X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/cf6f577928f5a1f4e98b02b8e723311cae830305..205f3b67fbddc7ba0fa330c0493821e404451b82:/README.md?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 014780b..44f2d20 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,399 +1,686 @@ -# black +![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/black/master/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png) -[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ambv/black.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ambv/black) ![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/github/license/ambv/black.svg) ![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/black.svg) [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +

The Uncompromising Code Formatter

-> Any color you like. +

+Build Status +Actions Status +Actions Status +Documentation Status +Coverage Status +License: MIT +PyPI +Downloads +Code style: black +

+> “Any color you like.” -*Black* is the uncompromising Python code formatter. By using it, you -agree to cease control over minutiae of hand-formatting. In return, -*Black* gives you speed, determinism, and freedom from `pycodestyle` -nagging about formatting. You will save time and mental energy for -more important matters. +_Black_ is the uncompromising Python code formatter. By using it, you agree to cede +control over minutiae of hand-formatting. In return, _Black_ gives you speed, +determinism, and freedom from `pycodestyle` nagging about formatting. You will save time +and mental energy for more important matters. -Blackened code looks the same regardless of the project you're reading. -Formatting becomes transparent after a while and you can focus on the -content instead. +Blackened code looks the same regardless of the project you're reading. Formatting +becomes transparent after a while and you can focus on the content instead. -*Black* makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs -possible. +_Black_ makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs possible. +Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). Watch the +[PyCon 2019 talk](https://youtu.be/esZLCuWs_2Y) to learn more. -## NOTE: This is an early pre-release +--- -*Black* can already successfully format itself and the standard library. -It also sports a decent test suite. However, it is still very new. -Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the -"Alpha" trove classifier, as well as by the "a" in the version number. -What this means for you is that **until the formatter becomes stable, -you should expect some formatting to change in the future**. +_Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** | +**[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)** | +**[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** | +**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[black-primer](#black-primer)** | +**[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** | +**[GitHub Actions](#github-actions)** | +**[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)** | +**[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** | +**[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** | **[Change log](#change-log)** | +**[Authors](#authors)** -Also, as a temporary safety measure, *Black* will check that the -reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the -original. This slows it down. If you're feeling confident, use -``--fast``. +--- +## Installation and usage -## Usage +### Installation -*Black* can be installed by running `pip install black`. +_Black_ can be installed by running `pip install black`. It requires Python 3.6.0+ to +run but you can reformat Python 2 code with it, too. -``` -black [OPTIONS] [SRC]... - -Options: - -l, --line-length INTEGER Where to wrap around. [default: 88] - --check Don't write back the files, just return the - status. Return code 0 means nothing would - change. Return code 1 means some files would be - reformatted. Return code 123 means there was an - internal error. - --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks. - [default: --safe] - --version Show the version and exit. - --help Show this message and exit. -``` - -`Black` is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool: -* it does nothing if no sources are passed to it; -* it will read from standard input and write to standard output if `-` - is used as the filename; -* it only outputs messages to users on standard error; -* exits with code 0 unless an internal error occured (or `--check` was - used). - - -## The philosophy behind *Black* +#### Install from GitHub -*Black* reformats entire files in place. It is not configurable. It -doesn't take previous formatting into account. It doesn't reformat -blocks that start with `# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. It also -recognizes [YAPF](https://github.com/google/yapf)'s block comments to -the same effect, as a courtesy for straddling code. +If you can't wait for the latest _hotness_ and want to install from GitHub, use: +`pip install git+git://github.com/psf/black` -### How *Black* formats files +### Usage -*Black* ignores previous formatting and applies uniform horizontal -and vertical whitespace to your code. The rules for horizontal -whitespace are pretty obvious and can be summarized as: do whatever -makes `pycodestyle` happy. +To get started right away with sensible defaults: -As for vertical whitespace, *Black* tries to render one full expression -or simple statement per line. If this fits the allotted line length, -great. -```py3 -# in: - -l = [1, - 2, - 3, -] - -# out: - -l = [1, 2, 3] +```sh +black {source_file_or_directory} ``` -If not, *Black* will look at the contents of the first outer matching -brackets and put that in a separate indented line. -```py3 -# in: - -l = [[n for n in list_bosses()], [n for n in list_employees()]] +You can run _Black_ as a package if running it as a script doesn't work: -# out: - -l = [ - [n for n in list_bosses()], [n for n in list_employees()] -] +```sh +python -m black {source_file_or_directory} ``` -If that still doesn't fit the bill, it will decompose the internal -expression further using the same rule, indenting matching brackets -every time. If the contents of the matching brackets pair are -comma-separated (like an argument list, or a dict literal, and so on) -then *Black* will first try to keep them on the same line with the -matching brackets. If that doesn't work, it will put all of them in -separate lines. -```py3 -# in: - -def very_important_function(template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, debug: bool = False): - """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" - with open(file, 'w') as f: - ... - -# out: - -def very_important_function( - template: str, - *variables, - file: os.PathLike, - debug: bool = False, -): - """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" - with open(file, 'w') as f: - ... -``` +### Command line options -You might have noticed that closing brackets are always dedented and -that a trailing comma is always added. Such formatting produces smaller -diffs; when you add or remove an element, it's always just one line. -Also, having the closing bracket dedented provides a clear delimiter -between two distinct sections of the code that otherwise share the same -indentation level (like the arguments list and the docstring in the -example above). - -Unnecessary trailing commas are removed if an expression fits in one -line. This makes it 1% more likely that your line won't exceed the -allotted line length limit. - -*Black* avoids spurious vertical whitespace. This is in the spirit of -PEP 8 which says that in-function vertical whitespace should only be -used sparingly. One exception is control flow statements: *Black* will -always emit an extra empty line after ``return``, ``raise``, ``break``, -``continue``, and ``yield``. This is to make changes in control flow -more prominent to readers of your code. - -That's it. The rest of the whitespace formatting rules follow PEP 8 and -are designed to keep `pycodestyle` quiet. - - -### Line length - -You probably noticed the peculiar default line length. *Black* defaults -to 88 characters per line, which happens to be 10% over 80. This number -was found to produce significantly shorter files than sticking with 80 -(the most popular), or even 79 (used by the standard library). In -general, [90-ish seems like the wise choice](https://youtu.be/wf-BqAjZb8M?t=260). - -If you're paid by the line of code you write, you can pass -`--line-length` with a lower number. *Black* will try to respect that. -However, sometimes it won't be able to without breaking other rules. In -those rare cases, auto-formatted code will exceed your allotted limit. - -You can also increase it, but remember that people with sight disabilities -find it harder to work with line lengths exceeding 100 characters. -It also adversely affects side-by-side diff review on typical screen -resolutions. Long lines also make it harder to present code neatly -in documentation or talk slides. - -If you're using Flake8, you can bump `max-line-length` to 88 and forget -about it. Alternatively, use [Bugbear](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear)'s -B950 warning instead of E501 and keep the max line length at 80 which -you are probably already using. You'd do it like this: -```ini -[flake8] -max-line-length = 80 -... -select = C,E,F,W,B,B950 -ignore = E501 -``` +_Black_ doesn't provide many options. You can list them by running `black --help`: -You'll find *Black*'s own .flake8 config file is configured like this. -If you're curious about the reasoning behind B950, Bugbear's documentation -explains it. The tl;dr is "it's like highway speed limits, we won't -bother you if you overdo it by a few km/h". +```text +Usage: black [OPTIONS] [SRC]... + The uncompromising code formatter. -### Empty lines - -*Black* will allow single empty lines left by the original editors, -except when they're added within parenthesized expressions. Since such -expressions are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace -is lost. - -It will also insert proper spacing before and after function definitions. -It's one line before and after inner functions and two lines before and -after module-level functions. *Black* will put those empty lines also -between the function definition and any standalone comments that -immediately precede the given function. If you want to comment on the -entire function, use a docstring or put a leading comment in the function -body. - - -### Editor integration +Options: + -c, --code TEXT Format the code passed in as a string. + -l, --line-length INTEGER How many characters per line to allow. + [default: 88] + + -t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38] + Python versions that should be supported by + Black's output. [default: per-file auto- + detection] + + --pyi Format all input files like typing stubs + regardless of file extension (useful when + piping source on standard input). + + -S, --skip-string-normalization + Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes. + --check Don't write the files back, just return the + status. Return code 0 means nothing would + change. Return code 1 means some files + would be reformatted. Return code 123 means + there was an internal error. + + --diff Don't write the files back, just output a + diff for each file on stdout. + + --color / --no-color Show colored diff. Only applies when + `--diff` is given. + + --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity + checks. [default: --safe] + + --include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and + directories that should be included on + recursive searches. An empty value means + all files are included regardless of the + name. Use forward slashes for directories + on all platforms (Windows, too). Exclusions + are calculated first, inclusions later. + [default: \.pyi?$] + + --exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and + directories that should be excluded on + recursive searches. An empty value means no + paths are excluded. Use forward slashes for + directories on all platforms (Windows, too). + Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions + later. [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy + _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|\.svn|_build|buck- + out|build|dist)/] + + --force-exclude TEXT Like --exclude, but files and directories + matching this regex will be excluded even + when they are passed explicitly as arguments + + -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. + Errors are still emitted; silence those with + 2>/dev/null. + + -v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files + that were not changed or were ignored due to + --exclude=. + + --version Show the version and exit. + --config FILE Read configuration from FILE path. + -h, --help Show this message and exit. +``` -* Visual Studio Code: [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode) +_Black_ is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool: -Any tool that can pipe code through *Black* using its stdio mode (just -[use `-` as the file name](http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/special-chars.html#DASHREF2)). -The formatted code will be returned on stdout (unless `--check` was -passed). *Black* will still emit messages on stderr but that shouldn't -affect your use case. +- it does nothing if no sources are passed to it; +- it will read from standard input and write to standard output if `-` is used as the + filename; +- it only outputs messages to users on standard error; +- exits with code 0 unless an internal error occurred (or `--check` was used). -There is currently no integration with any other text editors. Vim and -Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will require -external contributions. +### Using _Black_ with other tools -Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨ +While _Black_ enforces formatting that conforms to PEP 8, other tools may raise warnings +about _Black_'s changes or will overwrite _Black_'s changes. A good example of this is +[isort](https://pypi.org/p/isort). Since _Black_ is barely configurable, these tools +should be configured to neither warn about nor overwrite _Black_'s changes. +Actual details on _Black_ compatible configurations for various tools can be found in +[compatible_configs](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/compatible_configs.md). -## Testimonials +### Migrating your code style without ruining git blame -**Dusty Phillips**, [writer](https://smile.