#!/usr/bin/perl
+#man{{{
+
=head1 NAME
mr - a Multiple Repository management tool
=head1 DESCRIPTION
-B<mr> is a Multiple Repository management tool. It allows you to register a
-set of repositories in a .mrconfig file, and then checkout, update, or
-perform other actions on the repositories as if they were one big
-respository.
-
-Any mix of revision control systems can be used with B<mr>, and you can
-define arbitrary actions for commands like "update", "checkout", or "commit".
+B<mr> is a Multiple Repository management tool. It
+can checkout, update, or perform other actions on
+a set of repositories as if they were one combined respository. It
+supports any combination of subversion, git, cvs, and bzr repositories,
+and support for other revision control systems can easily be added.
-B<mr> cds into and operates on all registered repsitories at or below your
+B<mr> cds into and operates on all registered repositories at or below your
working directory. Or, if you are in a subdirectory of a repository that
contains no other registered repositories, it will stay in that directory,
and work on only that repository,
-The predefined commands should be fairly familiar to users of any revision
+These predefined commands should be fairly familiar to users of any revision
control system:
=over 4
Show the commit log.
+=back
+
+These commands are also available:
+
+=over 4
+
=item list (or ls)
List the repositories that mr will act on.
=item register
Register an existing repository in the mrconfig file. By default, the
-epository in the current directory is registered, or you can specify a
+repository in the current directory is registered, or you can specify a
directory to register.
+By default it registers it to the ~/.mrconfig file. To make it write to a
+different file, use the -c option.
+
=item config
Adds, modifies, removes, or prints a value from the mrconfig file. The next
Be verbose.
+=item -s
+
+Expand the statistics line displayed at the end to include information
+about exactly which repositories failed and were skipped, if any.
+
+=item -n
+
+Just operate on the repository for the current directory, do not
+recurse into deeper repositories.
+
=back
=head1 FILES
chain = true
[src/linux-2.6]
- checkout = git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+ checkout = git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git &&
+ cd linux-2.6 &&
+ git checkout -b mybranch origin/master
The .mrconfig file uses a variant of the INI file format. Lines starting with
-"#" are comments. Lines ending with "\" are continued on to the next line.
+"#" are comments. Values can be continued to the following line by
+indenting the line with whitespace.
The "DEFAULT" section allows setting default values for the sections that
come after it.
"$@". The "checkout" command is run in the parent of the repository
directory, since the repository isn't checked out yet. All other commands
are run inside the repository, though not necessarily at the top of it.
+
The "MR_REPO" environment variable is set to the path to the top of the
-repository.
+repository, and "MR_CONFIG" is set to the .mrconfig file that defines the
+repo being acted on, or, if the repo is not yet in a config file, the
+.mrconfig file that mr thinks it should be added to.
A few parameters have special meanings:
=item skip
-If the "skip" parameter is set and its command returns nonzero, then B<mr>
+If the "skip" parameter is set and its command returns true, then B<mr>
will skip acting on that repository. The command is passed the action
name in $1.
=item chain
-If the "chain" parameter is set and its command returns nonzero, then B<mr>
+If the "chain" parameter is set and its command returns true, then B<mr>
will try to load a .mrconfig file from the root of the repository. (You
should avoid chaining from repositories with untrusted committers.)
=item deleted
-If the "deleted" parameter is set and its command returns nonzero, then
+If the "deleted" parameter is set and its command returns true, then
B<mr> will treat the repository as deleted. It won't ever actually delete
-the repository, but it will warn if it sees the repsoitory's directory.
+the repository, but it will warn if it sees the repository's directory.
This is useful when one mrconfig file is shared amoung multiple machines,
to keep track of and remember to delete old repositories.
=cut
+#}}}
+
use warnings;
use strict;
use Getopt::Long;
use Cwd qw(getcwd abs_path);
+$SIG{INT}=sub {
+ print STDERR "mr: interrupted\n";
+ exit 2;
+};
+
+$ENV{MR_CONFIG}="$ENV{HOME}/.mrconfig";
my $directory=getcwd();
-my $config="$ENV{HOME}/.mrconfig";
my $verbose=0;
+my $stats=0;
+my $no_recurse=0;
my %config;
+my %configfiles;
my %knownactions;
my %alias;
Getopt::Long::Configure("no_permute");
my $result=GetOptions(
"d|directory=s" => sub { $directory=abs_path($_[1]) },
- "c|config=s" => \$config,
- "verbose" => \$verbose,
+ "c|config=s" => \$ENV{MR_CONFIG},
+ "v|verbose" => \$verbose,
+ "s|stats" => \$stats,
+ "n|no-recurse" => \$no_recurse,
);
if (! $result || @ARGV < 1) {
die("Usage: mr [-d directory] action [params ...]\n".
