X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/9b484d1bcc2e15dcd5544cddab729c76b4d1d2e9..9104ebe5aeb1474cb163c303e35d40542673d5e8:/README.md?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 03cf81e..3b5e607 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@

Build Status +Actions Status Documentation Status Coverage Status License: MIT @@ -30,11 +31,11 @@ Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). Watch the --- _Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** | -**[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | -**[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** | **[blackd](#blackd)** | -**[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** | -**[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)** | -**[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** | +**[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)** | +**[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** | +**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** +| **[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)** +| **[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** | **[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** | **[Change Log](#change-log)** | **[Authors](#authors)** @@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ statement per line. If this fits the allotted line length, great. j = [1, 2, - 3, + 3 ] # out: @@ -284,6 +285,14 @@ curious about the reasoning behind B950, explains it. The tl;dr is "it's like highway speed limits, we won't bother you if you overdo it by a few km/h". +**If you're looking for a minimal, black-compatible flake8 configuration:** + +```ini +[flake8] +max-line-length = 88 +extend-ignore = E203 +``` + ### Empty lines _Black_ avoids spurious vertical whitespace. This is in the spirit of PEP 8 which says @@ -480,6 +489,47 @@ file that are not enforced yet but might be in a future version of the formatter - for arguments that default to `None`, use `Optional[]` explicitly; - use `float` instead of `Union[int, float]`. +## Pragmatism + +Early versions of _Black_ used to be absolutist in some respects. They took after its +initial author. This was fine at the time as it made the implementation simpler and +there were not many users anyway. Not many edge cases were reported. As a mature tool, +_Black_ does make some exceptions to rules it otherwise holds. This section documents +what those exceptions are and why this is the case. + +### The magic trailing comma + +_Black_ in general does not take existing formatting into account. + +However, there are cases where you put a short collection or function call in your code +but you anticipate it will grow in the future. + +For example: + +```py3 +TRANSLATIONS = { + "en_us": "English (US)", + "pl_pl": "polski", +} +``` + +Early versions of _Black_ used to ruthlessly collapse those into one line (it fits!). +Now, you can communicate that you don't want that by putting a trailing comma in the +collection yourself. When you do, _Black_ will know to always explode your collection +into one item per line. + +How do you make it stop? Just delete that trailing comma and _Black_ will collapse your +collection into one line if it fits. + +### r"strings" and R"strings" + +_Black_ normalizes string quotes as well as string prefixes, making them lowercase. One +exception to this rule is r-strings. It turns out that the very popular +[MagicPython](https://github.com/MagicStack/MagicPython/) syntax highlighter, used by +default by (among others) GitHub and Visual Studio Code, differentiates between +r-strings and R-strings. The former are syntax highlighted as regular expressions while +the latter are treated as true raw strings with no special semantics. + ## pyproject.toml _Black_ is able to read project-specific default values for its command line options @@ -688,7 +738,7 @@ Configuration: To install with [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug): ``` -Plug 'psf/black' +Plug 'psf/black', { 'branch': 'stable' } ``` or with [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim): @@ -697,8 +747,15 @@ or with [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim): Plugin 'psf/black' ``` +and execute the following in a terminal: + +```console +$ cd ~/.vim/bundle/black +$ git checkout origin/stable -b stable +``` + or you can copy the plugin from -[plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/psf/black/tree/master/plugin/black.vim). +[plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/stable/plugin/black.vim). ``` mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/python/start/black/plugin @@ -733,9 +790,9 @@ nnoremap :Black ``` **How to get Vim with Python 3.6?