X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/blobdiff_plain/fcf97961061982656a1384ecc1628e217a52a88c..5020577788eeab758a2c33d1d563e4ea82617ed4:/README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 16dd837..ceccbb7 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -3,7 +3,6 @@

The Uncompromising Code Formatter

-Build Status Actions Status Actions Status Documentation Status @@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ License: MIT PyPI Downloads +conda-forge Code style: black

@@ -26,21 +26,12 @@ becomes transparent after a while and you can focus on the content instead. _Black_ makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs possible. -Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). Watch the +Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.vercel.app). Watch the [PyCon 2019 talk](https://youtu.be/esZLCuWs_2Y) to learn more. --- -_Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** | -**[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)** | -**[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** | -**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[black-primer](#black-primer)** | -**[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** | -**[GitHub Actions](#github-actions)** | -**[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)** | -**[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** | -**[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** | **[Change log](#change-log)** | -**[Authors](#authors)** +**[Read the documentation on ReadTheDocs!](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable)** --- @@ -48,8 +39,13 @@ _Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** | ### Installation -_Black_ can be installed by running `pip install black`. It requires Python 3.6.0+ to -run but you can reformat Python 2 code with it, too. +_Black_ can be installed by running `pip install black`. It requires Python 3.6.2+ to +run. If you want to format Python 2 code as well, install with +`pip install black[python2]`. + +If you can't wait for the latest _hotness_ and want to install from GitHub, use: + +`pip install git+git://github.com/psf/black` ### Usage @@ -65,371 +61,81 @@ You can run _Black_ as a package if running it as a script doesn't work: python -m black {source_file_or_directory} ``` -### Command line options - -_Black_ doesn't provide many options. You can list them by running `black --help`: - -```text -Usage: black [OPTIONS] [SRC]... - - The uncompromising code formatter. - -Options: - -c, --code TEXT Format the code passed in as a string. - -l, --line-length INTEGER How many characters per line to allow. - [default: 88] - - -t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38] - Python versions that should be supported by - Black's output. [default: per-file auto- - detection] - - --pyi Format all input files like typing stubs - regardless of file extension (useful when - piping source on standard input). - - -S, --skip-string-normalization - Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes. - --check Don't write the files back, just return the - status. Return code 0 means nothing would - change. Return code 1 means some files - would be reformatted. Return code 123 means - there was an internal error. - - --diff Don't write the files back, just output a - diff for each file on stdout. - - --color / --no-color Show colored diff. Only applies when - `--diff` is given. - - --fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity - checks. [default: --safe] - - --include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and - directories that should be included on - recursive searches. An empty value means - all files are included regardless of the - name. Use forward slashes for directories - on all platforms (Windows, too). Exclusions - are calculated first, inclusions later. - [default: \.pyi?$] - - --exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and - directories that should be excluded on - recursive searches. An empty value means no - paths are excluded. Use forward slashes for - directories on all platforms (Windows, too). - Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions - later. [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy - _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|\.svn|_build|buck- - out|build|dist)/] - - --force-exclude TEXT Like --exclude, but files and directories - matching this regex will be excluded even - when they are passed explicitly as arguments - - -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. - Errors are still emitted; silence those with - 2>/dev/null. - - -v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files - that were not changed or were ignored due to - --exclude=. - - --version Show the version and exit. - --config FILE Read configuration from PATH. - -h, --help Show this message and exit. -``` - -_Black_ is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool: - -- it does nothing if no sources are passed to it; -- it will read from standard input and write