-# Technical Overview
-
-## The philosophy behind *Black*
-
-*Black* reformats entire files in place. It is not configurable. It
-doesn't take previous formatting into account. It doesn't reformat
-blocks that start with `# fmt: off` and end with `# fmt: on`. It also
-recognizes [YAPF](https://github.com/google/yapf)'s block comments to
-the same effect, as a courtesy for straddling code.
-
-## How *Black* formats files
-
-*Black* ignores previous formatting and applies uniform horizontal
-and vertical whitespace to your code. The rules for horizontal
-whitespace are pretty obvious and can be summarized as: do whatever
-makes `pycodestyle` happy.
-
-As for vertical whitespace, *Black* tries to render one full expression
-or simple statement per line. If this fits the allotted line length,
-great.
-
-```py3
-# in:
-
-l = [1,
- 2,
- 3,
-]
-
-# out:
-
-l = [1, 2, 3]
-```
-
-If not, *Black* will look at the contents of the first outer matching
-brackets and put that in a separate indented line.
-
-```py3
-# in:
-
-l = [[n for n in list_bosses()], [n for n in list_employees()]]
-
-# out:
-
-l = [
- [n for n in list_bosses()], [n for n in list_employees()]
-]
-```
-
-If that still doesn't fit the bill, it will decompose the internal
-expression further using the same rule, indenting matching brackets
-every time. If the contents of the matching brackets pair are
-comma-separated (like an argument list, or a dict literal, and so on)
-then *Black* will first try to keep them on the same line with the
-matching brackets. If that doesn't work, it will put all of them in
-separate lines.
-
-```py3
-# in:
-
-def very_important_function(template: str, *variables, file: os.PathLike, debug: bool = False):
- """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`."""
- with open(file, 'w') as f:
- ...
-
-# out:
-
-def very_important_function(
- template: str,
- *variables,
- file: os.PathLike,
- debug: bool = False,
-):
- """Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`."""
- with open(file, 'w') as f:
- ...
-```
-
-You might have noticed that closing brackets are always dedented and
-that a trailing comma is always added. Such formatting produces smaller
-diffs; when you add or remove an element, it's always just one line.
-Also, having the closing bracket dedented provides a clear delimiter
-between two distinct sections of the code that otherwise share the same
-indentation level (like the arguments list and the docstring in the
-example above).
-
-Unnecessary trailing commas are removed if an expression fits in one
-line. This makes it 1% more likely that your line won't exceed the
-allotted line length limit.
-
-*Black* avoids spurious vertical whitespace. This is in the spirit of
-PEP 8 which says that in-function vertical whitespace should only be
-used sparingly. One exception is control flow statements: *Black* will
-always emit an extra empty line after ``return``, ``raise``, ``break``,
-``continue``, and ``yield``. This is to make changes in control flow
-more prominent to readers of your code.
-
-That's it. The rest of the whitespace formatting rules follow PEP 8 and
-are designed to keep `pycodestyle` quiet.
-
-## Line length
-
-You probably noticed the peculiar default line length. *Black* defaults
-to 88 characters per line, which happens to be 10% over 80. This number
-was found to produce significantly shorter files than sticking with 80
-(the most popular), or even 79 (used by the standard library). In
-general, [90-ish seems like the wise choice](https://youtu.be/wf-BqAjZb8M?t=260).
-
-If you're paid by the line of code you write, you can pass
-`--line-length` with a lower number. *Black* will try to respect that.
-However, sometimes it won't be able to without breaking other rules. In
-those rare cases, auto-formatted code will exceed your allotted limit.
-
-You can also increase it, but remember that people with sight disabilities
-find it harder to work with line lengths exceeding 100 characters.
-It also adversely affects side-by-side diff review on typical screen
-resolutions. Long lines also make it harder to present code neatly
-in documentation or talk slides.
-
-If you're using Flake8, you can bump `max-line-length` to 88 and forget
-about it. Alternatively, use [Bugbear](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear)'s
-B950 warning instead of E501 and keep the max line length at 80 which
-you are probably already using. You'd do it like this:
-
-```ini
-[flake8]
-max-line-length = 80
-...
-select = C,E,F,W,B,B950
-ignore = E501
-```
-
-You'll find *Black*'s own .flake8 config file is configured like this.
-If you're curious about the reasoning behind B950, Bugbear's documentation
-explains it. The tl;dr is "it's like highway speed limits, we won't
-bother you if you overdo it by a few km/h".
-
-## Empty lines
-
-*Black* will allow single empty lines left by the original editors,
-except when they're added within parenthesized expressions. Since such
-expressions are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace
-is lost.
-
-It will also insert proper spacing before and after function definitions.
-It's one line before and after inner functions and two lines before and
-after module-level functions. *Black* will put those empty lines also
-between the function definition and any standalone comments that
-immediately precede the given function. If you want to comment on the
-entire function, use a docstring or put a leading comment in the function
-body.
-
-## Editor integration
-
-* Visual Studio Code: [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode)
-
-Any tool that can pipe code through *Black* using its stdio mode (just
-[use `-` as the file name](http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/special-chars.html#DASHREF2)).
-The formatted code will be returned on stdout (unless `--check` was
-passed). *Black* will still emit messages on stderr but that shouldn't
-affect your use case.
-
-There is currently no integration with any other text editors. Vim and
-Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will require
-external contributions.
-
-Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨
projects / etc / vim.git / commitdiff