** On Ubuntu 17.10 Vim comes with Python 3.6 by -default. On macOS with Homebrew run: `brew install vim --with-python3`. When building -Vim from source, use: `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides -online how to do this. +default. On macOS with Homebrew run: `brew install vim`. When building Vim from source, +use: `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how to do +this. ### Visual Studio Code @@ -772,6 +829,10 @@ hook global WinSetOption filetype=python %{ } ``` +### Thonny + +Use [Thonny-black-code-format](https://github.com/Franccisco/thonny-black-code-format). + ### Other editors Other editors will require external contributions. @@ -887,7 +948,9 @@ Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go. Avoid using `args` in the hook. Instead, store necessary configuration in `pyproject.toml` so that editors and command-line usage of Black all behave consistently -for your project. See _Black_'s own [pyproject.toml](/pyproject.toml) for an example. +for your project. See _Black_'s own +[pyproject.toml](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/pyproject.toml) for an +example. If you're already using Python 3.7, switch the `language_version` accordingly. Finally, `stable` is a tag that is pinned to the latest release on PyPI. If you'd rather run on @@ -920,7 +983,9 @@ then write the above files to `.cache/black//`. The following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs, SQLAlchemy, Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Pipenv, virtualenv), pandas, Pillow, every Datadog -Agent Integration. +Agent Integration, Home Assistant. + +The following organizations use _Black_: Dropbox. Are we missing anyone? Let us know. @@ -983,448 +1048,9 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Change Log -### 19.10b0 - -- added support for PEP 572 assignment expressions (#711) - -- added support for PEP 570 positional-only arguments (#943) - -- added support for async generators (#593) - -- added support for pre-splitting collections by putting an explicit trailing comma - inside (#826) - -- added `black -c` as a way to format code passed from the command line (#761) - -- --safe now works with Python 2 code (#840) - -- fixed grammar selection for Python 2-specific code (#765) - -- fixed feature detection for trailing commas in function definitions and call sites - (#763) - -- `# fmt: off`/`# fmt: on` comment pairs placed multiple times within the same block of - code now behave correctly (#1005) - -- _Black_ no longer crashes on Windows machines with more than 61 cores (#838) - -- _Black_ no longer crashes on standalone comments prepended with a backslash (#767) - -- _Black_ no longer crashes on `from` ... `import` blocks with comments (#829) - -- _Black_ no longer crashes on Python 3.7 on some platform configurations (#494) - -- _Black_ no longer fails on comments in from-imports (#671) - -- _Black_ no longer fails when the file starts with a backslash (#922) - -- _Black_ no longer merges regular comments with type comments (#1027) - -- _Black_ no longer splits long lines that contain type comments (#997) - -- removed unnecessary parentheses around `yield` expressions (#834) - -- added parentheses around long tuples in unpacking assignments (#832) - -- added parentheses around complex powers when they are prefixed by a unary operator - (#646) - -- fixed bug that led _Black_ format some code with a line length target of 1 (#762) - -- _Black_ no longer introduces quotes in f-string subexpressions on string boundaries - (#863) - -- if _Black_ puts parenthesis around a single expression, it moves comments to the - wrapped expression instead of after the brackets (#872) - -- `blackd` now returns the version of _Black_ in the response headers (#1013) - -- `blackd` can now output the diff of formats on source code when the `X-Diff` header is - provided (#969) - -### 19.3b0 - -- new option `--target-version` to control which Python versions _Black_-formatted code - should target (#618) - -- deprecated `--py36` (use `--target-version=py36` instead) (#724) - -- _Black_ no longer normalizes numeric literals to include `_` separators (#696) - -- long `del` statements are now split into multiple lines (#698) - -- type comments are no longer mangled in function signatures - -- improved performance of formatting deeply nested data structures (#509) - -- _Black_ now properly formats multiple files in parallel on Windows (#632) - -- _Black_ now creates cache files atomically which allows it to be used in parallel - pipelines (like `xargs -P8`) (#673) - -- _Black_ now correctly indents comments in files that were previously formatted with - tabs (#262) - -- `blackd` now supports CORS (#622) - -### 18.9b0 - -- numeric literals are now formatted by _Black_ (#452, #461, #464, #469): - - - numeric literals are normalized to include `_` separators on Python 3.6+ code - - - added `--skip-numeric-underscore-normalization` to disable the above behavior and - leave numeric underscores as they were in the input - - - code with `_` in numeric literals is recognized as Python 3.6+ - - - most letters in numeric literals are lowercased (e.g., in `1e10`, `0x01`) - - - hexadecimal digits are always uppercased (e.g. `0xBADC0DE`) - -- added `blackd`, see [its documentation](#blackd) for more info (#349) - -- adjacent string literals are now correctly split into multiple lines (#463) - -- trailing comma is now added to single imports that don't fit on a line (#250) - -- cache is now populated when `--check` is successful for a file which speeds up - consecutive checks of properly formatted unmodified files (#448) - -- whitespace at the beginning of the file is now removed (#399) - -- fixed mangling [pweave](http://mpastell.com/pweave/) and - [Spyder IDE](https://pythonhosted.org/spyder/) special comments (#532) - -- fixed unstable formatting when unpacking big tuples (#267) - -- fixed parsing of `__future__` imports with renames (#389) - -- fixed scope of `# fmt: off` when directly preceding `yield` and other nodes (#385) - -- fixed formatting of lambda expressions with default arguments (#468) - -- fixed `async for` statements: _Black_ no longer breaks them into separate lines (#372) - -- note: the Vim plugin stopped registering `,=` as a default chord as it turned out to - be a bad idea (#415) - -### 18.6b4 - -- hotfix: don't freeze when multiple comments directly precede `# fmt: off` (#371) - -### 18.6b3 - -- typing stub files (`.pyi`) now have blank lines added after constants (#340) - -- `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are now much more dependable: - - - they now work also within bracket pairs (#329) - - - they now correctly work across function/class boundaries (#335) - - - they now work when an indentation block starts with empty lines or misaligned - comments (#334) - -- made Click not fail on invalid environments; note that Click is right but the - likelihood we'll need to access non-ASCII file paths when dealing with Python source - code is low (#277) - -- fixed improper formatting of f-strings with quotes inside interpolated expressions - (#322) - -- fixed unnecessary slowdown when long list literals where found in a file - -- fixed unnecessary slowdown on AST nodes with very many siblings - -- fixed cannibalizing backslashes during string normalization - -- fixed a crash due to symbolic links pointing outside of the project directory (#338) - -### 18.6b2 - -- added `--config` (#65) - -- added `-h` equivalent to `--help` (#316) - -- fixed improper unmodified file caching when `-S` was used - -- fixed extra space in string unpacking (#305) - -- fixed formatting of empty triple quoted strings (#313) - -- fixed unnecessary slowdown in comment placement calculation on lines without comments - -### 18.6b1 - -- hotfix: don't output human-facing information on stdout (#299) - -- hotfix: don't output cake emoji on non-zero return code (#300) - -### 18.6b0 - -- added `--include` and `--exclude` (#270) - -- added `--skip-string-normalization` (#118) - -- added `--verbose` (#283) - -- the header output in `--diff` now actually conforms to the unified diff spec - -- fixed long trivial assignments being wrapped in unnecessary parentheses (#273) - -- fixed unnecessary parentheses when a line contained multiline strings (#232) - -- fixed stdin handling not working correctly if an old version of Click was used (#276) - -- _Black_ now preserves line endings when formatting a file in place (#258) - -### 18.5b1 - -- added `--pyi` (#249) - -- added `--py36` (#249) - -- Python grammar pickle caches are stored with the formatting caches, making _Black_ - work in environments where site-packages is not user-writable (#192) - -- _Black_ now enforces a PEP 257 empty line after a class-level docstring (and/or - fields) and the first method - -- fixed invalid code produced when standalone comments were present in a trailer that - was omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#237) - -- fixed optional parentheses being removed within `# fmt: off` sections (#224) - -- fixed invalid code produced when stars in very long imports were incorrectly wrapped - in optional parentheses (#234) - -- fixed unstable formatting when inline comments were moved around in a trailer that was - omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#238) - -- fixed extra empty line between a class declaration and the first method if no class - docstring or fields are present (#219) - -- fixed extra empty line between a function signature and an inner function or inner - class (#196) - -### 18.5b0 - -- call chains are now formatted according to the - [fluent interfaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface) style (#67) - -- data structure literals (tuples, lists, dictionaries, and sets) are now also always - exploded like imports when they don't fit in a single line (#152) - -- slices are now formatted according to PEP 8 (#178) - -- parentheses are now also managed automatically on the right-hand side of assignments - and return statements (#140) - -- math operators now use their respective priorities for delimiting multiline - expressions (#148) - -- optional parentheses are now omitted on expressions that start or end with a bracket - and only contain a single operator (#177) - -- empty parentheses in a class definition are now removed (#145, #180) - -- string prefixes are now standardized to lowercase and `u` is removed on Python 3.6+ - only code and Python 2.7+ code with the `unicode_literals` future import (#188, #198, - #199) - -- typing stub files (`.pyi`) are now formatted in a style that is consistent with PEP - 484 (#207, #210) - -- progress when reformatting many files is now reported incrementally - -- fixed trailers (content with brackets) being unnecessarily exploded into their own - lines after a dedented closing bracket (#119) - -- fixed an invalid trailing comma sometimes left in imports (#185) - -- fixed non-deterministic formatting when multiple pairs of removable parentheses were - used (#183) - -- fixed multiline strings being unnecessarily wrapped in optional parentheses in long - assignments (#215) - -- fixed not splitting long from-imports with only a single name - -- fixed Python 3.6+ file discovery by also looking at function calls with unpacking. - This fixed non-deterministic formatting if trailing commas where used both in function - signatures with stars and function calls with stars but the former would be - reformatted to a single line. - -- fixed crash on dealing with optional parentheses (#193) - -- fixed "is", "is not", "in", and "not in" not considered operators for splitting - purposes - -- fixed crash when dead symlinks where encountered - -### 18.4a4 - -- don't populate the cache on `--check` (#175) - -### 18.4a3 - -- added a "cache"; files already reformatted that haven't changed on disk won't be - reformatted again (#109) - -- `--check` and `--diff` are no longer mutually exclusive (#149) - -- generalized star expression handling, including double stars; this fixes - multiplication making expressions "unsafe" for trailing commas (#132) - -- _Black_ no longer enforces putting empty lines behind control flow statements (#90) - -- _Black_ now splits imports like "Mode 3 + trailing comma" of isort (#127) - -- fixed comment indentation when a standalone comment closes a block (#16, #32) - -- fixed standalone comments receiving extra empty lines if immediately preceding a - class, def, or decorator (#56, #154) - -- fixed `--diff` not showing entire path (#130) - -- fixed parsing of complex expressions after star and double stars in function calls - (#2) - -- fixed invalid splitting on comma in lambda arguments (#133) - -- fixed missing splits of ternary expressions (#141) - -### 18.4a2 - -- fixed parsing of unaligned standalone comments (#99, #112) - -- fixed placement of dictionary unpacking inside dictionary literals (#111) - -- Vim plugin now works on Windows, too - -- fixed unstable formatting when encountering unnecessarily escaped quotes in a string - (#120) - -### 18.4a1 - -- added `--quiet` (#78) - -- added automatic parentheses management (#4) - -- added [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com) integration (#103, #104) - -- fixed reporting on `--check` with multiple files (#101, #102) - -- fixed removing backslash escapes from raw strings (#100, #105) - -### 18.4a0 - -- added `--diff` (#87) - -- add line breaks before all delimiters, except in cases like commas, to better comply - with PEP 8 (#73) - -- standardize string literals to use double quotes (almost) everywhere (#75) - -- fixed