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=dusty+phillips): +A long-standing argument against moving to automated code formatters like _Black_ is +that the migration will clutter up the output of `git blame`. This was a valid argument, +but since Git version 2.23, Git natively supports +[ignoring revisions in blame](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame#Documentation/git-blame.txt---ignore-revltrevgt) +with the `--ignore-rev` option. You can also pass a file listing the revisions to ignore +using the `--ignore-revs-file` option. The changes made by the revision will be ignored +when assigning blame. Lines modified by an ignored revision will be blamed on the +previous revision that modified those lines. -> Black is opinionated so you don't have to be. +So when migrating your project's code style to _Black_, reformat everything and commit +the changes (preferably in one massive commit). Then put the full 40 characters commit +identifier(s) into a file. -**Hynek Schlawack**, [creator of `attrs`](http://www.attrs.org/), core -developer of Twisted and CPython: - -> An auto-formatter that doesn't suck is all I want for Xmas! +``` +# Migrate code style to Black +5b4ab991dede475d393e9d69ec388fd6bd949699 +``` -**Carl Meyer**, [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) core developer: +Afterwards, you can pass that file to `git blame` and see clean and meaningful blame +information. -> At least the name is good. +```console +$ git blame important.py --ignore-revs-file .git-blame-ignore-revs +7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 1) def very_important_function(text, file): +abdfd8b0 (Alice Doe 2019-09-23 11:39:32 -0400 2) text = text.lstrip() +7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 3) with open(file, "r+") as f: +7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 4) f.write(formatted) +``` -**Kenneth Reitz**, creator of [`requests`](http://python-requests.org/) -and [`pipenv`](https://docs.pipenv.org/): +You can even configure `git` to automatically ignore revisions listed in a file on every +call to `git blame`. -> This vastly improves the formatting of our code. Thanks a ton! +```console +$ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs +``` +**The one caveat is that GitHub and GitLab do not yet support ignoring revisions using +their native UI of blame.** So blame information will be cluttered with a reformatting +commit on those platforms. (If you'd like this feature, there's an open issue for +[GitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/31423) and please let GitHub +know!) -## Show your style +### NOTE: This is a beta product -Use the badge in your project's README.md: - -```markdown -[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +_Black_ is already [successfully used](#used-by) by many projects, small and big. It +also sports a decent test suite. However, it is still very new. Things will probably be +wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the "Beta" trove classifier, as well as by +the "b" in the version number. What this means for you is that **until the formatter +becomes stable, you should expect some formatting to change in the future**. That being +said, no drastic stylistic changes are planned, mostly responses to bug reports. + +Also, as a temporary safety measure, _Black_ will check that the reformatted code still +produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the original. This slows it down. If you're +feeling confident, use `--fast`. + +## The _Black_ code style + +_Black_ is a PEP 8 compliant opinionated formatter. _Black_ reformats entire files in +place. It is not configurable. It doesn't take previous formatting into account. Your +main option of configuring _Black_ is that it doesn't reformat blocks that start with +`# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. `# fmt: on/off` have to be on the same level of +indentation. To learn more about _Black_'s opinions, to go +[the_black_code_style](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/the_black_code_style.md). + +Please refer to this document before submitting an issue. What seems like a bug might be +intended behaviour. + +## Pragmatism + +Early versions of _Black_ used to be absolutist in some respects. They took after its +initial author. This was fine at the time as it made the implementation simpler and +there were not many users anyway. Not many edge cases were reported. As a mature tool, +_Black_ does make some exceptions to rules it otherwise holds. This +[section](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/the_black_code_style.md#pragmatism) +of `the_black_code_style` describes what those exceptions are and why this is the case. + +Please refer to this document before submitting an issue just like with the document +above. What seems like a bug might be intended behaviour. + +## pyproject.toml + +_Black_ is able to read project-specific default values for its command line options +from a `pyproject.toml` file. This