from __future__ import print_function
import copy
-import datetime
+import importlib
import json
import logging
import os
-import pytz
import six
import sys
-import subprocess
-import tzlocal
+
+from .serializing import SerializingObject
DATE_FORMAT = '%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ'
REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE = 10
PENDING = 'pending'
COMPLETED = 'completed'
-
-VERSION_2_1_0 = six.u('2.1.0')
-VERSION_2_2_0 = six.u('2.2.0')
-VERSION_2_3_0 = six.u('2.3.0')
-VERSION_2_4_0 = six.u('2.4.0')
+DELETED = 'deleted'
+WAITING = 'waiting'
+RECURRING = 'recurring'
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-local_zone = tzlocal.get_localzone()
-
-
-class TaskWarriorException(Exception):
- pass
class ReadOnlyDictView(object):
def __len__(self):
return len(self.viewed_dict)
+ def __unicode__(self):
+ return six.u('ReadOnlyDictView: {0}'.format(repr(self.viewed_dict)))
+
+ __repr__ = __unicode__
+
def get(self, key, default=None):
return copy.deepcopy(self.viewed_dict.get(key, default))
return [copy.deepcopy(v) for v in self.viewed_dict.values()]
-class SerializingObject(object):
- """
- Common ancestor for TaskResource & TaskFilter, since they both
- need to serialize arguments.
-
- Serializing method should hold the following contract:
- - any empty value (meaning removal of the attribute)
- is deserialized into a empty string
- - None denotes a empty value for any attribute
-
- Deserializing method should hold the following contract:
- - None denotes a empty value for any attribute (however,
- this is here as a safeguard, TaskWarrior currently does
- not export empty-valued attributes) if the attribute
- is not iterable (e.g. list or set), in which case
- a empty iterable should be used.
-
- Normalizing methods should hold the following contract:
- - They are used to validate and normalize the user input.
- Any attribute value that comes from the user (during Task
- initialization, assignign values to Task attributes, or
- filtering by user-provided values of attributes) is first
- validated and normalized using the normalize_{key} method.
- - If validation or normalization fails, normalizer is expected
- to raise ValueError.
- """
-
- def _deserialize(self, key, value):
- hydrate_func = getattr(self, 'deserialize_{0}'.format(key),
- lambda x: x if x != '' else None)
- return hydrate_func(value)
-
- def _serialize(self, key, value):
- dehydrate_func = getattr(self, 'serialize_{0}'.format(key),
- lambda x: x if x is not None else '')
- return dehydrate_func(value)
-
- def _normalize(self, key, value):
- """
- Use normalize_<key> methods to normalize user input. Any user
- input will be normalized at the moment it is used as filter,
- or entered as a value of Task attribute.
- """
-
- # None value should not be converted by normalizer
- if value is None:
- return None
-
- normalize_func = getattr(self, 'normalize_{0}'.format(key),
- lambda x: x)
-
- return normalize_func(value)
-
- def timestamp_serializer(self, date):
- if not date:
- return ''
-
- # Any serialized timestamp should be localized, we need to
- # convert to UTC before converting to string (DATE_FORMAT uses UTC)
- date = date.astimezone(pytz.utc)
-
- return date.strftime(DATE_FORMAT)
-
- def timestamp_deserializer(self, date_str):
- if not date_str:
- return None
-
- # Return timestamp localized in the local zone
- naive_timestamp = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, DATE_FORMAT)
- localized_timestamp = pytz.utc.localize(naive_timestamp)
- return localized_timestamp.astimezone(local_zone)
-
- def serialize_entry(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_entry(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_entry(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_modified(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_modified(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_modified(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_start(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_start(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_start(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_end(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_end(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_end(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_due(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_due(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_due(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_scheduled(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_scheduled(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_scheduled(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_until(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_until(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_until(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_wait(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_serializer(value)
