + and call sites (#763) + +* *Black* can now format async generators (#593) + +* *Black* no longer crashes on Windows machines with more than 61 cores + (#838) + +* *Black* no longer crashes on standalone comments prepended with + a backslash (#767) + +* *Black* no longer crashes on `from` ... `import` blocks with comments + (#829) + +* removed unnecessary parentheses around `yield` expressions (#834) + +* added parentheses around long tuples in unpacking assignments (#832) + +* fixed bug that led *Black* format some code with a line length target + of 1 (#762) + +* *Black* no longer introduces quotes in f-string subexpressions on string + boundaries (#863) + + +### 19.3b0 + +* new option `--target-version` to control which Python versions + *Black*-formatted code should target (#618) + +* deprecated `--py36` (use `--target-version=py36` instead) (#724) + +* *Black* no longer normalizes numeric literals to include `_` separators (#696) + +* long `del` statements are now split into multiple lines (#698) + +* type comments are no longer mangled in function signatures + +* improved performance of formatting deeply nested data structures (#509) + +* *Black* now properly formats multiple files in parallel on + Windows (#632) + +* *Black* now creates cache files atomically which allows it to be used + in parallel pipelines (like `xargs -P8`) (#673) + +* *Black* now correctly indents comments in files that were previously + formatted with tabs (#262) + +* `blackd` now supports CORS (#622) + + +### 18.9b0 * numeric literals are now formatted by *Black* (#452, #461, #464, #469): * numeric literals are normalized to include `_` separators on Python 3.6+ code + * added `--skip-numeric-underscore-normalization` to disable the above behavior and + leave numeric underscores as they were in the input + * code with `_` in numeric literals is recognized as Python 3.6+ - * most letters in numeric literals are lowercased (e.g., in `1e10` or `0xab`) + * most letters in numeric literals are lowercased (e.g., in `1e10`, `0x01`) + + * hexadecimal digits are always uppercased (e.g. `0xBADC0DE`) + +* added `blackd`, see [its documentation](#blackd) for more info (#349) + +* adjacent string literals are now correctly split into multiple lines (#463) + +* trailing comma is now added to single imports that don't fit on a line (#250) * cache is now populated when `--check` is successful for a file which speeds up consecutive checks of properly formatted unmodified files (#448) +* whitespace at the beginning of the file is now removed (#399) + +* fixed mangling [pweave](http://mpastell.com/pweave/) and + [Spyder IDE](https://pythonhosted.org/spyder/) special comments (#532) + +* fixed unstable formatting when unpacking big tuples (#267) + * fixed parsing of `__future__` imports with renames (#389) * fixed scope of `# fmt: off` when directly preceding `yield` and other nodes (#385) -* note: the Vim plugin stopped registering ``,=`` as a default chord as it turned out - to be a bad idea (#415) - * fixed formatting of lambda expressions with default arguments (#468) -* *Black* no longer breaks ``async for`` statements up to separate lines (#372) +* fixed ``async for`` statements: *Black* no longer breaks them into separate + lines (#372) -* fixed unstable formatting when unpacking big tuples (#267) +* note: the Vim plugin stopped registering ``,=`` as a default chord as it turned out + to be a bad idea (#415) ### 18.6b4 @@ -1236,18 +1472,23 @@ Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com), Multiple contributions by: * [Anthony Sottile](mailto:asottile@umich.edu) * [Artem Malyshev](mailto:proofit404@gmail.com) +* [Benjamin Woodruff](mailto:github@benjam.info) * [Christian Heimes](mailto:christian@python.org) * [Daniel M. Capella](mailto:polycitizen@gmail.com) * [Eli Treuherz](mailto:eli@treuherz.com) +* hauntsaninja * Hugo van Kemenade * [Ivan Katanić](mailto:ivan.katanic@gmail.com) +* [Jason Fried](mailto:me@jasonfried.info) * [Jonas Obrist](mailto:ojiidotch@gmail.com) * [Luka Sterbic](mailto:luka.sterbic@gmail.com) * [Miguel Gaiowski](mailto:miggaiowski@gmail.com) * [Miroslav Shubernetskiy](mailto:miroslav@miki725.com) -* [Neraste](neraste.herr10@gmail.com) +* [Neraste](mailto:neraste.herr10@gmail.com) * [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com) * [Peter Bengtsson](mailto:mail@peterbe.com) * [Stavros Korokithakis](mailto:hi@stavros.io) * [Sunil Kapil](mailto:snlkapil@gmail.com) +* [Utsav Shah](mailto:ukshah2@illinois.edu) * [Vishwas B Sharma](mailto:sharma.vishwas88@gmail.com) +* [Chuck Wooters](mailto:chuck.wooters@microsoft.com)