From: Hong Minhee (洪 民憙) <hong@minhee.org>
Date: Sun, 19 Mar 2023 23:09:57 +0000 (+0900)
Subject: Let string splitters respect `East_Asian_Width` property (#3445)
X-Git-Url: https://git.madduck.net/etc/vim.git/commitdiff_plain/ef6e079901d53a42dfae4ab10b081ce7a73a47b5

Let string splitters respect `East_Asian_Width` property (#3445)

This patch changes the preview style so that string splitters respect
Unicode East Asian Width[^1] property.  If you are not familiar to CJK
languages it is not clear immediately.  Let me elaborate with some
examples.

Traditionally, East Asian characters (including punctuation) have
taken up space twice than European letters and stops when they are
rendered in monospace typeset.  Compare the following characters:

```
abcdefg.
글、字。
```

The characters at the first line are half-width, and the second line
are full-width.  (Also note that the last character with a small
circle, the East Asian period, is also full-width.)  Therefore, if we
want to prevent those full-width characters to exceed the maximum
columns per line, we need to count their *width* rather than the number
of characters.  Again, the following characters:

```
글、字。
```

These are just 4 characters, but their total width is 8.

Suppose we want to maintain up to 4 columns per line with the following
text:

```
abcdefg.
글、字。
```

How should it be then?  We want it to look like:

```
abcd
efg.
글、
字。
```

However, Black currently turns it into like this:

```
abcd
efg.
글、字。
```

It's because Black currently counts the number of characters in the line
instead of measuring their width. So, how could we measure the width?
How can we tell if a character is full- or half-width? What if half-width
characters and full-width ones are mixed in a line? That's why Unicode
defined an attribute named `East_Asian_Width`. Unicode grouped every
single character according to their width in fixed-width typeset.

This partially addresses #1197, but only for string splitters. The other
parts need to be fixed as well in future patches.

This was implemented by copying rich's own approach to handling wide
characters: generate a table using wcwidth, check it into source
control, and use in to drive helper functions in Black's logic. This
gets us the best of both worlds: accuracy and performance (and let's us
update as per our stability policy too!).

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
---

diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index f5c039f..a429e32 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
   compared to their non-async version. (#3609)
 - `with` statements that contain two context managers will be consistently wrapped in
   parentheses (#3589)
+- Let string splitters respect [East Asian Width](https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr11/)
+  (#3445)
+- Now long string literals can be split after East Asian commas and periods (`、` U+3001
+  IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA, `。` U+3002 IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP, & `，` U+FF0C FULLWIDTH COMMA)
+  besides before spaces (#3445)
 - For stubs, enforce one blank line after a nested class with a body other than just
   `...` (#3564)
 