to standard output if `-` is used as the - filename; -- it only outputs messages to users on standard error; -- exits with code 0 unless an internal error occurred (or `--check` was used). - -### Using _Black_ with other tools - -While _Black_ enforces formatting that conforms to PEP 8, other tools may raise warnings -about _Black_'s changes or will overwrite _Black_'s changes. A good example of this is -[isort](https://pypi.org/p/isort). Since _Black_ is barely configurable, these tools -should be configured to neither warn about nor overwrite _Black_'s changes. - -Actual details on _Black_ compatible configurations for various tools can be found in -[compatible_configs](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/compatible_configs.md). - -### Migrating your code style without ruining git blame - -A long-standing argument against moving to automated code formatters like _Black_ is -that the migration will clutter up the output of `git blame`. This was a valid argument, -but since Git version 2.23, Git natively supports -[ignoring revisions in blame](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame#Documentation/git-blame.txt---ignore-revltrevgt) -with the `--ignore-rev` option. You can also pass a file listing the revisions to ignore -using the `--ignore-revs-file` option. The changes made by the revision will be ignored -when assigning blame. Lines modified by an ignored revision will be blamed on the -previous revision that modified those lines. - -So when migrating your project's code style to _Black_, reformat everything and commit -the changes (preferably in one massive commit). Then put the full 40 characters commit -identifier(s) into a file. - -``` -# Migrate code style to Black -5b4ab991dede475d393e9d69ec388fd6bd949699 -``` - -Afterwards, you can pass that file to `git blame` and see clean and meaningful blame -information. +Further information can be found in our docs: -```console -$ git blame important.py --ignore-revs-file .git-blame-ignore-revs -7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 1) def very_important_function(text, file): -abdfd8b0 (Alice Doe 2019-09-23 11:39:32 -0400 2) text = text.lstrip() -7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 3) with open(file, "r+") as f: -7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 4) f.write(formatted) -``` - -You can even configure `git` to automatically ignore revisions listed in a file on every -call to `git blame`. - -```console -$ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs -``` - -**The one caveat is that GitHub and GitLab do not yet support ignoring revisions using -their native UI of blame.** So blame information will be cluttered with a reformatting -commit on those platforms. (If you'd like this feature, there's an open issue for -[GitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/31423) and please let GitHub -know!) +- [Usage and Configuration](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/index.html) ### NOTE: This is a beta product -_Black_ is already [successfully used](#used-by) by many projects, small and big. It -also sports a decent test suite. However, it is still very new. Things will probably be -wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the "Beta" trove classifier, as well as by -the "b" in the version number. What this means for you is that **until the formatter -becomes stable, you should expect some formatting to change in the future**. That being -said, no drastic stylistic changes are planned, mostly responses to bug reports. - -Also, as a temporary safety measure, _Black_ will check that the reformatted code still -produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the original. This slows it down. If you're -feeling confident, use `--fast`. +_Black_ is already [successfully used](https://github.com/psf/black#used-by) by many +projects, small and big. Black has a comprehensive test suite, with efficient parallel +tests, and our own auto formatting and parallel Continuous Integration runner. However, +_Black_ is still beta. Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit +by the "Beta" trove classifier, as well as by the "b" in the version number. What this +means for you is that **until the formatter becomes stable, you should expect some +formatting to change in the future**. That being said, no drastic stylistic changes are +planned, mostly responses to bug reports. + +Also, as a safety measure which slows down processing, _Black_ will check that the +reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is effectively equivalent to the +original (see the +[Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#ast-before-and-after-formatting) +section for details). If you're feeling confident, use `--fast`. ## The _Black_ code style _Black_ is a PEP 8 compliant opinionated formatter. _Black_ reformats entire files in -place. It is not configurable. It doesn't take previous formatting into account. Your -main option of configuring _Black_ is that it doesn't reformat blocks that start with -`# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. `# fmt: on/off` have to be on the same level of -indentation. To learn more about _Black_'s opinions, to go -[the_black_code_style](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/the_black_code_style.md). +place. Style configuration options are deliberately limited and rarely added. It doesn't +take previous formatting into account (see [Pragmatism](#pragmatism) for exceptions). + +Our documentation covers the current _Black_ code style, but planned changes to it are +also documented. They're both worth taking a look: + +- [The _Black_ Code Style: Current style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html) +- [The _Black_ Code Style: Future style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/future_style.html) Please refer to this document before submitting an issue. What seems like a bug might be intended behaviour. -## Pragmatism +### Pragmatism Early versions of _Black_ used to be absolutist in some respects. They took after its initial author. This was fine at the time as it made the implementation simpler and there were not many users anyway. Not many edge cases were reported. As a mature tool, -_Black_ does make some exceptions to rules it otherwise holds. This -[section](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/the_black_code_style.md#pragmatism) -of `the_black_code_style` describes what those exceptions are and why this is the case. +_Black_ does make some exceptions to rules it otherwise holds. + +- [The _Black_ code style: Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#pragmatism) Please refer to this document before submitting an issue just like with the document above. What seems like a bug might be intended behaviour. -## pyproject.toml +## Configuration _Black_ is able to read project-specific default values for its command line options from a `pyproject.toml` file. This is especially useful for specifying custom -`--include` and `--exclude` patterns for your project. - -**Pro-tip**: If you're asking yourself "Do I need to configure anything?" the answer is -"No". _Black_ is all about sensible defaults. - -### What on Earth is a `pyproject.toml` file? - -[PEP 518](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/) defines `pyproject.toml` as a -configuration file to store build system requirements for Python projects. With the help -of tools like [Poetry](https://python-poetry.org/) or -[Flit](https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) it can fully replace the need for -`setup.py` and `setup.cfg` files. - -### Where _Black_ looks for the file - -By default _Black_ looks for `pyproject.toml` starting from the common base directory of -all files and directories passed on the command line. If it's not there, it looks in -parent directories. It stops looking when it finds the file, or a `.git` directory, or a -`.hg` directory, or the root of the file system, whichever comes first. - -If you're formatting standard input, _Black_ will look for configuration starting from -the current working directory. - -You can also explicitly specify the path to a particular file that you want with -`--config`. In this situation _Black_ will not look for any other file. - -If you're running with `--verbose`, you will see a blue message if a file was found and -used. - -Please note `blackd` will not use `pyproject.toml` configuration. - -### Configuration format - -As the file extension suggests, `pyproject.toml` is a -[TOML](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml) file. It contains separate sections for -different tools. _Black_ is using the `[tool.black]` section. The option keys are the -same as long names of options on the command line. - -Note that you have to use single-quoted strings in TOML for regular expressions. It's -the equivalent of r-strings in Python. Multiline strings are treated as verbose regular -expressions by Black. Use `[ ]` to denote a significant space character. - -
-Example `pyproject.toml` - -```toml -[tool.black] -line-length = 88 -target-version = ['py37'] -include = '\.pyi?$' -exclude = ''' - -( - /( - \.eggs # exclude a few common directories in the - | \.git # root of the project - | \.hg - | \.mypy_cache - | \.tox - | \.venv - | _build - | buck-out - | build - | dist - )/ - | foo.py # also separately exclude a file named foo.py in - # the root of the project -) -''' -``` - -