handling of standalone comments within nested bracketed expressions; _Black_ - will no longer produce super long lines or put all standalone comments at the end of - the expression (#22) - -- fixed 18.3a4 regression: don't crash and burn on empty lines with trailing whitespace - (#80) - -- fixed 18.3a4 regression: `# yapf: disable` usage as trailing comment would cause - _Black_ to not emit the rest of the file (#95) - -- when CTRL+C is pressed while formatting many files, _Black_ no longer freaks out with - a flurry of asyncio-related exceptions - -- only allow up to two empty lines on module level and only single empty lines within - functions (#74) - -### 18.3a4 - -- `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are implemented (#5) - -- automatic detection of deprecated Python 2 forms of print statements and exec - statements in the formatted file (#49) - -- use proper spaces for complex expressions in default values of typed function - arguments (#60) - -- only return exit code 1 when --check is used (#50) - -- don't remove single trailing commas from square bracket indexing (#59) - -- don't omit whitespace if the previous factor leaf wasn't a math operator (#55) - -- omit extra space in kwarg unpacking if it's the first argument (#46) - -- omit extra space in - [Sphinx auto-attribute comments](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/ext/autodoc.html#directive-autoattribute) - (#68) - -### 18.3a3 - -- don't remove single empty lines outside of bracketed expressions (#19) - -- added ability to pipe formatting from stdin to stdin (#25) - -- restored ability to format code with legacy usage of `async` as a name (#20, #42) - -- even better handling of numpy-style array indexing (#33, again) - -### 18.3a2 - -- changed positioning of binary operators to occur at beginning of lines instead of at - the end, following - [a recent change to PEP 8](https://github.com/python/peps/commit/c59c4376ad233a62ca4b3a6060c81368bd21e85b) - (#21) - -- ignore empty bracket pairs while splitting. This avoids very weirdly looking - formattings (#34, #35) - -- remove a trailing comma if there is a single argument to a call - -- if top level functions were separated by a comment, don't put four empty lines after - the upper function - -- fixed unstable formatting of newlines with imports - -- fixed unintentional folding of post scriptum standalone comments into last statement - if it was a simple statement (#18, #28) - -- fixed missing space in numpy-style array indexing (#33) - -- fixed spurious space after star-based unary expressions (#31) - -### 18.3a1 - -- added `--check` - -- only put trailing commas in function signatures and calls if it's safe to do so. If - the file is Python 3.6+ it's always safe, otherwise only safe if there are no `*args` - or `**kwargs` used in the signature or call. (#8) - -- fixed invalid spacing of dots in relative imports (#6, #13) - -- fixed invalid splitting after comma on unpacked variables in for-loops (#23) - -- fixed spurious space in parenthesized set expressions (#7) - -- fixed spurious space after opening parentheses and in default arguments (#14, #17) - -- fixed spurious space after unary operators when the operand was a complex expression - (#15) - -### 18.3a0 - -- first published version, Happy 🍰 Day 2018! - -- alpha quality +The log's become rather long. It moved to its own file. -- date-versioned (see: https://calver.org/) +See [CHANGES](CHANGES.md). ## Authors @@ -1433,12 +1059,13 @@ Glued together by [Łukasz Langa](mailto:lukasz@langa.pl). Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com), [Carl Meyer](mailto:carl@oddbird.net), [Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com), -[Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io), and -[Zsolt Dollenstein](mailto:zsol.zsol@gmail.com). +[Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io), +[Zsolt Dollenstein](mailto:zsol.zsol@gmail.com), and +[Cooper Lees](mailto:me@cooperlees.com). Multiple contributions by: -- [Abdur-Rahmaan Janhangeer](mailto:cryptolabour@gmail.com) +- [Abdur-Rahmaan Janhangeer](mailto:arj.python@gmail.com) - [Adam Johnson](mailto:me@adamj.eu) - [Alexander Huynh](mailto:github@grande.coffee) - [Andrew Thorp](mailto:andrew.thorp.dev@gmail.com) @@ -1455,6 +1082,7 @@ Multiple contributions by: - Charles Reid - [Christian Heimes](mailto:christian@python.org) - [Chuck Wooters](mailto:chuck.wooters@microsoft.com) +- [Cooper Ry Lees](mailto:me@cooperlees.com) - [Daniel Hahler](mailto:github@thequod.de) - [Daniel M. Capella](mailto:polycitizen@gmail.com) - Daniele Esposti