-
- def deserialize_wait(self, value):
- return self.timestamp_deserializer(value)
-
- def normalize_wait(self, value):
- return self.datetime_normalizer(value)
-
- def serialize_annotations(self, value):
- value = value if value is not None else []
-
- # This may seem weird, but it's correct, we want to export
- # a list of dicts as serialized value
- serialized_annotations = [json.loads(annotation.export_data())
- for annotation in value]
- return serialized_annotations if serialized_annotations else ''
-
- def deserialize_annotations(self, data):
- return [TaskAnnotation(self, d) for d in data] if data else []
-
- def serialize_tags(self, tags):
- return ','.join(tags) if tags else ''
-
- def deserialize_tags(self, tags):
- if isinstance(tags, six.string_types):
- return tags.split(',') if tags else []
- return tags or []
-
- def serialize_depends(self, value):
- # Return the list of uuids
- value = value if value is not None else set()
- return ','.join(task['uuid'] for task in value)
-
- def deserialize_depends(self, raw_uuids):
- raw_uuids = raw_uuids or '' # Convert None to empty string
- uuids = raw_uuids.split(',')
- return set(self.warrior.tasks.get(uuid=uuid) for uuid in uuids if uuid)
-
- def datetime_normalizer(self, value):
- """
- Normalizes date/datetime value (considered to come from user input)
- to localized datetime value. Following conversions happen:
-
- naive date -> localized datetime with the same date, and time=midnight
- naive datetime -> localized datetime with the same value
- localized datetime -> localized datetime (no conversion)
- """
-
- if (isinstance(value, datetime.date)
- and not isinstance(value, datetime.datetime)):
- # Convert to local midnight
- value_full = datetime.datetime.combine(value, datetime.time.min)
- localized = local_zone.localize(value_full)
- elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime) and value.tzinfo is None:
- # Convert to localized datetime object
- localized = local_zone.localize(value)
- else:
- # If the value is already localized, there is no need to change
- # time zone at this point. Also None is a valid value too.
- localized = value
-
- return localized
-
- def normalize_uuid(self, value):
- # Enforce sane UUID
- if not isinstance(value, six.string_types) or value == '':
- raise ValueError("UUID must be a valid non-empty string, "
- "not: {}".format(value))
-
- return value
-
-
class TaskResource(SerializingObject):
read_only_fields = []
# are not propagated.
self._original_data = copy.deepcopy(self._data)
- def _update_data(self, data, update_original=False):
+ def _update_data(self, data, update_original=False, remove_missing=False):
"""
Low level update of the internal _data dict. Data which are coming as
updates should already be serialized. If update_original is True, the
self._data.update(dict((key, self._deserialize(key, value))
for key, value in data.items()))
+ # In certain situations, we want to treat missing keys as removals
+ if remove_missing:
+ for key in set(self._data.keys()) - set(data.keys()):
+ self._data[key] = None
+
if update_original:
self._original_data = copy.deepcopy(self._data)
-
def __getitem__(self, key):
# This is a workaround to make TaskResource non-iterable
# over simple index-based iteration
# to pass that to TaskWarrior.
data_tuples = filter(lambda t: t[1] is not '', data_tuples)
data = dict(data_tuples)
- return json.dumps(data, separators=(',',':'))
+ return json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
@property
def _modified_fields(self):
class TaskAnnotation(TaskResource):
read_only_fields = ['entry', 'description']
- def __init__(self, task, data={}):
+ def __init__(self, task, data=None):
self.task = task
- self._load_data(data)
+ self._load_data(data or dict())
+ super(TaskAnnotation, self).__init__(task.backend)
def remove(self):
self.task.remove_annotation(self)
# their data dics are the same
return self.task == other.task and self._data == other._data
+ def __ne__(self, other):
+ return not self.__eq__(other)
+
__repr__ = __unicode__
"""
pass
+ class ActiveTask(Exception):
+ """
+ Raised when the operation cannot be performed on the active task.
+ """
+ pass
+
+ class InactiveTask(Exception):
+ """
+ Raised when the operation cannot be performed on an inactive task.
