X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/d6872cdf87e2c4a8e45e533c1013b429fb92588c..de806405d2934b629d67e2a6317ad7e826765a20:/README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 2693d10..cdd8a52 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,13 +1,14 @@ -![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ambv/black/master/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png) +![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python/black/master/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png)

The Uncompromising Code Formatter

-Build Status +Build Status Documentation Status -Coverage Status -License: MIT -PyPI -Code style: black +Coverage Status +License: MIT +PyPI +Downloads +Code style: black

> “Any color you like.” @@ -26,12 +27,15 @@ content instead. *Black* makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs possible. +Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). + --- *Contents:* **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** | **[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** | +**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** | **[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | @@ -67,44 +71,58 @@ black {source_file_or_directory} black [OPTIONS] [SRC]... Options: - -l, --line-length INTEGER Where to wrap around. [default: 88] - --py36 Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all input - files. This will put trailing commas in function - signatures and calls also after *args and - **kwargs. [default: per-file auto-detection] - --pyi Format all input files like typing stubs - regardless of file extension (useful when piping - source on standard input). + -l, --line-length INTEGER How many characters per line to allow. + [default: 88] + -t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38] + Python versions that should be supported by + Black's output. [default: per-file auto- + detection] + --py36 Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all + input files. This will put trailing commas + in function signatures and calls also after + *args and **kwargs. Deprecated; use + --target-version instead. [default: per-file + auto-detection] + --pyi Format all input files like typing stubs + regardless of file extension (useful when + piping source on standard input). -S, --skip-string-normalization - Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes. - --check Don't write the files back, just return the - status. Return code 0 means nothing would - change. Return code 1 means some files would be - reformatted. Return code 123 means there was an - internal error. - --diff Don't write the files back, just output a diff - for each file on stdout. - --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks. - [default: --safe] - --include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and - directories that should be included on - recursive searches. On Windows, use forward - slashes for directories. [default: \.pyi?$] - --exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and - directories that should be excluded on - recursive searches. On Windows, use forward - slashes for directories. [default: - build/|buck-out/|dist/|_build/|\.git/|\.hg/| - \.mypy_cache/|\.tox/|\.venv/] - -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. Errors - are still emitted, silence those with - 2>/dev/null. - -v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files - that were not changed or were ignored due to - --exclude=. - --version Show the version and exit. - --config PATH Read configuration from PATH. - --help Show this message and exit. + Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes. + --check Don't write the files back, just return the + status. Return code 0 means nothing would + change. Return code 1 means some files + would be reformatted. Return code 123 means + there was an internal error. + --diff Don't write the files back, just output a + diff for each file on stdout. + --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity + checks. [default: --safe] + --include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and + directories that should be included on + recursive searches. An empty value means + all files are included regardless of the + name. Use forward slashes for directories + on all platforms (Windows, too). Exclusions + are calculated first, inclusions later. + [default: \.pyi?