}
+# Make sure MR_CONFIG is an absolute path, but don't use abs_path since
+# the config file might be a symlink to elsewhere, and the directory it's
+# in is significant.
+if ($ENV{MR_CONFIG} !~ /^\//) {
+ $ENV{MR_CONFIG}=getcwd()."/".$ENV{MR_CONFIG};
+}
+
loadconfig(\*DATA);
-loadconfig($config);
+loadconfig($ENV{MR_CONFIG});
#use Data::Dumper;
#print Dumper(\%config);
}
my $section=shift;
if ($section=~/^\//) {
- # try to convert to a path relative to $config's dir
- my ($dir)=$config=~/^(.*\/)[^\/]+$/;
+ # try to convert to a path relative to the config file
+ my ($dir)=$ENV{MR_CONFIG}=~/^(.*\/)[^\/]+$/;
+ $dir=abs_path($dir);
+ $dir.="/" unless $dir=~/\/$/;
if ($section=~/^\Q$dir\E(.*)/) {
$section=$1;
}
}
}
}
- modifyconfig($config, $section, %changefields) if %changefields;
+ modifyconfig($ENV{MR_CONFIG}, $section, %changefields) if %changefields;
exit 0;
}
elsif ($action eq 'register') {
my $d=$directory;
$dir.="/" unless $dir=~/\/$/;
$d.="/" unless $d=~/\/$/;
- next if $dir ne $directory && $dir !~ /^\Q$directory\E/;
+ next if $no_recurse && $d ne $dir;
+ next if $dir ne $d && $dir !~ /^\Q$d\E/;
push @repos, [$dir, $topdir, $subdir];
}
}
$nochdir=1;
}
-my (@failed, @successful, @skipped);
+my (@failed, @ok, @skipped);
foreach my $repo (@repos) {
action($action, @$repo);
}
-sub action {
+sub action { #{{{
my ($action, $dir, $topdir, $subdir) = @_;
-
- my $lib= exists $config{$topdir}{$subdir}{lib} ?
- $config{$topdir}{$subdir}{lib}."\n" : "";
+
+ $ENV{MR_CONFIG}=$configfiles{$topdir};
+ my $lib=exists $config{$topdir}{$subdir}{lib} ?
+ $config{$topdir}{$subdir}{lib}."\n" : "";
if (exists $config{$topdir}{$subdir}{deleted}) {
- if (! -d $dir) {
- return;
+ my $test="set -e;".$lib.$config{$topdir}{$subdir}{deleted};
+ print "mr $action: running deleted test >>$test<<\n" if $verbose;
+ my $ret=system($test);
+ if ($ret != 0) {
+ if (($? & 127) == 2) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: interrupted\n";
+ exit 2;
+ }
+ elsif ($? & 127) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: deleted test received signal ".($? & 127)."\n";
+ }
}
- else {
- my $test="set -e;".$lib.$config{$topdir}{$subdir}{deleted};
- print "mr $action: running deleted test >>$test<<\n" if $verbose;
- my $ret=system($test);
- if ($ret >> 8 == 0) {
+ if ($ret >> 8 == 0) {
+ if (-d $dir) {
print STDERR "mr error: $dir should be deleted yet still exists\n\n";
push @failed, $dir;
return;
}
+ else {
+ print "mr $action: $dir skipped (as deleted) per config file\n" if $verbose;
+ push @skipped, $dir;
+ return;
+ }
}
}
push @skipped, $dir;
return;
}
+
$dir=~s/^(.*)\/[^\/]+\/?$/$1/;
+
+ if (! -d $dir) {
+ print "mr $action: creating parent directory $dir\n" if $verbose;
+ my $ret=system("mkdir", "-p", $dir);
+ }
}
elsif ($action eq 'update') {
if (! -d $dir) {
"my_action(){ $config{$topdir}{$subdir}{skip}\n }; my_action '$action'";
print "mr $action: running skip test >>$test<<\n" if $verbose;
my $ret=system($test);
+ if ($ret != 0) {
+ if (($? & 127) == 2) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: interrupted\n";
+ exit 2;
+ }
+ elsif ($? & 127) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: skip test received signal ".($? & 127)."\n";
+ exit 1;
+ }
+ }
if ($ret >> 8 == 0) {
print "mr $action: $dir skipped per config file\n" if $verbose;
push @skipped, $dir;
print STDERR "mr $action: running >>$command<<\n" if $verbose;
my $ret=system($command);
if ($ret != 0) {
+ if (($? & 127) == 2) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: interrupted\n";
+ exit 2;
+ }
+ elsif ($? & 127) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: received signal ".($? & 127)."\n";
+ }
print STDERR "mr $action: failed ($ret)\n" if $verbose;