+ """
+ pass
+
class NotSaved(Exception):
"""
Raised when the operation cannot be performed on the task, because
pass
@classmethod
- def from_input(cls, input_file=sys.stdin, modify=None, warrior=None):
+ def from_input(cls, input_file=sys.stdin, modify=None, backend=None):
"""
Creates a Task object, directly from the stdin, by reading one line.
If modify=True, two lines are used, first line interpreted as the
modify = name.startswith('on-modify') if modify is None else modify
# Create the TaskWarrior instance if none passed
- if warrior is None:
+ if backend is None:
+ backends = importlib.import_module('tasklib.backends')
hook_parent_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]))
- warrior = TaskWarrior(data_location=hook_parent_dir)
+ backend = backends.TaskWarrior(data_location=hook_parent_dir)
# TaskWarrior instance is set to None
- task = cls(warrior)
+ task = cls(backend)
# Load the data from the input
task._load_data(json.loads(input_file.readline().strip()))
# If this is a on-modify event, we are provided with additional
# line of input, which provides updated data
if modify:
- task._update_data(json.loads(input_file.readline().strip()))
+ task._update_data(json.loads(input_file.readline().strip()),
+ remove_missing=True)
return task
- def __init__(self, warrior, **kwargs):
- self.warrior = warrior
+ def __init__(self, backend, **kwargs):
+ super(Task, self).__init__(backend)
# Check that user is not able to set read-only value in __init__
for key in kwargs.keys():
# If the tasks are not saved, compare the actual instances
return id(self) == id(other)
+ def __ne__(self, other):
+ return not self.__eq__(other)
def __hash__(self):
if self['uuid']:
def pending(self):
return self['status'] == six.text_type('pending')
+ @property
+ def recurring(self):
+ return self['status'] == six.text_type('recurring')
+
+ @property
+ def active(self):
+ return self['start'] is not None
+
@property
def saved(self):
return self['uuid'] is not None or self['id'] is not None
# Check that all the tasks are saved
for task in (cur_dependencies or set()):
if not task.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved('Task \'%s\' needs to be saved before '
- 'it can be set as dependency.' % task)
+ raise Task.NotSaved(
+ 'Task \'%s\' needs to be saved before '
+ 'it can be set as dependency.' % task,
+ )
return super(Task, self).serialize_depends(cur_dependencies)
- def format_depends(self):
- # We need to generate added and removed dependencies list,
- # since Taskwarrior does not accept redefining dependencies.
-
- # This cannot be part of serialize_depends, since we need
- # to keep a list of all depedencies in the _data dictionary,
- # not just currently added/removed ones
-
- old_dependencies = self._original_data.get('depends', set())
-
- added = self['depends'] - old_dependencies
- removed = old_dependencies - self['depends']
-
- # Removed dependencies need to be prefixed with '-'
- return 'depends:' + ','.join(
- [t['uuid'] for t in added] +
- ['-' + t['uuid'] for t in removed]
- )
-
- def format_description(self):
- # Task version older than 2.4.0 ignores first word of the
- # task description if description: prefix is used
- if self.warrior.version < VERSION_2_4_0:
- return self._data['description']
- else:
- return "description:'{0}'".format(self._data['description'] or '')
-
def delete(self):
if not self.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved("Task needs to be saved before it can be deleted")