is especially useful for specifying custom +`--include` and `--exclude` patterns for your project. + +**Pro-tip**: If you're asking yourself "Do I need to configure anything?" the answer is +"No". _Black_ is all about sensible defaults. + +### What on Earth is a `pyproject.toml` file? + +[PEP 518](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/) defines `pyproject.toml` as a +configuration file to store build system requirements for Python projects. With the help +of tools like [Poetry](https://python-poetry.org/) or +[Flit](https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) it can fully replace the need for +`setup.py` and `setup.cfg` files. + +### Where _Black_ looks for the file + +By default _Black_ looks for `pyproject.toml` starting from the common base directory of +all files and directories passed on the command line. If it's not there, it looks in +parent directories. It stops looking when it finds the file, or a `.git` directory, or a +`.hg` directory, or the root of the file system, whichever comes first. + +If you're formatting standard input, _Black_ will look for configuration starting from +the current working directory. + +You can also explicitly specify the path to a particular file that you want with +`--config`. In this situation _Black_ will not look for any other file. + +If you're running with `--verbose`, you will see a blue message if a file was found and +used. + +Please note `blackd` will not use `pyproject.toml` configuration. + +### Configuration format + +As the file extension suggests, `pyproject.toml` is a +[TOML](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml) file. It contains separate sections for +different tools. _Black_ is using the `[tool.black]` section. The option keys are the +same as long names of options on the command line. + +Note that you have to use single-quoted strings in TOML for regular expressions. It's +the equivalent of r-strings in Python. Multiline strings are treated as verbose regular +expressions by Black. Use `[ ]` to denote a significant space character. + +
+Example pyproject.toml + +```toml +[tool.black] +line-length = 88 +target-version = ['py37'] +include = '\.pyi?$' +exclude = ''' + +( + /( + \.eggs # exclude a few common directories in the + | \.git # root of the project + | \.hg + | \.mypy_cache + | \.tox + | \.venv + | _build + | buck-out + | build + | dist + )/ + | foo.py # also separately exclude a file named foo.py in + # the root of the project +) +''' ``` -Looks like this: [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +
+### Lookup hierarchy +Command-line options have defaults that you can see in `--help`. A `pyproject.toml` can +override those defaults. Finally, options provided by the user on the command line +override both. -## Tests +_Black_ will only ever use one `pyproject.toml` file during an entire run. It doesn't +look for multiple files, and doesn't compose configuration from different levels of the +file hierarchy. -Just run: +## Editor integration -``` -python setup.py test -``` - -## This tool requires Python 3.6.0+ to run +_Black_ can be integrated into many editors with plugins. They let you run _Black_ on +your code with the ease of doing it in your editor. To get started using _Black_ in your +editor of choice, please see +[editor_integration](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/editor_integration.md). -But you can reformat Python 2 code with it, too. *Black* is able to parse -all of the new syntax supported on Python 3.6 but also *effectively all* -the Python 2 syntax at the same time. +Patches are welcome for editors without an editor integration or plugin! More +information can be found in +[editor_integration](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/editor_integration.md#other-editors). -By making the code exclusively Python 3.6+, I'm able to focus on the -quality of the formatting and re-use all the nice features of the new -releases (check out [pathlib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html) or -f-strings) instead of wasting cycles on Unicode compatibility, and so on. +## blackd +`blackd` is a small HTTP server that exposes Black's functionality over a simple +protocol. The main benefit of using it is to avoid paying the cost of starting up a new +Black process every time you want to blacken a file. Please refer to +[blackd](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/blackd.md) to get the ball +rolling. -## License +## black-primer -MIT +`black-primer` is a tool built for CI (and humans) to have _Black_ `--check` a number of +(configured in `primer.json`) Git accessible projects in parallel. +[black_primer](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/black_primer.md) has more +information regarding its usage and configuration. +(A PR adding Mercurial support will be accepted.) -## Contributing +## Version control integration -In terms of