]> git.madduck.net Git - etc/vim.git/blobdiff - black.py

madduck's git repository

Every one of the projects in this repository is available at the canonical URL git://git.madduck.net/madduck/pub/<projectpath> — see each project's metadata for the exact URL.

All patches and comments are welcome. Please squash your changes to logical commits before using git-format-patch and git-send-email to patches@git.madduck.net. If you'd read over the Git project's submission guidelines and adhered to them, I'd be especially grateful.

SSH access, as well as push access can be individually arranged.

If you use my repositories frequently, consider adding the following snippet to ~/.gitconfig and using the third clone URL listed for each project:

[url "git://git.madduck.net/madduck/"]
  insteadOf = madduck:

Move profiling data out of tests/data
[etc/vim.git] / black.py
index 06bff0815a23022a7d94da00eb034d2bff92c82b..35daaa9d634fa0d0a278014df7277ef56d1af1fc 100644 (file)
--- a/black.py
+++ b/black.py
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 import asyncio
-import pickle
 from asyncio.base_events import BaseEventLoop
 from concurrent.futures import Executor, ProcessPoolExecutor
-from enum import Enum
-from functools import partial, wraps
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import Enum, Flag
+from functools import lru_cache, partial, wraps
+import io
 import keyword
 import logging
 from multiprocessing import Manager
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import pickle
 import re
-import tokenize
 import signal
 import sys
+import tokenize
 from typing import (
     Any,
     Callable,
@@ -30,11 +32,13 @@ from typing import (
     Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
+    cast,
 )
 
 from appdirs import user_cache_dir
 from attr import dataclass, Factory
 import click
+import toml
 
 # lib2to3 fork
 from blib2to3.pytree import Node, Leaf, type_repr
@@ -43,13 +47,19 @@ from blib2to3.pgen2 import driver, token
 from blib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError
 
 
-__version__ = "18.4a6"
+__version__ = "18.6b2"
 DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 88
+DEFAULT_EXCLUDES = (
+    r"/(\.git|\.hg|\.mypy_cache|\.tox|\.venv|_build|buck-out|build|dist)/"
+)
+DEFAULT_INCLUDES = r"\.pyi?$"
+CACHE_DIR = Path(user_cache_dir("black", version=__version__))
+
 
 # types
-syms = pygram.python_symbols
 FileContent = str
 Encoding = str
+NewLine = str
 Depth = int
 NodeType = int
 LeafID = int
@@ -64,6 +74,9 @@ Cache = Dict[Path, CacheInfo]
 out = partial(click.secho, bold=True, err=True)
 err = partial(click.secho, fg="red", err=True)
 
+pygram.initialize(CACHE_DIR)
+syms = pygram.python_symbols
+
 
 class NothingChanged(UserWarning):
     """Raised by :func:`format_file` when reformatted code is the same as source."""
@@ -110,6 +123,13 @@ class WriteBack(Enum):
     YES = 1
     DIFF = 2
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_configuration(cls, *, check: bool, diff: bool) -> "WriteBack":
+        if check and not diff:
+            return cls.NO
+
+        return cls.DIFF if diff else cls.YES
+
 
 class Changed(Enum):
     NO = 0
@@ -117,7 +137,61 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     YES = 2
 