+ raise Task.NotSaved(
+ 'Task needs to be saved before it can be deleted',
+ )
# Refresh the status, and raise exception if the task is deleted
self.refresh(only_fields=['status'])
if self.deleted:
- raise Task.DeletedTask("Task was already deleted")
+ raise Task.DeletedTask('Task was already deleted')
- self.warrior.execute_command([self['uuid'], 'delete'])
+ self.backend.delete_task(self)
# Refresh the status again, so that we have updated info stored
self.refresh(only_fields=['status', 'start', 'end'])
def start(self):
if not self.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved("Task needs to be saved before it can be started")
+ raise Task.NotSaved(
+ 'Task needs to be saved before it can be started',
+ )
# Refresh, and raise exception if task is already completed/deleted
self.refresh(only_fields=['status'])
if self.completed:
- raise Task.CompletedTask("Cannot start a completed task")
+ raise Task.CompletedTask('Cannot start a completed task')
elif self.deleted:
- raise Task.DeletedTask("Deleted task cannot be started")
+ raise Task.DeletedTask('Deleted task cannot be started')
+ elif self.active:
+ raise Task.ActiveTask('Task is already active')
- self.warrior.execute_command([self['uuid'], 'start'])
+ self.backend.start_task(self)
+
+ # Refresh the status again, so that we have updated info stored
+ self.refresh(only_fields=['status', 'start'])
+
+ def stop(self):
+ if not self.saved:
+ raise Task.NotSaved(
+ 'Task needs to be saved before it can be stopped',
+ )
+
+ # Refresh, and raise exception if task is already completed/deleted
+ self.refresh(only_fields=['status'])
+
+ if not self.active:
+ raise Task.InactiveTask('Cannot stop an inactive task')
+
+ self.backend.stop_task(self)
# Refresh the status again, so that we have updated info stored
self.refresh(only_fields=['status', 'start'])
def done(self):
if not self.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved("Task needs to be saved before it can be completed")
+ raise Task.NotSaved(
+ 'Task needs to be saved before it can be completed',
+ )
# Refresh, and raise exception if task is already completed/deleted
self.refresh(only_fields=['status'])
if self.completed:
- raise Task.CompletedTask("Cannot complete a completed task")
+ raise Task.CompletedTask('Cannot complete a completed task')
elif self.deleted:
- raise Task.DeletedTask("Deleted task cannot be completed")
+ raise Task.DeletedTask('Deleted task cannot be completed')
- self.warrior.execute_command([self['uuid'], 'done'])
+ self.backend.complete_task(self)
# Refresh the status again, so that we have updated info stored
self.refresh(only_fields=['status', 'start', 'end'])
if self.saved and not self.modified:
return
- args = [self['uuid'], 'modify'] if self.saved else ['add']
- args.extend(self._get_modified_fields_as_args())
- output = self.warrior.execute_command(args)
-
- # Parse out the new ID, if the task is being added for the first time
- if not self.saved:
- id_lines = [l for l in output if l.startswith('Created task ')]
-
- # Complain loudly if it seems that more tasks were created
- # Should not happen
- if len(id_lines) != 1 or len(id_lines[0].split(' ')) != 3:
- raise TaskWarriorException("Unexpected output when creating "
- "task: %s" % '\n'.join(id_lines))
-
- # Circumvent the ID storage, since ID is considered read-only
- self._data['id'] = int(id_lines[0].split(' ')[2].rstrip('.'))
