Add `version` to github action (and rewrite the whole thing while at it) (#1940)

Commit history before merge:

* Add black_version to github action
* Merge upstream/main into this branch
* Add version support for the Black action pt.2

  Since we're moving to a composite based action, quite a few changes
  were made. 1) Support was added for all OSes (Windows was painful).
  2) Isolation from the rest of the workflow had to be done manually
  with a virtual environment.

  Other noteworthy changes:

  - Rewrote basically all of the logic and put it in a Python script
    for easy testing (not doing it here tho cause I'm lazy and I can't
    think of a reasonable way of testing it).
  - Renamed `black_version` to `version` to better fit the existing
    input naming scheme.
  - Added support for log groups, this makes our action's output a
    bit more fancy (I may or may have not added some debug output too).

* Add more to and sorta rewrite the Action's docs

  Reflect compatability and gotchas.

* Add CHANGELOG entry
* Merge main into this branch
* Remove debug; address typos; clean up action.yml

Co-authored-by: Richard Si <63936253+ichard26@users.noreply.github.com>