diff --git a/scripts/make_width_table.py b/scripts/make_width_table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09aca9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/make_width_table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Generates a width table for Unicode characters.
+
+This script generates a width table for Unicode characters that are not
+narrow (width 1). The table is written to src/black/_width_table.py (note
+that although this file is generated, it is checked into Git) and is used
+by the char_width() function in src/black/strings.py.
+
+You should run this script when you upgrade wcwidth, which is expected to
+happen when a new Unicode version is released. The generated table contains
+the version of wcwidth and Unicode that it was generated for.
+
+In order to run this script, you need to install the latest version of wcwidth.
+You can do this by running:
+
+    pip install -U wcwidth
+
+"""
+import sys
+from os.path import basename, dirname, join
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple
+
+import wcwidth
+
+
+def make_width_table() -> Iterable[Tuple[int, int, int]]:
+    start_codepoint = -1
+    end_codepoint = -1
+    range_width = -2
+    for codepoint in range(0, sys.maxunicode + 1):
+        width = wcwidth.wcwidth(chr(codepoint))
+        if width <= 1:
+            # Ignore narrow characters along with zero-width characters so that
+            # they are treated as single-width.  Note that treating zero-width
+            # characters as single-width is consistent with the heuristics built
+            # on top of str.isascii() in the str_width() function in strings.py.
+            continue
+        if start_codepoint < 0:
+            start_codepoint = codepoint
+            range_width = width
+        elif width != range_width or codepoint != end_codepoint + 1:
+            yield (start_codepoint, end_codepoint, range_width)
+            start_codepoint = codepoint
+            range_width = width
+        end_codepoint = codepoint
+    if start_codepoint >= 0:
+        yield (start_codepoint, end_codepoint, range_width)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    table_path = join(dirname(__file__), "..", "src", "black", "_width_table.py")
+    with open(table_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write(
+            f"""# Generated by {basename(__file__)}
+# wcwidth {wcwidth.__version__}
+# Unicode {wcwidth.list_versions()[-1]}
+import sys
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing_extensions import Final
+else:
+    from typing import Final
+
+WIDTH_TABLE: Final[List[Tuple[int, int, int]]] = [
+"""
+        )
+        for triple in make_width_table():
+            f.write(f"    {triple!r},\n")
+        f.write("]\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/src/black/_width_table.py b/src/black/_width_table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6923f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/black/_width_table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+# Generated by make_width_table.py
+# wcwidth 0.2.6
+# Unicode 15.0.0
+import sys
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing_extensions import Final
+else:
+    from typing import Final
+
+WIDTH_TABLE: Final[List[Tuple[int, int, int]]] = [
+    (0, 0, 0),
+    (1, 31, -1),
+    (127, 159, -1),
+    (768, 879, 0),
+    (1155, 1161, 0),
+    (1425, 1469, 0),
+    (1471, 1471, 0),
+    (1473, 1474, 0),
+    (1476, 1477, 0),
+    (1479, 1479, 0),
+    (1552, 1562, 0),
+    (1611, 1631, 0),
+    (1648, 1648, 0),
+    (1750, 1756, 0),
+    (1759, 1764, 0),
+    (1767, 1768, 0),
+    (1770, 1773, 0),
+    (1809, 1809, 0),
+    (1840, 1866, 0),
+    (1958, 1968, 0),
+    (2027, 2035, 0),
+    (2045, 2045, 0),
+    (2070, 2073, 0),
+    (2075, 2083, 0),
+    (2085, 2087, 0),
+    (2089, 2093, 0),
+    (2137, 2139, 0),
+    (2200, 2207, 0),
+    (2250, 2273, 0),
+    (2275, 2306, 0),
+    (2362, 2362, 0),
+    (2364, 2364, 0),
+    (2369, 2376, 0),
+    (2381, 2381, 0),
+    (2385, 2391, 0),
+    (2402, 2403, 0),
+    (2433, 2433, 0),
+    (2492, 2492, 0),
+    (2497, 2500, 0),
+    (2509, 2509, 0),
+    (2530, 2531, 0),
+    (2558, 2558, 0),
+    (2561, 2562, 0),
+    (2620, 2620, 0),
+    (2625, 2626, 0),
+    (2631, 2632, 0),
+    (2635, 2637, 0),
+    (2641, 2641, 0),
+    (2672, 2673, 0),
+    (2677, 2677, 0),
+    (2689, 2690, 0),
+    (2748, 2748, 0),
+    (2753, 2757, 0),
+    (2759, 2760, 0),
+    (2765, 2765, 0),
+    (2786, 2787, 0),
+    (2810, 2815, 0),
+    (2817, 2817, 0),
+    (2876, 2876, 0),
+    (2879, 2879, 0),
+    (2881, 2884, 0),
+    (2893, 2893, 0),
+    (2901, 2902, 0),
+    (2914, 2915, 0),
+    (2946, 2946, 0),
+    (3008, 3008, 0),
+    (3021, 3021, 0),
+    (3072, 3072, 0),
+    (3076, 3076, 0),
+    (3132, 3132, 0),
+    (3134, 3136, 0),
+    (3142, 3144, 0),
+    (3146, 3149, 0),
+    (3157, 3158, 0),
+    (3170, 3171, 0),
+    (3201, 3201, 0),
+    (3260, 3260, 0),
+    (3263, 3263, 0),
+    (3270, 3270, 0),
+    (3276, 3277, 0),
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+    (3328, 3329, 0),
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+    (128747, 128748, 2),
+    (128756, 128764, 2),
+    (128992, 129003, 2),
+    (129008, 129008, 2),
+    (129292, 129338, 2),
+    (129340, 129349, 2),
+    (129351, 129535, 2),
+    (129648, 129660, 2),
+    (129664, 129672, 2),
+    (129680, 129725, 2),
+    (129727, 129733, 2),
+    (129742, 129755, 2),
+    (129760, 129768, 2),
+    (129776, 129784, 2),
+    (131072, 196605, 2),
+    (196608, 262141, 2),
+    (917760, 917999, 0),
+]
diff --git a/src/black/lines.py b/src/black/lines.py
index fb5933e..bf4c12c 100644
--- a/src/black/lines.py
+++ b/src/black/lines.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from black.nodes import (
     syms,
     whitespace,
 )
+from black.strings import str_width
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import token
 from blib2to3.pytree import Leaf, Node
 