inspiration, *Black* is about as configurable as *gofmt* and -*rustfmt* are. This is deliberate. +Use [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/). Once you +[have it installed](https://pre-commit.com/#install), add this to the +`.pre-commit-config.yaml` in your repository: -Bug reports and fixes are always welcome! However, before you suggest a -new feature or configuration knob, ask yourself why you want it. If it -enables better integration with some workflow, fixes an inconsistency, -speeds things up, and so on - go for it! On the other hand, if your -answer is "because I don't like a particular formatting" then you're not -ready to embrace *Black* yet. Such changes are unlikely to get accepted. -You can still try but prepare to be disappointed. +```yaml +repos: + - repo: https://github.com/psf/black + rev: 19.10b0 # Replace by any tag/version: https://github.com/psf/black/tags + hooks: + - id: black + language_version: python3 # Should be a command that runs python3.6+ +``` -More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). +Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go. +Avoid using `args` in the hook. Instead, store necessary configuration in +`pyproject.toml` so that editors and command-line usage of Black all behave consistently +for your project. See _Black_'s own +[pyproject.toml](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/pyproject.toml) for an +example. -## Change Log +If you're already using Python 3.7, switch the `language_version` accordingly. Finally, +`stable` is a branch that tracks the latest release on PyPI. If you'd rather run on +master, this is also an option. -### 18.3a4 (unreleased) +## GitHub Actions -* automatic detection of deprecated Python 2 forms of print statements - and exec statements in the formatted file (#49) +Create a file named `.github/workflows/black.yml` inside your repository with: -* use proper spaces for complex expressions in default values of typed - function arguments (#60) +```yaml +name: Lint -* only return exit code 1 when --check is used (#50) +on: [push, pull_request] -* don't remove single trailing commas from square bracket indexing - (#59) +jobs: + lint: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + - uses: psf/black@stable +``` -* don't omit whitespace if the previous factor leaf wasn't a math - operator (#55) +## Ignoring unmodified files -* omit extra space in kwarg unpacking if it's the first argument (#46) +_Black_ remembers files it has already formatted, unless the `--diff` flag is used or +code is passed via standard input. This information is stored per-user. The exact +location of the file depends on the _Black_ version and the system on which _Black_ is +run. The file is non-portable. The standard location on common operating systems is: +- Windows: + `C:\\Users\\AppData\Local\black\black\Cache\\cache...pickle` +- macOS: + `/Users//Library/Caches/black//cache...pickle` +- Linux: + `/home//.cache/black//cache...pickle` -### 18.3a3 +`file-mode` is an int flag that determines whether the file was formatted as 3.6+ only, +as .pyi, and whether string normalization was omitted. -* don't remove single empty lines outside of bracketed expressions - (#19) +To override the location of these files on macOS or Linux, set the environment variable +`XDG_CACHE_HOME` to your preferred location. For example, if you want to put the cache +in the directory you're running _Black_ from, set `XDG_CACHE_HOME=.cache`. _Black_ will +then write the above files to `.cache/black//`. -* added ability to pipe formatting from stdin to stdin (#25) +## Used by -* restored ability to format code with legacy usage of `async` as - a name (#20, #42) +The following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent +code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs, SQLAlchemy, +Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Bandersnatch, Pipenv, virtualenv), pandas, Pillow, +every Datadog Agent Integration, Home Assistant. -* even better handling of numpy-style array indexing (#33, again) +The following organizations use _Black_: Facebook, Dropbox, Mozilla, Quora. +Are we missing anyone? Let us know. -### 18.3a2 +## Testimonials -* changed positioning of binary operators to occur at beginning of lines - instead of at the end, following [a recent change to PEP8](https://github.com/python/peps/commit/c59c4376ad233a62ca4b3a6060c81368bd21e85b) - (#21) +**Dusty Phillips**, +[writer](https://smile.