Add option to skip the first line of source code (#3299)

Add option to skip the first line of source code (#3299)

* Add option to skip the first line in source file

This commit adds a CLi option to skip the first line in the source
files, just like the Cpython command line allows [1]. By enabling the
flag, using `-x` or `--skip-source-first-line`, the first line is
removed temporarilly while the remaining contents are formatted. The
first line is added back before returning the formatted output.

[1]: https://docs.python.org/dev/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-x

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Add tests for `--skip-source-first-line` option

When the flag is disabled (default), black formats the entire source
file, as in every line. In the other hand, if the flag is enabled, by
using `-x` or `--skip-source-first-line`, the first line is retained
while the rest of the source is formatted and then is added back.

These tests use an empty Python file that contains invalid syntax in
its first line (`invalid_header.py`, at `miscellaneous/`). First,
Black is invoked without enabling the flag which should result in an
exit code different than 0. When the flag is enabled, Black is
expected to return a successful exit code and the header is expected
to be retained (even if its not valid Python syntax).

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Support skip source first line option for blackd

The recently added option can be added as an acceptable header for
blackd. The arguments are passed in such a way that using the new
header will activate the skip source first line behaviour as expected

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Add skip source first line option to blackd docs

The new option can be passed to blackd as a header. This commit
updates the blackd docs to include the new header.

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Update CHANGES.md

Include the new Black option to skip the first line of source code in
the configuration section

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Update skip first line test including valid syntax

Including valid Python syntax help us make sure that the file is still
actually valid after skipping the first line of the source file (which
contains invalid Python syntax)

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Skip first source line at `format_file_in_place`

Instead of skipping the first source line at `format_file_contents`,
do it before. This allow us to find the correct newline and encoding
on the actual source code (everything that's after the header).

This change is also applied at Blackd: take the header before passing
the source to `format_file_contents` and put the header back once we
get the formatted result.

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Test output newlines when skipping first line

When skipping the first line of source code, the reference newline must
be taken from the second line of the file instead of the first one, in
case that the file mixes more than one kind of newline character

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Test that Blackd also skips first line correctly

Simliarly to the Black tests, we first compare that Blackd fails when
the first line is invalid Python syntax and then check that the result
is the expected when tha flag is activated

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>
* Use the content encoding to decode the header

When decoding the header to put it back at the top of the contents of
the file, use the same encoding used in the content. This should be a
better "guess" that using the default value

Signed-off-by: Antonio Ossa Guerra <aaossa@uc.cl>