@@ -759,9 +760,11 @@ def is_line_short_enough(  # noqa: C901
     if not line_str:
         line_str = line_to_string(line)
 
+    width = str_width if mode.preview else len
+
     if Preview.multiline_string_handling not in mode:
         return (
-            len(line_str) <= mode.line_length
+            width(line_str) <= mode.line_length
             and "\n" not in line_str  # multiline strings
             and not line.contains_standalone_comments()
         )
@@ -770,10 +773,10 @@ def is_line_short_enough(  # noqa: C901
         return False
     if "\n" not in line_str:
         # No multiline strings (MLS) present
-        return len(line_str) <= mode.line_length
+        return width(line_str) <= mode.line_length
 
     first, *_, last = line_str.split("\n")
-    if len(first) > mode.line_length or len(last) > mode.line_length:
+    if width(first) > mode.line_length or width(last) > mode.line_length:
         return False
 
     # Traverse the AST to examine the context of the multiline string (MLS),
diff --git a/src/black/strings.py b/src/black/strings.py
index 3e3bc12..ac18aef 100644
--- a/src/black/strings.py
+++ b/src/black/strings.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
 else:
     from typing import Final
 
+from black._width_table import WIDTH_TABLE
 
 STRING_PREFIX_CHARS: Final = "furbFURB"  # All possible string prefix characters.
 STRING_PREFIX_RE: Final = re.compile(
@@ -278,3 +279,57 @@ def normalize_unicode_escape_sequences(leaf: Leaf) -> None:
             return back_slashes + "N{" + groups["N"].upper() + "}"
 