push @failed, $dir;
if ($ret >> 8 != 0) {
}
}
else {
- push @successful, $dir;
+ if ($action eq 'checkout' && ! -d $dir) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: $dir missing after checkout\n";;
+ push @failed, $dir;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ push @ok, $dir;
}
print "\n";
}
-}
+} #}}}
-sub showstat {
+sub showstat { #{{{
my $count=shift;
my $singular=shift;
my $plural=shift;
return "$count ".($count > 1 ? $plural : $singular);
}
return;
-}
-if (! @successful && ! @failed && ! @skipped) {
+} #}}}
+if (! @ok && ! @failed && ! @skipped) {
die "mr $action: no repositories found to work on\n";
}
print "mr $action: finished (".join("; ",
- showstat($#successful+1, "successful", "successful"),
+ showstat($#ok+1, "ok", "ok"),
showstat($#failed+1, "failed", "failed"),
showstat($#skipped+1, "skipped", "skipped"),
).")\n";
+if ($stats) {
+ if (@skipped) {
+ print "mr $action: (skipped: ".join(" ", @skipped).")\n";
+ }
+ if (@failed) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: (failed: ".join(" ", @failed).")\n";
+ }
+}
if (@failed) {
exit 1;
}
-elsif (! @successful && @skipped) {
+elsif (! @ok && @skipped) {
exit 1;
}
exit 0;
my %loaded;
-sub loadconfig {
+sub loadconfig { #{{{
my $f=shift;
my @toload;
my $in;
my $dir;
if (ref $f eq 'GLOB') {
- $in=$f;
$dir="";
+ $in=$f;
}
else {
if (! -e $f) {
}
$loaded{$absf}=1;
- print "mr: loading config $f\n" if $verbose;
- open($in, "<", $f) || die "mr: open $f: $!\n";
($dir)=$f=~/^(.*\/)[^\/]+$/;
if (! defined $dir) {
$dir=".";
# copy in defaults from first parent
my $parent=$dir;
- while ($parent=~s/^(.*)\/[^\/]+\/?$/$1/) {
+ while ($parent=~s/^(.*\/)[^\/]+\/?$/$1/) {
+ if ($parent eq '/') {
+ $parent="";
+ }
if (exists $config{$parent} &&
exists $config{$parent}{DEFAULT}) {
$config{$dir}{DEFAULT}={ %{$config{$parent}{DEFAULT}} };
last;
}
}
+
+ print "mr: loading config $f\n" if $verbose;
+ open($in, "<", $f) || die "mr: open $f: $!\n";
}
+ my @lines=<$in>;
+ close $in;
my $section;
- while (<$in>) {
+ my $line=0;
+ while (@lines) {
+ $_=shift @lines;
+ $line++;
chomp;
next if /^\s*\#/ || /^\s*$/;
- if (/^\s*\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
+ if (/^\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
$section=$1;
}
- elsif (/^\s*(\w+)\s*=\s*(.*)/) {
+ elsif (/^(\w+)\s*=\s*(.*)/) {
my $parameter=$1;
my $value=$2;
- # continuation line
- while ($value=~/(.*)\\$/s) {
- $value=$1."\n".<$in>;
+ # continued value
+ while (@lines && $lines[0]=~/^\s(.+)/) {
+ shift(@lines);
+ $line++;
+ $value.="\n$1";
chomp $value;
}
else {
$config{$dir}{$section}{$parameter}=$value;
$knownactions{$parameter}=1;
+ if (! exists $configfiles{$dir}) {
+ $configfiles{$dir}=abs_path($f);
+ }
if ($parameter eq 'chain' &&
length $dir && $section ne "DEFAULT" &&
- -e $dir.$section."/.mrconfig" &&
- system($value) >> 8 == 0) {
- push @toload, $dir.$section."/.mrconfig";
+ -e $dir.$section."/.mrconfig") {
+ my $ret=system($value);
+ if ($ret != 0) {
+ if (($? & 127) == 2) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: chain test interrupted\n";
+ exit 2;
+ }
+ elsif ($? & 127) {
+ print STDERR "mr $action: chain test received signal ".($? & 127)."\n";
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ push @toload, $dir.$section."/.mrconfig";
+ }
}
}
}
else {
- die "$f line $.: parse error\n";
+ die "$f line $line: parse error\n";
}
}
- close $in;
foreach (@toload) {
loadconfig($_);
}
-}
+} #}}}
-sub modifyconfig {
+sub modifyconfig { #{{{
my $f=shift;
# the section to modify or add
my $targetsection=shift;
close $in;
}
+ my $formatfield=sub {
+ my $field=shift;
+ my @value=split(/\n/, shift);
+
+ return "$field = ".shift(@value)."\n".