- -### Lookup hierarchy - -Command-line options have defaults that you can see in `--help`. A `pyproject.toml` can -override those defaults. Finally, options provided by the user on the command line -override both. +`--include` and `--exclude`/`--force-exclude`/`--extend-exclude` patterns for your +project. -_Black_ will only ever use one `pyproject.toml` file during an entire run. It doesn't -look for multiple files, and doesn't compose configuration from different levels of the -file hierarchy. +You can find more details in our documentation: -## Editor integration +- [The basics: Configuration via a file](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/the_basics.html#configuration-via-a-file) -_Black_ can be integrated into many editors with plugins. They let you run _Black_ on -your code with the ease of doing it in your editor. To get started using _Black_ in your -editor of choice, please see -[editor_integration](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/editor_integration.md). +And if you're looking for more general configuration documentation: -Patches are welcome for editors without an editor integration or plugin! More -information can be found in -[editor_integration](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/editor_integration.md#other-editors). +- [Usage and Configuration](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/index.html) -## blackd - -`blackd` is a small HTTP server that exposes Black's functionality over a simple -protocol. The main benefit of using it is to avoid paying the cost of starting up a new -Black process every time you want to blacken a file. Please refer to -[blackd](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/blackd.md) to get the ball -rolling. - -## black-primer - -`black-primer` is a tool built for CI (and huumans) to have _Black_ `--check` a number -of (configured in `primer.json`) Git accessible projects in parallel. -[black_primer](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/black_primer.md) has more -information regarding its usage and configuration. - -(A PR adding Mercurial support will be accepted.) - -## Version control integration - -Use [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/). Once you -[have it installed](https://pre-commit.com/#install), add this to the -`.pre-commit-config.yaml` in your repository: - -```yaml -repos: - - repo: https://github.com/psf/black - rev: stable - hooks: - - id: black - language_version: python3.6 -``` - -Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go. - -Avoid using `args` in the hook. Instead, store necessary configuration in -`pyproject.toml` so that editors and command-line usage of Black all behave consistently -for your project. See _Black_'s own -[pyproject.toml](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/pyproject.toml) for an -example. - -If you're already using Python 3.7, switch the `language_version` accordingly. Finally, -`stable` is a branch that tracks the latest release on PyPI. If you'd rather run on -master, this is also an option. - -## GitHub Actions - -Create a file named `.github/workflows/black.yml` inside your repository with: - -```yaml -name: Lint - -on: [push, pull_request] - -jobs: - lint: - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - uses: actions/setup-python@v2 - - uses: psf/black@stable -``` - -## Ignoring unmodified files - -_Black_ remembers files it has already formatted, unless the `--diff` flag is used or -code is passed via standard input. This information is stored per-user. The exact -location of the file depends on the _Black_ version and the system on which _Black_ is -run. The file is non-portable. The standard location on common operating systems is: - -- Windows: - `C:\\Users\\AppData\Local\black\black\Cache\\cache...pickle` -- macOS: - `/Users//Library/Caches/black//cache...pickle` -- Linux: - `/home//.cache/black//cache...pickle` - -`file-mode` is an int flag that determines whether the file was formatted as 3.6+ only, -as .pyi, and whether string normalization was omitted. - -To override the location of these files on macOS or Linux, set the environment variable -`XDG_CACHE_HOME` to your preferred location. For example, if you want to put the cache -in the directory you're running _Black_ from, set `XDG_CACHE_HOME=.cache`. _Black_ will -then write the above files to `.cache/black//`. +**Pro-tip**: If you're asking yourself "Do I need to configure anything?" the answer is +"No". _Black_ is all about sensible defaults. Applying those defaults will have your +code in compliance with many other _Black_ formatted projects. ## Used by The following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs, SQLAlchemy, Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Bandersnatch, Pipenv, virtualenv), pandas, Pillow, -every Datadog Agent Integration, Home Assistant. +every Datadog Agent Integration, Home Assistant, Zulip. -The following organizations use _Black_: Facebook, Dropbox. +The following organizations use _Black_: Facebook, Dropbox, Mozilla, Quora. Are we missing anyone? Let us know. @@ -458,7 +164,7 @@ Twisted and CPython: Use the badge in your project's README.md: -```markdown +```md [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black) ``` @@ -476,103 +182,39 @@ Looks like this: MIT -## Contributing to _Black_ +## Contributing + +Welcome! Happy to see you willing to make the project better. You can get started by +reading this: -In terms of inspiration, _Black_ is about as configurable as _gofmt_. This is -deliberate. +- [Contributing: The basics](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/the_basics.html) -Bug reports and fixes are always