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=dusty+phillips): -* ignore empty bracket pairs while splitting. This avoids very weirdly - looking formattings (#34, #35) +> _Black_ is opinionated so you don't have to be. -* remove a trailing comma if there is a single argument to a call +**Hynek Schlawack**, [creator of `attrs`](https://www.attrs.org/), core developer of +Twisted and CPython: -* if top level functions were separated by a comment, don't put four - empty lines after the upper function +> An auto-formatter that doesn't suck is all I want for Xmas! -* fixed unstable formatting of newlines with imports +**Carl Meyer**, [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) core developer: -* fixed unintentional folding of post scriptum standalone comments - into last statement if it was a simple statement (#18, #28) +> At least the name is good. -* fixed missing space in numpy-style array indexing (#33) +**Kenneth Reitz**, creator of [`requests`](http://python-requests.org/) and +[`pipenv`](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pipenv/): -* fixed spurious space after star-based unary expressions (#31) +> This vastly improves the formatting of our code. Thanks a ton! +## Show your style -### 18.3a1 +Use the badge in your project's README.md: -* added `--check` +```md +[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black) +``` -* only put trailing commas in function signatures and calls if it's - safe to do so. If the file is Python 3.6+ it's always safe, otherwise - only safe if there are no `*args` or `**kwargs` used in the signature - or call. (#8) +Using the badge in README.rst: -* fixed invalid spacing of dots in relative imports (#6, #13) +``` +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg + :target: https://github.com/psf/black +``` -* fixed invalid splitting after comma on unpacked variables in for-loops - (#23) +Looks like this: +[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black) -* fixed spurious space in parenthesized set expressions (#7) +## License -* fixed spurious space after opening parentheses and in default - arguments (#14, #17) +MIT -* fixed spurious space after unary operators when the operand was - a complex expression (#15) +## Contributing to _Black_ +In terms of inspiration, _Black_ is about as configurable as _gofmt_. This is +deliberate. -### 18.3a0 +Bug reports and fixes are always welcome! However, before you suggest a new feature or +configuration knob, ask yourself why you want it. If it enables better integration with +some workflow, fixes an inconsistency, speeds things up, and so on - go for it! On the +other hand, if your answer is "because I don't like a particular formatting" then you're +not ready to embrace _Black_ yet. Such changes are unlikely to get accepted. You can +still try but prepare to be disappointed. -* first published version, Happy 🍰 Day 2018! +More details can be found in +[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). -* alpha quality +## Change log -* date-versioned (see: https://calver.org/) +The log's become rather long. It moved to its own file. +See [CHANGES](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/CHANGES.md). ## Authors Glued together by [Łukasz Langa](mailto:lukasz@langa.pl). + +Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com), +[Carl Meyer](mailto:carl@oddbird.net), +[Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com), +[Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io), +[Zsolt Dollenstein](mailto:zsol.zsol@gmail.com), and +[Cooper Lees](mailto:me@cooperlees.com). + +Multiple contributions by: + +- [Abdur-Rahmaan Janhangeer](mailto:arj.python@gmail.com) +- [Adam Johnson](mailto:me@adamj.eu) +- [Adam Williamson](mailto:adamw@happyassassin.net) +- [Alexander Huynh](mailto:github@grande.coffee) +- [Alex Vandiver](mailto:github@chmrr.net) +- [Allan Simon](mailto:allan.simon@supinfo.com) +- Anders-Petter Ljungquist +- [Andrew Thorp](mailto:andrew.thorp.dev@gmail.com) +- [Andrew Zhou](mailto:andrewfzhou@gmail.com) +- [Andrey](mailto:dyuuus@yandex.ru) +- [Andy Freeland](mailto:andy@andyfreeland.net) +- [Anthony Sottile](mailto:asottile@umich.edu) +- [Arjaan Buijk](mailto:arjaan.buijk@gmail.com) +- [Arnav Borbornah](mailto:arnavborborah11@gmail.com) +- [Artem Malyshev](mailto:proofit404@gmail.com) +- [Asger Hautop Drewsen](mailto:asgerdrewsen@gmail.com) +- [Augie Fackler](mailto:raf@durin42.com) +- [Aviskar KC](mailto:aviskarkc10@gmail.com) +- Batuhan Taşkaya +- [Benjamin Wohlwend](mailto:bw@piquadrat.ch) +- [Benjamin Woodruff](mailto:github@benjam.info) +- [Bharat Raghunathan](mailto:bharatraghunthan9767@gmail.com) +- [Brandt Bucher](mailto:brandtbucher@gmail.com) +- [Brett Cannon](mailto:brett@python.org) +- [Bryan Bugyi](mailto:bryan.bugyi@rutgers.edu) +- [Bryan Forbes](mailto:bryan@reigndropsfall.net) +- [Calum Lind](mailto:calumlind@gmail.com) +- [Charles](mailto:peacech@gmail.com) +- Charles Reid +- [Christian Clauss](mailto:cclauss@bluewin.ch) +- [Christian Heimes](mailto:christian@python.org) +- [Chuck Wooters](mailto:chuck.wooters@microsoft.com) +- [Chris Rose](mailto:offline@offby1.net) +- Codey Oxley +- [Cong](mailto:congusbongus@gmail.com) +- [Cooper Ry Lees](mailto:me@cooperlees.com) +- [Dan Davison](mailto:dandavison7@gmail.com) +- [Daniel Hahler](mailto:github@thequod.de) +- [Daniel M. 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