$] + --exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and + directories that should be excluded on + recursive searches. An empty value means no + paths are excluded. Use forward slashes for + directories on all platforms (Windows, too). + Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions + later. [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy + _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|_build|buck- + out|build|dist)/] + -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. + Errors are still emitted, silence those with + 2>/dev/null. + -v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files + that were not changed or were ignored due to + --exclude=. + --version Show the version and exit. + --config PATH Read configuration from PATH. + -h, --help Show this message and exit. ``` *Black* is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool: @@ -137,7 +155,8 @@ original. This slows it down. If you're feeling confident, use *Black* reformats entire files in place. It is not configurable. It doesn't take previous formatting into account. It doesn't reformat -blocks that start with `# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. It also +blocks that start with `# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. `# fmt: on/off` +have to be on the same level of indentation. It also recognizes [YAPF](https://github.com/google/yapf)'s block comments to the same effect, as a courtesy for straddling code. @@ -171,12 +190,12 @@ brackets and put that in a separate indented line. ```py3 # in: -TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals) +ImportantClass.important_method(exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals, extra_argument) # out: -TracebackException.from_exception( - exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals +ImportantClass.important_method( + exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals, extra_argument ) ``` @@ -190,7 +209,7 @@ separate lines. ```py3 # in: -def very_important_function(template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, debug: bool = False): +def very_important_function(template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, engine: str, header: bool = True, debug: bool = False): """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" with open(file, 'w') as f: ... @@ -201,6 +220,8 @@ def very_important_function( template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, + engine: str, + header: bool = True, debug: bool = False, ): """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`.""" @@ -231,13 +252,13 @@ the following configuration. multi_line_output=3 include_trailing_comma=True force_grid_wrap=0 -combine_as_imports=True +use_parentheses=True line_length=88 ``` The equivalent command line is: ``` -$ isort --multi-line=3 --trailing-comma --force-grid-wrap=0 --combine-as --line-width=88 [ file.py ] +$ isort --multi-line=3 --trailing-comma --force-grid-wrap=0 --use-parentheses --line-width=88 [ file.py ] ``` @@ -273,7 +294,8 @@ ignore = E501 ``` You'll find *Black*'s own .flake8 config file is configured like this. -If you're curious about the reasoning behind B950, Bugbear's documentation +If you're curious about the reasoning behind B950, +[Bugbear's documentation](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear#opinionated-warnings) explains it. The tl;dr is "it's like highway speed limits, we won't bother you if you overdo it by a few km/h". @@ -348,11 +370,11 @@ The main reason to standardize on a single form of quotes is aesthetics. Having one kind of quotes everywhere reduces reader distraction. It will also enable a future version of *Black* to merge consecutive string literals that ended up on the same line (see -[#26](https://github.com/ambv/black/issues/26) for details). +[#26](https://github.com/python/black/issues/26) for details). Why settle on double quotes? They anticipate apostrophes in English -text. They match the docstring standard described in PEP 257. An -empty string in double quotes (`""`) is impossible to confuse with +text. They match the docstring standard described in [PEP 257](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/#what-is-a-docstring). +An empty string in double quotes (`""`) is impossible to confuse with a one double-quote regardless of fonts and syntax highlighting used. On top of this, double quotes for strings are consistent with C which Python interacts a lot with. @@ -368,6 +390,13 @@ human-readable strings"](https://stackoverflow.com/a/56190)), you can pass `--skip-string-normalization` on the command line. This is meant as an adoption helper, avoid using this for new projects. +### Numeric literals + +*Black* standardizes most numeric literals to use lowercase letters for the +syntactic parts and uppercase letters for the digits themselves: `0xAB` +instead of `0XAB` and `1e10` instead of `1E10`. Python 2 long literals are +styled as `2L` instead of `2l` to avoid confusion between `l` and `1`. + ### Line breaks & binary operators @@ -527,6 +556,8 @@ other file. If you're running with `--verbose`, you will see a blue message if a file was found and used. +Please note `blackd` will not use `pyproject.toml` configuration. + ### Configuration format @@ -546,24 +577,26 @@ to denote a significant space character. ```toml [tool.black] line-length = 88 -py36 = true +target-version = ['py37'] include = '\.pyi?