-
- # Refreshing is very important here, as not only modification time
- # is updated, but arbitrary attribute may have changed due hooks
- # altering the data before saving
- self.refresh()
+ # All the actual work is done by the backend
+ self.backend.save_task(self)
def add_annotation(self, annotation):
if not self.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved("Task needs to be saved to add annotation")
+ raise Task.NotSaved('Task needs to be saved to add annotation')
- args = [self['uuid'], 'annotate', annotation]
- self.warrior.execute_command(args)
+ self.backend.annotate_task(self, annotation)
self.refresh(only_fields=['annotations'])
def remove_annotation(self, annotation):
if not self.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved("Task needs to be saved to remove annotation")
+ raise Task.NotSaved('Task needs to be saved to remove annotation')
if isinstance(annotation, TaskAnnotation):
annotation = annotation['description']
- args = [self['uuid'], 'denotate', annotation]
- self.warrior.execute_command(args)
- self.refresh(only_fields=['annotations'])
- def _get_modified_fields_as_args(self):
- args = []
-
- def add_field(field):
- # Add the output of format_field method to args list (defaults to
- # field:value)
- serialized_value = self._serialize(field, self._data[field])
-
- # Empty values should not be enclosed in quotation marks, see
- # TW-1510
- if serialized_value is '':
- escaped_serialized_value = ''
- else:
- escaped_serialized_value = "'{0}'".format(serialized_value)
-
- format_default = lambda: "{0}:{1}".format(field,
- escaped_serialized_value)
-
- format_func = getattr(self, 'format_{0}'.format(field),
- format_default)
-
- args.append(format_func())
-
- # If we're modifying saved task, simply pass on all modified fields
- if self.saved:
- for field in self._modified_fields:
- add_field(field)
- # For new tasks, pass all fields that make sense
- else:
- for field in self._data.keys():
- if field in self.read_only_fields:
- continue
- add_field(field)
-
- return args
+ self.backend.denotate_task(self, annotation)
+ self.refresh(only_fields=['annotations'])
- def refresh(self, only_fields=[]):
+ def refresh(self, only_fields=None, after_save=False):
# Raise error when trying to refresh a task that has not been saved
if not self.saved:
- raise Task.NotSaved("Task needs to be saved to be refreshed")
+ raise Task.NotSaved('Task needs to be saved to be refreshed')
+
+ new_data = self.backend.refresh_task(self, after_save=after_save)
- # We need to use ID as backup for uuid here for the refreshes
- # of newly saved tasks. Any other place in the code is fine
- # with using UUID only.
- args = [self['uuid'] or self['id'], 'export']
- new_data = json.loads(self.warrior.execute_command(args)[0])
if only_fields:
to_update = dict(
- [(k, new_data.get(k)) for k in only_fields])
+ [(k, new_data.get(k)) for k in only_fields],
+ )
self._update_data(to_update, update_original=True)
else:
self._load_data(new_data)
-class TaskFilter(SerializingObject):
- """
- A set of parameters to filter the task list with.
- """
-
- def __init__(self, filter_params=[]):
- self.filter_params = filter_params
-
- def add_filter(self, filter_str):
- self.filter_params.append(filter_str)
-
- def add_filter_param(self, key, value):
- key = key.replace('__', '.')
-
- # Replace the value with empty string, since that is the
- # convention in TW for empty values
- attribute_key = key.split('.')[0]
-
- # Since this is user input, we need to normalize before we serialize
- value = self._normalize(key, value)
- value = self._serialize(attribute_key, value)
-
- # If we are filtering by uuid:, do not use uuid keyword
- # due to TW-1452 bug
- if key == 'uuid':
- self.filter_params.insert(0, value)
- else:
- # Surround value with aphostrophes unless it's a empty string
- value = "'%s'" % value if value else ''
-
- # We enforce equality match by using 'is' (or 'none') modifier
- # Without using this syntax, filter fails due to TW-1479
- modifier = '.is' if value else '.none'
- key = key + modifier if '.' not in key else key
-
- self.filter_params.append("{0}:{1}".format(key, value))
-
- def get_filter_params(self):
- return [f for f in self.filter_params if f]
-
- def clone(self):
- c = self.__class__()
- c.filter_params = list(self.filter_params)
- return c
-
class TaskQuerySet(object):
"""
Represents a lazy lookup for a task objects.
"""
- def __init__(self, warrior=None, filter_obj=None):
- self.warrior = warrior
+ def __init__(self, backend, filter_obj=None):
+ self.backend = backend
self._result_cache = None
- self.filter_obj = filter_obj or TaskFilter()
+ self.filter_obj = filter_obj or self.backend.filter_class(backend)
def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
"""
Deep copy of a QuerySet doesn't populate the cache
"""
- obj = self.__class__()
+ obj = self.__class__(backend=self.backend)
for k, v in self.__dict__.items():
if k in ('_iter', '_result_cache'):
obj.__dict__[k] = None
def __repr__(self):
data = list(self[:REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1])
if len(data) > REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE:
- data[-1] = "...(remaining elements truncated)..."