     leaf.value = re.sub(UNICODE_ESCAPE_RE, replace, text)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def char_width(char: str) -> int:
+    """Return the width of a single character as it would be displayed in a
+    terminal or editor (which respects Unicode East Asian Width).
+
+    Full width characters are counted as 2, while half width characters are
+    counted as 1.  Also control characters are counted as 0.
+    """
+    table = WIDTH_TABLE
+    codepoint = ord(char)
+    highest = len(table) - 1
+    lowest = 0
+    idx = highest // 2
+    while True:
+        start_codepoint, end_codepoint, width = table[idx]
+        if codepoint < start_codepoint:
+            highest = idx - 1
+        elif codepoint > end_codepoint:
+            lowest = idx + 1
+        else:
+            return 0 if width < 0 else width
+        if highest < lowest:
+            break
+        idx = (highest + lowest) // 2
+    return 1
+
+
+def str_width(line_str: str) -> int:
+    """Return the width of `line_str` as it would be displayed in a terminal
+    or editor (which respects Unicode East Asian Width).
+
+    You could utilize this function to determine, for example, if a string
+    is too wide to display in a terminal or editor.
+    """
+    if line_str.isascii():
+        # Fast path for a line consisting of only ASCII characters
+        return len(line_str)
+    return sum(map(char_width, line_str))
+
+
+def count_chars_in_width(line_str: str, max_width: int) -> int:
+    """Count the number of characters in `line_str` that would fit in a
+    terminal or editor of `max_width` (which respects Unicode East Asian
+    Width).
+    """
+    total_width = 0
+    for i, char in enumerate(line_str):
+        width = char_width(char)
+        if width + total_width > max_width:
+            return i
+        total_width += width
+    return len(line_str)
diff --git a/src/black/trans.py b/src/black/trans.py
index a6a416e..95695f3 100644
--- a/src/black/trans.py
+++ b/src/black/trans.py
@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ from black.nodes import (
 from black.rusty import Err, Ok, Result
 from black.strings import (
     assert_is_leaf_string,
+    count_chars_in_width,
     get_string_prefix,
     has_triple_quotes,
     normalize_string_quotes,
+    str_width,
 )
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import token
 from blib2to3.pytree import Leaf, Node
@@ -71,6 +73,8 @@ StringID = int
 TResult = Result[T, CannotTransform]  # (T)ransform Result
 TMatchResult = TResult[List[Index]]
 
+SPLIT_SAFE_CHARS = frozenset(["\u3001", "\u3002", "\uff0c"])  # East Asian stops
+
 
 def TErr(err_msg: str) -> Err[CannotTransform]:
     """(T)ransform Err
@@ -1164,7 +1168,7 @@ class BaseStringSplitter(StringTransformer):
             # WMA4 the length of the inline comment.
             offset += len(comment_leaf.value)
 
-        max_string_length = self.line_length - offset
+        max_string_length = count_chars_in_width(str(line), self.line_length - offset)
         return max_string_length
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1419,11 +1423,13 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
             is_valid_index(string_idx + 1) and LL[string_idx + 1].type == token.COMMA
         )
 
-        def max_last_string() -> int:
+        def max_last_string_column() -> int:
             """
             Returns:
-                The max allowed length of the string value used for the last
-                line we will construct.
+                The max allowed width of the string value used for the last
+                line we will construct.  Note that this value means the width
+                rather than the number of characters (e.g., many East Asian
+                characters expand to two columns).
             """
             result = self.line_length
             result -= line.depth * 4
@@ -1431,14 +1437,14 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
             result -= string_op_leaves_length
             return result
 
-        # --- Calculate Max Break Index (for string value)
+        # --- Calculate Max Break Width (for string value)
         # We start with the line length limit
-        max_break_idx = self.line_length
+        max_break_width = self.line_length
         # The last index of a string of length N is N-1.
-        max_break_idx -= 1
+        max_break_width -= 1
         # Leading whitespace is not present in the string value (e.g. Leaf.value).
-        max_break_idx -= line.depth * 4
-        if max_break_idx < 0:
+        max_break_width -= line.depth * 4
+        if max_break_width < 0:
             yield TErr(
                 f"Unable to split {LL[string_idx].value} at such high of a line depth:"
                 f" {line.depth}"
@@ -1451,7 +1457,7 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
         # line limit.
         use_custom_breakpoints = bool(
             custom_splits
-            and all(csplit.break_idx <= max_break_idx for csplit in custom_splits)
+            and all(csplit.break_idx <= max_break_width for csplit in custom_splits)
         )
 