$' exclude = ''' -/( - \.git - | \.hg - | \.mypy_cache - | \.tox - | \.venv - | _build - | buck-out - | build - | dist - - # The following are specific to Black, you probably don't want those. - | blib2to3 - | tests/data -)/ + +( + /( + \.eggs # exclude a few common directories in the + | \.git # root of the project + | \.hg + | \.mypy_cache + | \.tox + | \.venv + | _build + | buck-out + | build + | dist + )/ + | foo.py # also separately exclude a file named foo.py in + # the root of the project +) ''' ``` @@ -587,7 +620,7 @@ configuration from different levels of the file hierarchy. Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken). -### PyCharm +### PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA 1. Install `black`. @@ -611,23 +644,43 @@ $ where black %LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe # possible location ``` -3. Open External tools in PyCharm with `File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools`. +3. Open External tools in PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA + + On macOS: + +```PyCharm -> Preferences -> Tools -> External Tools``` + + On Windows / Linux / BSD: + +```File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools``` 4. Click the + icon to add a new external tool with the following values: - Name: Black - Description: Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter. - Program: - - Arguments: $FilePath$ + - Arguments: `"$FilePath$"` 5. Format the currently opened file by selecting `Tools -> External Tools -> black`. - - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences -> Keymap -> External Tools -> External Tools - Black`. + - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences or Settings -> Keymap -> External Tools -> External Tools - Black`. + +6. Optionally, run Black on every file save: + 1. Make sure you have the [File Watcher](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7177-file-watchers) plugin installed. + 2. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a new watcher: + - Name: Black + - File type: Python + - Scope: Project Files + - Program: + - Arguments: `$FilePath$` + - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePath$` + - Working directory: `$ProjectFileDir$` + - Uncheck "Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher" ### Vim Commands and shortcuts: -* `,=` or `:Black` to format the entire file (ranges not supported); +* `:Black` to format the entire file (ranges not supported); * `:BlackUpgrade` to upgrade *Black* inside the virtualenv; * `:BlackVersion` to get the current version of *Black* inside the virtualenv. @@ -641,16 +694,16 @@ Configuration: To install with [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug): ``` -Plug 'ambv/black', +Plug 'python/black' ``` or with [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim): ``` -Plugin 'ambv/black' +Plugin 'python/black' ``` -or you can copy the plugin from [plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/ambv/black/tree/master/plugin/black.vim). +or you can copy the plugin from [plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/python/black/tree/master/plugin/black.vim). Let me know if this requires any changes to work with Vim 8's builtin `packadd`, or Pathogen, and so on. @@ -670,7 +723,7 @@ The plugin will use it. To run *Black* on save, add the following line to `.vimrc` or `init.vim`: ``` -autocmd BufWritePost *.py execute ':Black' +autocmd BufWritePre *.py execute ':Black' ``` **How to get Vim with Python 3.6?** @@ -692,7 +745,7 @@ Use the [Python extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=m Use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack). -### IPython Notebook Magic +### Jupyter Notebook Magic Use [blackcellmagic](https://github.com/csurfer/blackcellmagic). @@ -705,10 +758,14 @@ the [Python Language Server](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server) [pyls-black](https://github.com/rupert/pyls-black) plugin. +### Atom/Nuclide + +Use [python-black](https://atom.io/packages/python-black). + + ### Other editors -Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will -require external contributions. +Other editors will require external contributions. Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨ @@ -718,8 +775,79 @@ The formatted code will be returned on stdout (unless `--check` was passed). *Black* will still emit messages on stderr but that shouldn't affect your use case. -This can be used for example with PyCharm's [File Watchers](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/file-watchers.html). +This can be used for example with PyCharm's or IntelliJ's [File Watchers](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/file-watchers.html). + +## blackd + +`blackd` is a small HTTP server that exposes *Black*'s functionality over +a simple protocol. The main benefit of using it is to avoid paying the +cost of starting up a new *Black* process every time you want to blacken +a file. + +### Usage + +`blackd` is not packaged alongside *Black* by default because it has additional +dependencies. You will need to do `pip install black[d]` to