welcome! However, before you suggest a new feature or -configuration knob, ask yourself why you want it. If it enables better integration with -some workflow, fixes an inconsistency, speeds things up, and so on - go for it! On the -other hand, if your answer is "because I don't like a particular formatting" then you're -not ready to embrace _Black_ yet. Such changes are unlikely to get accepted. You can -still try but prepare to be disappointed. +You can also take a look at the rest of the contributing docs or talk with the +developers: -More details can be found in -[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). +- [Contributing documentation](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/index.html) +- [IRC channel on Freenode](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=%23blackformatter) ## Change log -The log's become rather long. It moved to its own file. +The log has become rather long. It moved to its own file. -See [CHANGES](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/CHANGES.md). +See [CHANGES](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/change_log.html). ## Authors -Glued together by [Łukasz Langa](mailto:lukasz@langa.pl). - -Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com), -[Carl Meyer](mailto:carl@oddbird.net), -[Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com), -[Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io), -[Zsolt Dollenstein](mailto:zsol.zsol@gmail.com), and -[Cooper Lees](mailto:me@cooperlees.com). - -Multiple contributions by: - -- [Abdur-Rahmaan Janhangeer](mailto:arj.python@gmail.com) -- [Adam Johnson](mailto:me@adamj.eu) -- [Alexander Huynh](mailto:github@grande.coffee) -- [Andrew Thorp](mailto:andrew.thorp.dev@gmail.com) -- [Andrey](mailto:dyuuus@yandex.ru) -- [Andy Freeland](mailto:andy@andyfreeland.net) -- [Anthony Sottile](mailto:asottile@umich.edu) -- [Arjaan Buijk](mailto:arjaan.buijk@gmail.com) -- [Artem Malyshev](mailto:proofit404@gmail.com) -- [Asger Hautop Drewsen](mailto:asgerdrewsen@gmail.com) -- [Augie Fackler](mailto:raf@durin42.com) -- [Aviskar KC](mailto:aviskarkc10@gmail.com) -- [Benjamin Woodruff](mailto:github@benjam.info) -- [Brandt Bucher](mailto:brandtbucher@gmail.com) -- Charles Reid -- [Christian Heimes](mailto:christian@python.org) -- [Chuck Wooters](mailto:chuck.wooters@microsoft.com) -- [Cooper Ry Lees](mailto:me@cooperlees.com) -- [Daniel Hahler](mailto:github@thequod.de) -- [Daniel M. Capella](mailto:polycitizen@gmail.com) -- Daniele Esposti -- dylanjblack -- [Eli Treuherz](mailto:eli@treuherz.com) -- [Florent Thiery](mailto:fthiery@gmail.com) -- hauntsaninja -- Hugo van Kemenade -- [Ivan Katanić](mailto:ivan.katanic@gmail.com) -- [Jason Fried](mailto:me@jasonfried.info) -- [jgirardet](mailto:ijkl@netc.fr) -- [Joe Antonakakis](mailto:jma353@cornell.edu) -- [Jon Dufresne](mailto:jon.dufresne@gmail.com) -- [Jonas Obrist](mailto:ojiidotch@gmail.com) -- [Josh Bode](mailto:joshbode@fastmail.com) -- [Juan Luis Cano Rodríguez](mailto:hello@juanlu.space) -- [Katie McLaughlin](mailto:katie@glasnt.com) -- Lawrence Chan -- [Linus Groh](mailto:mail@linusgroh.de) -- [Luka Sterbic](mailto:luka.sterbic@gmail.com) -- Mariatta -- [Matt VanEseltine](mailto:vaneseltine@gmail.com) -- [Michael Flaxman](mailto:michael.flaxman@gmail.com) -- [Michael J. Sullivan](mailto:sully@msully.net) -- [Michael McClimon](mailto:michael@mcclimon.org) -- [Miguel Gaiowski](mailto:miggaiowski@gmail.com) -- [Mike](mailto:roshi@fedoraproject.org) -- [Min ho Kim](mailto:minho42@gmail.com) -- [Miroslav Shubernetskiy](mailto:miroslav@miki725.com) -- [Neraste](mailto:neraste.herr10@gmail.com) -- [Ofek Lev](mailto:ofekmeister@gmail.com) -- [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com) -- [Pablo Galindo](mailto:Pablogsal@gmail.com) -- [Peter Bengtsson](mailto:mail@peterbe.com) -- pmacosta -- Richard Si -- [Rishikesh Jha](mailto:rishijha424@gmail.com) -- [Stavros Korokithakis](mailto:hi@stavros.io) -- [Stephen Rosen](mailto:sirosen@globus.org) -- [Sunil Kapil](mailto:snlkapil@gmail.com) -- [Thom Lu](mailto:thomas.c.lu@gmail.com) -- [Tom Christie](mailto:tom@tomchristie.com) -- [Tzu-ping Chung](mailto:uranusjr@gmail.com) -- [Utsav Shah](mailto:ukshah2@illinois.edu) -- vezeli -- [Vishwas B Sharma](mailto:sharma.vishwas88@gmail.com) -- [Yngve Høiseth](mailto:yngve@hoiseth.net) -- [Yurii Karabas](mailto:1998uriyyo@gmail.com) +The author list is quite long nowadays, so it lives in its own file. + +See [AUTHORS.md](./AUTHORS.md) + +## Code of Conduct + +Everyone participating in the _Black_ project, and in particular in the issue tracker, +pull requests, and social media activity, is expected to treat other people with respect +and more generally to follow the guidelines articulated in the +[Python Community Code of Conduct](https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/). + +At the same time, humor is encouraged. In fact, basic familiarity with Monty Python's +Flying Circus is expected. We are not savages. + +And if you _really_ need to slap somebody, do it with a fish while dancing.