         # Temporary storage for the remaining chunk of the string line that
@@ -1467,7 +1473,7 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
             if use_custom_breakpoints:
                 return len(custom_splits) > 1
             else:
-                return len(rest_value) > max_last_string()
+                return str_width(rest_value) > max_last_string_column()
 
         string_line_results: List[Ok[Line]] = []
         while more_splits_should_be_made():
@@ -1477,7 +1483,10 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
                 break_idx = csplit.break_idx
             else:
                 # Algorithmic Split (automatic)
-                max_bidx = max_break_idx - string_op_leaves_length
+                max_bidx = (
+                    count_chars_in_width(rest_value, max_break_width)
+                    - string_op_leaves_length
+                )
                 maybe_break_idx = self._get_break_idx(rest_value, max_bidx)
                 if maybe_break_idx is None:
                     # If we are unable to algorithmically determine a good split
@@ -1574,7 +1583,7 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
 
             # Try to fit them all on the same line with the last substring...
             if (
-                len(temp_value) <= max_last_string()
+                str_width(temp_value) <= max_last_string_column()
                 or LL[string_idx + 1].type == token.COMMA
             ):
                 last_line.append(rest_leaf)
@@ -1694,6 +1703,7 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
                 section of this classes' docstring would be be met by returning @i.
             """
             is_space = string[i] == " "
+            is_split_safe = is_valid_index(i - 1) and string[i - 1] in SPLIT_SAFE_CHARS
 
             is_not_escaped = True
             j = i - 1
@@ -1706,7 +1716,7 @@ class StringSplitter(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
                 and len(string[:i]) >= self.MIN_SUBSTR_SIZE
             )
             return (
-                is_space
+                (is_space or is_split_safe)
                 and is_not_escaped
                 and is_big_enough
                 and not breaks_unsplittable_expression(i)
@@ -1851,11 +1861,13 @@ class StringParenWrapper(BaseStringSplitter, CustomSplitMapMixin):
 
         if string_idx is not None:
             string_value = line.leaves[string_idx].value
-            # If the string has no spaces...
-            if " " not in string_value:
+            # If the string has neither spaces nor East Asian stops...
+            if not any(
+                char == " " or char in SPLIT_SAFE_CHARS for char in string_value
+            ):
                 # And will still violate the line length limit when split...
-                max_string_length = self.line_length - ((line.depth + 1) * 4)
-                if len(string_value) > max_string_length:
+                max_string_width = self.line_length - ((line.depth + 1) * 4)
+                if str_width(string_value) > max_string_width:
                     # And has no associated custom splits...
                     if not self.has_custom_splits(string_value):
                         # Then we should NOT put this string on its own line.
diff --git a/tests/data/preview/long_strings__east_asian_width.py b/tests/data/preview/long_strings__east_asian_width.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb66a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/preview/long_strings__east_asian_width.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# The following strings do not have not-so-many chars, but are long enough
+# when these are rendered in a monospace font (if the renderer respects
+# Unicode East Asian Width properties).
+hangul = '코드포인트 수는 적으나 실제 터미널이나 에디터에서 렌더링될 땐 너무 길어서 줄바꿈이 필요한 문자열'
+hanzi = '中文測試：代碼點數量少，但在真正的終端模擬器或編輯器中呈現時太長，因此需要換行的字符串。'
+japanese = 'コードポイントの数は少ないが、実際の端末エミュレータやエディタでレンダリングされる時は長すぎる為、改行が要る文字列'
+
+# output
+
+# The following strings do not have not-so-many chars, but are long enough
+# when these are rendered in a monospace font (if the renderer respects
+# Unicode East Asian Width properties).
+hangul = (
+    "코드포인트 수는 적으나 실제 터미널이나 에디터에서 렌더링될 땐 너무 길어서 줄바꿈이"
+    " 필요한 문자열"
+)
+hanzi = (
+    "中文測試：代碼點數量少，但在真正的終端模擬器或編輯器中呈現時太長，"
+    "因此需要換行的字符串。"
+)
+japanese = (
+    "コードポイントの数は少ないが、"
+    "実際の端末エミュレータやエディタでレンダリングされる時は長すぎる為、"
+    "改行が要る文字列"
+)