install it. + +You can start the server on the default port, binding only to the local interface +by running `blackd`. You will see a single line mentioning the server's version, +and the host and port it's listening on. `blackd` will then print an access log +similar to most web servers on standard output, merged with any exception traces +caused by invalid formatting requests. +`blackd` provides even less options than *Black*. You can see them by running +`blackd --help`: + +```text +Usage: blackd [OPTIONS] + +Options: + --bind-host TEXT Address to bind the server to. + --bind-port INTEGER Port to listen on + --version Show the version and exit. + -h, --help Show this message and exit. +``` + +### Protocol + +`blackd` only accepts `POST` requests at the `/` path. The body of the request +should contain the python source code to be formatted, encoded +according to the `charset` field in the `Content-Type` request header. If no +`charset` is specified, `blackd` assumes `UTF-8`. + +There are a few HTTP headers that control how the source is formatted. These +correspond to command line flags for *Black*. There is one exception to this: +`X-Protocol-Version` which if present, should have the value `1`, otherwise the +request is rejected with `HTTP 501` (Not Implemented). + +The headers controlling how code is formatted are: + + - `X-Line-Length`: corresponds to the `--line-length` command line flag. + - `X-Skip-String-Normalization`: corresponds to the `--skip-string-normalization` + command line flag. If present and its value is not the empty string, no string + normalization will be performed. + - `X-Fast-Or-Safe`: if set to `fast`, `blackd` will act as *Black* does when + passed the `--fast` command line flag. + - `X-Python-Variant`: if set to `pyi`, `blackd` will act as *Black* does when + passed the `--pyi` command line flag. Otherwise, its value must correspond to + a Python version or a set of comma-separated Python versions, optionally + prefixed with `py`. For example, to request code that is compatible + with Python 3.5 and 3.6, set the header to `py3.5,py3.6`. + +If any of these headers are set to invalid values, `blackd` returns a `HTTP 400` +error response, mentioning the name of the problematic header in the message body. + +Apart from the above, `blackd` can produce the following response codes: + + - `HTTP 204`: If the input is already well-formatted. The response body is + empty. + - `HTTP 200`: If formatting was needed on the input. The response body + contains the blackened Python code, and the `Content-Type` header is set + accordingly. + - `HTTP 400`: If the input contains a syntax error. Details of the error are + returned in the response body. + - `HTTP 500`: If there was any kind of error while trying to format the input. + The response body contains a textual representation of the error. ## Version control integration @@ -728,7 +856,7 @@ installed](https://pre-commit.com/#install), add this to the `.pre-commit-config.yaml` in your repository: ```yaml repos: -- repo: https://github.com/ambv/black +- repo: https://github.com/python/black rev: stable hooks: - id: black @@ -754,9 +882,12 @@ location of the file depends on the *Black* version and the system on which *Bla is run. The file is non-portable. The standard location on common operating systems is: -* Windows: `C:\\Users\\AppData\Local\black\black\Cache\\cache..pickle` -* macOS: `/Users//Library/Caches/black//cache..pickle` -* Linux: `/home//.cache/black//cache..pickle` +* Windows: `C:\\Users\\AppData\Local\black\black\Cache\\cache...pickle` +* macOS: `/Users//Library/Caches/black//cache...pickle` +* Linux: `/home//.cache/black//cache...pickle` + +`file-mode` is an int flag that determines whether the file was formatted as 3.6+ only, +as .pyi, and whether string normalization was omitted. ## Testimonials @@ -765,7 +896,7 @@ is: > *Black* is opinionated so you don't have to be. -**Hynek Schlawack**, [creator of `attrs`](http://www.attrs.org/), core +**Hynek Schlawack**, [creator of `attrs`](https://www.attrs.org/), core developer of Twisted and CPython: > An auto-formatter that doesn't suck is all I want for Xmas! @@ -785,16 +916,16 @@ and [`pipenv`](https://docs.pipenv.org/): Use the badge in your project's README.md: ```markdown -[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black) ``` Using the badge in README.rst: ``` .. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg - :target: https://github.com/ambv/black -``` + :target: https://github.com/python/black +``` -Looks like this: [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/ambv/black) +Looks like this: [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black) ## License @@ -820,8 +951,111 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Change Log +### 19.5b0 + +* don't produce invalid code for `from` ... `import` blocks with comments + (#829) + +* fix grammar selection (#765) + +* fix feature detection for trailing commas in function definitions and + call sites (#763) + +* fix bug that led *Black* format some code with a line length target of 1 + (#762) + +### 19.3b0 + +* new option `--target-version` to control which Python versions + *Black*-formatted code should target (#618) + +* deprecated `--py36` (use `--target-version=py36` instead) (#724) + +* *Black* no longer normalizes numeric literals to include `_` separators (#696) + +* long `del` statements are now split into multiple lines (#698) + +* type comments are no longer mangled in function signatures + +* improved performance of formatting deeply nested data structures (#509) + +* *Black* now properly formats multiple files in parallel on + Windows (#632) + +* *Black* now creates cache files atomically which allows it to be used + in parallel pipelines (like `xargs -P8`) (#673) + +* *Black* now correctly indents comments in files that were previously + formatted with tabs (#262) + +* `blackd` now supports CORS (#622) + +### 18.9b0 + +* numeric literals are now formatted by *Black* (#452, #461, #464, #469): + + * numeric literals are normalized to include `_` separators on Python 3.6+ code + + * added `--skip-numeric-underscore-normalization` to disable the above behavior and + leave numeric underscores as they were in the input + + * code with `_` in numeric literals is recognized as Python 3.6+ + + * most letters in numeric literals are lowercased (e.g., in `1e10`, `0x01`) + + * hexadecimal digits are always uppercased (e.g. `0xBADC0DE`) + +* added `blackd`, see [its documentation](#blackd) for more info (#349) + +* adjacent string literals are now correctly split into multiple lines (#463) + +* trailing comma is now added to single imports that don't fit on a line (#250) + +* cache is now populated when `--check` is successful for a file which speeds up + consecutive checks of properly formatted unmodified files (#448) + +* whitespace at the beginning of the file is now removed (#399) + +* fixed mangling [pweave](http://mpastell.com/pweave/) and + [Spyder IDE](https://pythonhosted.org/spyder/) special comments (#532) + +* fixed unstable formatting when unpacking big tuples (#267) + +* fixed parsing of `__future__` imports with renames (#389) + +* fixed scope of `# fmt: off` when directly preceding `yield` and other nodes (#385) + +* fixed formatting of lambda expressions with default arguments (#468) + +* fixed ``async for`` statements: *Black* no longer breaks them into separate + lines (#372) + +* note: the Vim plugin stopped registering ``,=`` as a default chord as it turned out + to be a bad idea (#415) + + +### 18.6b4 + +* hotfix: don't freeze when multiple comments directly precede `# fmt: off` (#371) + + ### 18.6b3 +* typing stub files (`.pyi`) now have blank lines added after constants (#340) + +* `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are now much more dependable: + + * they now work also within bracket pairs (#329) + + * they now correctly work across function/class boundaries (#335) + + * they now work when an indentation block starts with empty lines or misaligned + comments (#334) + +* made Click not fail on invalid environments; note that Click is right but the + likelihood we'll need to access non-ASCII file paths when dealing with Python source + code is low (#277) + * fixed improper formatting of f-strings with quotes inside interpolated expressions (#322) @@ -831,6 +1065,8 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md). * fixed cannibalizing backslashes during string normalization +* fixed a crash due to symbolic links pointing outside of the project directory (#338) + ### 18.6b2 @@ -1150,6 +1386,7 @@ Glued together by [Łukasz Langa](mailto:lukasz@langa.pl). Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com), [Carl Meyer](mailto:carl@oddbird.net), +[Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com), [Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io), and [Zsolt Dollenstein](mailto:zsol.zsol@gmail.com). @@ -1158,15 +1395,19 @@ Multiple contributions by: * [Artem Malyshev](mailto:proofit404@gmail.com) * [Christian Heimes](mailto:christian@python.org) * [Daniel M. Capella](mailto:polycitizen@gmail.com) -* [Eli Treuherz](mailto:eli.treuherz@cgi.com) +* [Eli Treuherz](mailto:eli@treuherz.com) +* hauntsaninja * Hugo van Kemenade * [Ivan Katanić](mailto:ivan.katanic@gmail.com) -* [Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com) * [Jonas Obrist](mailto:ojiidotch@gmail.com) * [Luka Sterbic](mailto:luka.sterbic@gmail.com) * [Miguel Gaiowski](mailto:miggaiowski@gmail.com) +* [Miroslav Shubernetskiy](mailto:miroslav@miki725.com) +* [Neraste](mailto:neraste.herr10@gmail.com) * [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com) * [Peter Bengtsson](mailto:mail@peterbe.com) * [Stavros Korokithakis](mailto:hi@stavros.io) * [Sunil Kapil](mailto:snlkapil@gmail.com) +* [Utsav Shah](mailto:ukshah2@illinois.edu) * [Vishwas B Sharma](mailto:sharma.vishwas88@gmail.com) +* [Chuck Wooters](mailto:chuck.wooters@microsoft.com)