+ data[-1] = '...(remaining elements truncated)...'
return repr(data)
def __len__(self):
if klass is None:
klass = self.__class__
filter_obj = self.filter_obj.clone()
- c = klass(warrior=self.warrior, filter_obj=filter_obj)
+ c = klass(backend=self.backend, filter_obj=filter_obj)
c.__dict__.update(kwargs)
return c
"""
Fetch the tasks which match the current filters.
"""
- return self.warrior.filter_tasks(self.filter_obj)
+ return self.backend.filter_tasks(self.filter_obj)
def all(self):
"""
def completed(self):
return self.filter(status=COMPLETED)
+ def deleted(self):
+ return self.filter(status=DELETED)
+
+ def waiting(self):
+ return self.filter(status=WAITING)
+
+ def recurring(self):
+ return self.filter(status=RECURRING)
+
def filter(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Returns a new TaskQuerySet with the given filters added.
if not num:
raise Task.DoesNotExist(
'Task matching query does not exist. '
- 'Lookup parameters were {0}'.format(kwargs))
+ 'Lookup parameters were {0}'.format(kwargs),
+ )
raise ValueError(
'get() returned more than one Task -- it returned {0}! '
- 'Lookup parameters were {1}'.format(num, kwargs))
-
-
-class TaskWarrior(object):
- def __init__(self, data_location='~/.task', create=True):
- data_location = os.path.expanduser(data_location)
- if create and not os.path.exists(data_location):
- os.makedirs(data_location)
- self.config = {
- 'data.location': os.path.expanduser(data_location),
- 'confirmation': 'no',
- 'dependency.confirmation': 'no', # See TW-1483 or taskrc man page
- 'recurrence.confirmation': 'no', # Necessary for modifying R tasks
- }
- self.tasks = TaskQuerySet(self)
- self.version = self._get_version()
-
- def _get_command_args(self, args, config_override={}):
- command_args = ['task', 'rc:/']
- config = self.config.copy()
- config.update(config_override)
- for item in config.items():
- command_args.append('rc.{0}={1}'.format(*item))
- command_args.extend(map(str, args))
- return command_args
-
- def _get_version(self):
- p = subprocess.Popen(
- ['task', '--version'],
- stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
- stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
- stdout, stderr = [x.decode('utf-8') for x in p.communicate()]
- return stdout.strip('\n')
-
- def execute_command(self, args, config_override={}, allow_failure=True):
- command_args = self._get_command_args(
- args, config_override=config_override)
- logger.debug(' '.join(command_args))
- p = subprocess.Popen(command_args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
- stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
- stdout, stderr = [x.decode('utf-8') for x in p.communicate()]
- if p.returncode and allow_failure:
- if stderr.strip():
- error_msg = stderr.strip()
- else:
- error_msg = stdout.strip()
- raise TaskWarriorException(error_msg)
- return stdout.strip().split('\n')
-
- def enforce_recurrence(self):
- # Run arbitrary report command which will trigger generation
- # of recurrent tasks.
- # TODO: Make a version dependant enforcement once
- # TW-1531 is handled
- self.execute_command(['next'], allow_failure=False)
-
- def filter_tasks(self, filter_obj):
- self.enforce_recurrence()
- args = ['export', '--'] + filter_obj.get_filter_params()
- tasks = []
- for line in self.execute_command(args):
- if line:
- data = line.strip(',')
- try:
- filtered_task = Task(self)
- filtered_task._load_data(json.loads(data))
- tasks.append(filtered_task)
- except ValueError:
- raise TaskWarriorException('Invalid JSON: %s' % data)
- return tasks
-
- def merge_with(self, path, push=False):
- path = path.rstrip('/') + '/'
- self.execute_command(['merge', path], config_override={
- 'merge.autopush': 'yes' if push else 'no',
- })
-
- def undo(self):
- self.execute_command(['undo'])
+ 'Lookup parameters were {1}'.format(num, kwargs),
+ )