+ join("", map { "\t$_\n" } @value);
+ };
my $addfields=sub {
my @blanks;
while ($out[$#out] =~ /^\s*$/) {
foreach my $field (sort keys %changefields) {
if (length $changefields{$field}) {
push @out, "$field = $changefields{$field}\n";
+ delete $changefields{$field};
}
}
push @out, @blanks;
if (/^\s*\#/ || /^\s*$/) {
push @out, $_;
}
- elsif (/^\s*\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
+ elsif (/^\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
if (defined $section &&
$section eq $targetsection) {
$addfields->();
push @out, $_;
}
- elsif (/^\s*(\w+)\s*=\s(.*)/) {
+ elsif (/^(\w+)\s*=\s(.*)/) {
my $parameter=$1;
my $value=$2;
- # continuation line
- while ($value=~/(.*\\)$/s) {
- $value=$1."\n".shift(@lines);
+ # continued value
+ while (@lines && $lines[0]=~/^\s(.+)/) {
+ shift(@lines);
+ $value.="\n$1";
chomp $value;
}
}
}
- push @out, "$parameter = $value\n";
+ push @out, $formatfield->($parameter, $value);
}
}
if (defined $section &&
$section eq $targetsection) {
- $addfields->();
+ $addfields->();
}
elsif (%changefields) {
push @out, "\n[$targetsection]\n";
foreach my $field (sort keys %changefields) {
if (length $changefields{$field}) {
- push @out, "$field = $changefields{$field}\n";
+ push @out, $formatfield->($field, $changefields{$field});
}
}
}
open(my $out, ">", $f) || die "mr: write $f: $!\n";
print $out @out;
close $out;
-}
+} #}}}
# Finally, some useful actions that mr knows about by default.
# These can be overridden in ~/.mrconfig.
+#DATA{{{
__DATA__
[ALIAS]
- co = checkout
- ci = commit
- ls = list
+co = checkout
+ci = commit
+ls = list
[DEFAULT]
-lib = \
- error() { \
- echo "mr: $@" >&2 \
- exit 1 \
- } \
- hours_since() { \
- for dir in .git .svn .bzr CVS; do \
- if [ -e "$MR_REPO/$dir" ]; then \
- flagfile="$MR_REPO/$dir/.mr_last$1" \
- break \
- fi \
- done \
- if [ -z "$flagfile" ]; then \
- error "cannot determine flag filename" \
- fi \
- perl -wle 'print -f shift() ? int((-M _) * 24) : 9999' "$flagfile" \
- touch "$flagfile" \
+lib =
+ error() {
+ echo "mr: $@" >&2
+ exit 1
+ }
+ hours_since() {
+ for dir in .git .svn .bzr CVS; do
+ if [ -e "$MR_REPO/$dir" ]; then
+ flagfile="$MR_REPO/$dir/.mr_last$1"
+ break
+ fi
+ done
+ if [ -z "$flagfile" ]; then
+ error "cannot determine flag filename"
+ fi
+ perl -wle 'print -f shift() ? int((-M _) * 24) : 9999' "$flagfile"
+ touch "$flagfile"
}
-update = \
- if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then \
- svn update "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then \
- git pull origin master "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then \
- bzr merge "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then \
- cvs update "$@" \
- else \
- error "unknown repo type" \
+update =
+ if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then
+ svn update "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then
+ git pull origin master "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then
+ bzr merge "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then
+ cvs update "$@"
+ else
+ error "unknown repo type"
+ fi
+status =
+ if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then
+ svn status "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then
+ git status "$@" || true
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then
+ bzr status "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then
+ cvs status "$@"
+ else
+ error "unknown repo type"
+ fi
+commit =
+ if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then
+ svn commit "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then
+ git commit -a "$@" && git push --all
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then
+ bzr commit "$@" && bzr push
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then
+ cvs commit "$@"
+ else
+ error "unknown repo type"
fi
-status = \
- if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then \
- svn status "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then \
- git status "$@" || true \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then \
- bzr status "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then \
- cvs status "$@" \
- else \
- error "unknown repo type" \
+diff =
+ if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then
