X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/b38a3b94bde9a2f651fe1e9df452de0fd28eb577..a20a3eeb0f738d3434efe3be8932db11722757a4:/README.md?ds=inline diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 4d5f159..a898efa 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Build Status Documentation Status Coverage Status -License: MIT -PyPI +License: MIT +PyPI Code style: black

@@ -27,42 +27,39 @@ content instead. possible. -## NOTE: This is an early pre-release - -*Black* can already successfully format itself and the standard library. -It also sports a decent test suite. However, it is still very new. -Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the -"Alpha" trove classifier, as well as by the "a" in the version number. -What this means for you is that **until the formatter becomes stable, -you should expect some formatting to change in the future**. - -Also, as a temporary safety measure, *Black* will check that the -reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the -original. This slows it down. If you're feeling confident, use -``--fast``. +## Installation and Usage - -## Installation +### Installation *Black* can be installed by running `pip install black`. It requires Python 3.6.0+ to run but you can reformat Python 2 code with it, too. -*Black* is able to parse all of the new syntax supported on Python 3.6 -but also *effectively all* the Python 2 syntax at the same time. -## Usage +### Usage +To get started right away with sensible defaults: ``` +black {source_file_or_directory} +``` + +### Command line options + +Black doesn't provide many options. You can list them by running +`black --help`: + +```text black [OPTIONS] [SRC]... Options: -l, --line-length INTEGER Where to wrap around. [default: 88] - --check Don't write back the files, just return the + --check Don't write the files back, just return the status. Return code 0 means nothing would change. Return code 1 means some files would be reformatted. Return code 123 means there was an internal error. + --diff Don't write the files back, just output a diff + for each file on stdout. --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks. [default: --safe] --version Show the version and exit. @@ -78,7 +75,22 @@ Options: used). -## The philosophy behind *Black* +### NOTE: This is an early pre-release + +*Black* can already successfully format itself and the standard library. +It also sports a decent test suite. However, it is still very new. +Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the +"Alpha" trove classifier, as well as by the "a" in the version number. +What this means for you is that **until the formatter becomes stable, +you should expect some formatting to change in the future**. + +Also, as a temporary safety measure, *Black* will check that the +reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the +original. This slows it down. If you're feeling confident, use +``--fast``. + + +## The *Black* code style *Black* reformats entire files in place. It is not configurable. It doesn't take previous formatting into account. It doesn't reformat @@ -87,12 +99,13 @@ recognizes [YAPF](https://github.com/google/yapf)'s block comments to the same effect, as a courtesy for straddling code. -### How *Black* formats files +### How *Black* wraps lines *Black* ignores previous formatting and applies uniform horizontal and vertical whitespace to your code. The rules for horizontal whitespace are pretty obvious and can be summarized as: do whatever -makes `pycodestyle` happy. +makes `pycodestyle` happy. The coding style used by *Black* can be +viewed as a strict subset of PEP 8. As for vertical whitespace, *Black* tries to render one full expression or simple statement per line. If this fits the allotted line length, @@ -148,7 +161,7 @@ def very_important_function( debug: bool = False, ): """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" - with open(file, 'w') as f: + with open(file, "w") as f: ... ``` @@ -160,20 +173,6 @@ between two distinct sections of the code that otherwise share the same indentation level (like the arguments list and the docstring in the example above). -Unnecessary trailing commas are removed if an expression fits in one -line. This makes it 1% more likely that your line won't exceed the -allotted line length limit. - -*Black* avoids spurious vertical whitespace. This is in the spirit of -PEP 8 which says that in-function vertical whitespace should only be -used sparingly. One exception is control flow statements: *Black* will -always emit an extra empty line after ``return``, ``raise``, ``break``, -``continue``, and ``yield``. This is to make changes in control flow -more prominent to readers of your code. - -That's it. The rest of the whitespace formatting rules follow PEP 8 and -are designed to keep `pycodestyle` quiet. - ### Line length @@ -214,10 +213,17 @@ bother you if you overdo it by a few km/h". ### Empty lines -*Black* will allow single empty lines left by the original editors, -except when they're added within parenthesized expressions. Since such -expressions are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace -is lost. +*Black* avoids spurious vertical whitespace. This is in the spirit of +PEP 8 which says that in-function vertical whitespace should only be +used sparingly. One exception is control flow statements: *Black* will +always emit an extra empty line after ``return``, ``raise``, ``break``, +``continue``, and ``yield``. This is to make changes in control flow +more prominent to readers of your code. + +*Black* will allow single empty lines inside functions, and single and +double empty lines on module level left by the original editors, except +when they're within parenthesized expressions. Since such expressions +are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace is lost. It will also insert proper spacing before and after function definitions. It's one line before and after inner functions and two lines before and @@ -228,9 +234,101 @@ entire function, use a docstring or put a leading comment in the function body. -### Editor integration +### Trailing commas + +*Black* will add trailing commas to expressions that are split +by comma where each element is on its own line. This includes function +signatures. + +Unnecessary trailing commas are removed if an expression fits in one +line. This makes it 1% more likely that your line won't exceed the +allotted line length limit. Moreover, in this scenario, if you added +another argument to your call, you'd probably fit it in the same line +anyway. That doesn't make diffs any larger. + +One exception to removing trailing commas is tuple expressions with +just one element. In this case *Black* won't touch the single trailing +comma as this would unexpectedly change the underlying data type. Note +that this is also the case when commas are used while indexing. This is +a tuple in disguise: ```numpy_array[3, ]```. + +One exception to adding trailing commas is function signatures +containing `*`, `*args`, or `**kwargs`. In this case a trailing comma +is only safe to use on Python 3.6. *Black* will detect if your file is +already 3.6+ only and use trailing commas in this situation. If you +wonder how it knows, it looks for f-strings and existing use of trailing +commas in function signatures that have stars in them. In other words, +if you'd like a trailing comma in this situation and *Black* didn't +recognize it was safe to do so, put it there manually and *Black* will +keep it. + +### Strings + +*Black* prefers double quotes (`"` and `"""`), but only if this does not +result in more escaping. It will remove escape sequences as necessary as +part of moving to the other type of quote. This applies to all kinds of +prefixed strings, including *raw-strings* (`r""`), *byte literals* (`b""`), +and *formatted strings* (`f""`). The approach above strikes a good balance +between consistency and legibility. + + +## Editor integration + +### Emacs + +Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken). + + +### Vim + +Commands and shortcuts: + +* `,=` or `:Black` to format the entire file (ranges not supported); +* `:BlackUpgrade` to upgrade *Black* inside the virtualenv; +* `:BlackVersion` to get the current version of *Black* inside the + virtualenv. + +Configuration: +* `g:black_fast` (defaults to `0`) +* `g:black_linelength` (defaults to `88`) +* `g:black_virtualenv` (defaults to `~/.vim/black`) + +To install, copy the plugin from [vim/plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/ambv/black/tree/master/vim/plugin/black.vim). +Let me know if this requires any changes to work with Vim 8's builtin +`packadd`, or Pathogen, or Vundle, and so on. + +This plugin **requires Vim 7.0+ built with Python 3.6+ support**. It +needs Python 3.6 to be able to run *Black* inside the Vim process which +is much faster than calling an external command. -* Visual Studio Code: [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode) +On first run, the plugin creates its own virtualenv using the right +Python version and automatically installs *Black*. You can upgrade it later +by calling `:BlackUpgrade` and restarting Vim. + +If you need to do anything special to make your virtualenv work and +install *Black* (for example you want to run a version from master), just +create a virtualenv manually and point `g:black_virtualenv` to it. +The plugin will use it. + +**How to get Vim with Python 3.6?** +On Ubuntu 17.10 Vim comes with Python 3.6 by default. +On macOS with HomeBrew run: `brew install vim --with-python3`. +When building Vim from source, use: +`./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how +to do this. + + +### Visual Studio Code + +Use [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode). + + +### Other editors + +Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will +require external contributions. + +Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨ Any tool that can pipe code through *Black* using its stdio mode (just [use `-` as the file name](http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/special-chars.html#DASHREF2)). @@ -238,11 +336,7 @@ The formatted code will be returned on stdout (unless `--check` was passed). *Black* will still emit messages on stderr but that shouldn't affect your use case. -There is currently no integration with any other text editors. Vim and -Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will require -external contributions. - -Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨ +This can be used for example with PyCharm's [File Watchers](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/file-watchers.html). ## Testimonials @@ -282,7 +376,7 @@ Looks like this: [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style MIT -## Contributing +## Contributing to Black In terms of inspiration, *Black* is about as configurable as *gofmt* and *rustfmt* are. This is deliberate. @@ -300,6 +394,27 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Change Log +### 18.3a5 (unreleased) + +* added `--diff` (#87) + +* add line breaks before all delimiters, except in cases like commas, to better + comply with PEP 8 (#73) + +* fixed handling of standalone comments within nested bracketed + expressions; Black will no longer produce super long lines or put all + standalone comments at the end of the expression (#22) + +* fixed 18.3a4 regression: don't crash and burn on empty lines with + trailing whitespace (#80) + +* when CTRL+C is pressed while formatting many files, Black no longer + freaks out with a flurry of asyncio-related exceptions + +* only allow up to two empty lines on module level and only single empty + lines within functions (#74) + + ### 18.3a4 * `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are implemented (#5) @@ -396,3 +511,14 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Authors Glued together by [Łukasz Langa](mailto:lukasz@langa.pl). + +Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com) +and [Carl Meyer](mailto:carl@oddbird.net). + +Multiple contributions by: +* [Artem Malyshev](mailto:proofit404@gmail.com) +* [Daniel M. Capella](mailto:polycitizen@gmail.com) +* [Eli Treuherz](mailto:eli.treuherz@cgi.com) +* Hugo van Kemenade +* [Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io) +* [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com)