+ svn diff "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then
+ git diff "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then
+ bzr diff "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then
+ cvs diff "$@"
+ else
+ error "unknown repo type"
fi
-commit = \
- if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then \
- svn commit "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then \
- git commit -a "$@" && git push --all \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then \
- bzr commit "$@" && bzr push \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then \
- cvs commit "$@" \
- else \
- error "unknown repo type" \
+log =
+ if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then
+ svn log"$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then
+ git log "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then
+ bzr log "$@"
+ elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then
+ cvs log "$@"
+ else
+ error "unknown repo type"
fi
-diff = \
- if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then \
- svn diff "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then \
- git diff "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then \
- bzr diff "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then \
- cvs diff "$@" \
- else \
- error "unknown repo type" \
+register =
+ if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+ cd "$1"
fi
-log = \
- if [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.svn ]; then \
- svn log"$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.git ]; then \
- git log "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/.bzr ]; then \
- bzr log "$@" \
- elif [ -d "$MR_REPO"/CVS ]; then \
- cvs log "$@" \
- else \
- error "unknown repo type" \
+ basedir="$(basename $(pwd))"
+ if [ -d .svn ]; then
+ url=$(LANG=C svn info . | grep -i ^URL: | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
+ if [ -z "$url" ]; then
+ error "cannot determine svn url"
+ fi
+ echo "Registering svn url: $url in $MR_CONFIG"
+ mr -c "$MR_CONFIG" config "$(pwd)" checkout="svn co $url $basedir"
+ elif [ -d .git ]; then
+ url=$(LANG=C git-config --get remote.origin.url)
+ if [ -z "$url" ]; then
+ error "cannot determine git url"
+ fi
+ echo "Registering git url: $url in $MR_CONFIG"
+ mr -c "$MR_CONFIG" config "$(pwd)" checkout="git clone $url $basedir"
+ elif [ -d .bzr ]; then
+ url=$(cat .bzr/branch/parent)
+ if [ -z "$url" ]; then
+ error "cannot determine bzr url"
+ fi
+ echo "Registering bzr url: $url in $MR_CONFIG"
+ mr -c "$MR_CONFIG" config "$(pwd)" checkout="bzr clone $url $basedir"
+ elif [ -d CVS ]; then
+ repo=$(cat CVS/Repository)
+ root=$(cat CVS/Root)
+ if [ -z "$root" ]; then
+ error "cannot determine cvs root"
+ fi
+ echo "Registering cvs repository $repo at root $root"
+ mr -c "$MR_CONFIG" config "$(pwd)" \
+ checkout="cvs -d '$root' co -d $basedir $repo"
+ else
+ error "unable to register this repo type"
fi
-register = \
- if [ -n "$1" ]; then \
- cd "$1" \
- fi \
- basedir="$(basename $(pwd))" \
- if [ -d .svn ]; then \
- url=$(LANG=C svn info . | \
- grep -i ^URL: | cut -d ' ' -f 2) \
- if [ -z "$url" ]; then \
- error "cannot determine svn url" \
- fi \
- echo "Registering svn url: $url" \
- mr config "$(pwd)" checkout="svn co $url $basedir" \
- elif [ -d .git ]; then \
- url=$(LANG=C git-config --get remote.origin.url) \
- if [ -z "$url" ]; then \
- error "cannot determine git url" \
- fi \
- echo "Registering git url: $url" \
- mr config "$(pwd)" checkout="git clone $url $basedir" \
- elif [ -d .bzr ]; then \
- url=$(cat .bzr/branch/parent) \
- if [ -z "$url" ]; then \
- error "cannot determine bzr url" \
- fi \
- echo "Registering bzr url: $url" \
- mr config "$(pwd)" checkout="bzr clone $url $basedir" \
- else \
- error "unable to register this repo type" \
+help =
+ if [ ! -e "$MR_PATH" ]; then
+ error "cannot find program path"
fi
+ (pod2man -c mr "$MR_PATH" | man -l -) || error "pod2man or man failed"
list = true
config =
-help = \
- if [ ! -e "$MR_PATH" ]; then \
- error "cannot find program path" \
- fi \
- (pod2man -c mr "$MR_PATH" | man -l -) || \
- error "pod2man or man failed"
ed = echo "A horse is a horse, of course, of course.."
T = echo "I pity the fool."
+right = echo "Not found."
+#}}}
projects / code / myrepos.git / blobdiff