 
-@click.command()
+class FileMode(Flag):
+    AUTO_DETECT = 0
+    PYTHON36 = 1
+    PYI = 2
+    NO_STRING_NORMALIZATION = 4
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_configuration(
+        cls, *, py36: bool, pyi: bool, skip_string_normalization: bool
+    ) -> "FileMode":
+        mode = cls.AUTO_DETECT
+        if py36:
+            mode |= cls.PYTHON36
+        if pyi:
+            mode |= cls.PYI
+        if skip_string_normalization:
+            mode |= cls.NO_STRING_NORMALIZATION
+        return mode
+
+
+def read_pyproject_toml(
+    ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: Union[str, int, bool, None]
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Inject Black configuration from "pyproject.toml" into defaults in `ctx`.
+
+    Returns the path to a successfully found and read configuration file, None
+    otherwise.
+    """
+    assert not isinstance(value, (int, bool)), "Invalid parameter type passed"
+    if not value:
+        root = find_project_root(ctx.params.get("src", ()))
+        path = root / "pyproject.toml"
+        if path.is_file():
+            value = str(path)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    try:
+        pyproject_toml = toml.load(value)
+        config = pyproject_toml.get("tool", {}).get("black", {})
+    except (toml.TomlDecodeError, OSError) as e:
+        raise click.BadOptionUsage(f"Error reading configuration file: {e}", ctx)
+
+    if not config:
+        return None
+
+    if ctx.default_map is None:
+        ctx.default_map = {}
+    ctx.default_map.update(  # type: ignore  # bad types in .pyi
+        {k.replace("--", "").replace("-", "_"): v for k, v in config.items()}
+    )
+    return value
+
+
+@click.command(context_settings=dict(help_option_names=["-h", "--help"]))
 @click.option(
     "-l",
     "--line-length",
@@ -126,6 +200,29 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     help="How many character per line to allow.",
     show_default=True,
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--py36",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all input files.  This will put "
+        "trailing commas in function signatures and calls also after *args and "
+        "**kwargs.  [default: per-file auto-detection]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--pyi",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Format all input files like typing stubs regardless of file extension "
+        "(useful when piping source on standard input)."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "-S",
+    "--skip-string-normalization",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help="Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes.",
+)
 @click.option(
     "--check",
     is_flag=True,
@@ -145,6 +242,31 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     is_flag=True,
     help="If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks. [default: --safe]",
 )
+@click.option(
+    "--include",
+    type=str,
+    default=DEFAULT_INCLUDES,
+    help=(
+        "A regular expression that matches files and directories that should be "
+        "included on recursive searches.  An empty value means all files are "
+        "included regardless of the name.  Use forward slashes for directories on "
+        "all platforms (Windows, too).  Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions "
+        "later."
+    ),
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--exclude",
+    type=str,
+    default=DEFAULT_EXCLUDES,
+    help=(
+        "A regular expression that matches files and directories that should be "
+        "excluded on recursive searches.  An empty value means no paths are excluded. "
+        "Use forward slashes for directories on all platforms (Windows, too).  "
+        "Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions later."
+    ),
+    show_default=True,
+)
 @click.option(
     "-q",
     "--quiet",
@@ -154,6 +276,15 @@ class Changed(Enum):
         "silence those with 2>/dev/null."
     ),
 )
+@click.option(
+    "-v",
+    "--verbose",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Also emit messages to stderr about files that were not changed or were "
+        "ignored due to --exclude=."
+    ),
+)
 @click.version_option(version=__version__)
 @click.argument(
     "src",
@@ -161,6 +292,16 @@ class Changed(Enum):
     type=click.Path(
         exists=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True, readable=True, allow_dash=True
     ),
+    is_eager=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--config",
+    type=click.Path(
+        exists=False, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False, readable=True, allow_dash=False
+    ),
+    is_eager=True,
+    callback=read_pyproject_toml,
+    help="Read configuration from PATH.",
 )
 @click.pass_context
 def main(
@@ -169,92 +310,135 @@ def main(
     check: bool,
     diff: bool,
     fast: bool,
+    pyi: bool,
+    py36: bool,
+    skip_string_normalization: bool,
     quiet: bool,
-    src: List[str],
+    verbose: bool,
+    include: str,
+    exclude: str,
+    src: Tuple[str],
+    config: Optional[str],
 ) -> None:
     """The uncompromising code formatter."""
-    sources: List[Path] = []
+    write_back = WriteBack.from_configuration(check=check, diff=diff)
+    mode = FileMode.from_configuration(
+        py36=py36, pyi=pyi, skip_string_normalization=skip_string_normalization
+    )
+    if config and verbose:
+        out(f"Using configuration from {config}.", bold=False, fg="blue")
+    try:
+        include_regex = re_compile_maybe_verbose(include)
+    except re.error:
+        err(f"Invalid regular expression for include given: {include!r}")
+        ctx.exit(2)
+    try:
+        exclude_regex = re_compile_maybe_verbose(exclude)
+    except re.error:
+        err(f"Invalid regular expression for exclude given: {exclude!r}")
+        ctx.exit(2)
+    report = Report(check=check, quiet=quiet, verbose=verbose)
+    root = find_project_root(src)
+    sources: Set[Path] = set()
     for s in src:
         p = Path(s)
         if p.is_dir():
-            sources.extend(gen_python_files_in_dir(p))
-        elif p.is_file():
+            sources.update(
+                gen_python_files_in_dir(p, root, include_regex, exclude_regex, report)
+            )
+        elif p.is_file() or s == "-":
             # if a file was explicitly given, we don't care about its extension
-            sources.append(p)
-        elif s == "-":
-            sources.append(Path("-"))
+            sources.add(p)
         else:
             err(f"invalid path: {s}")
-
-    if check and not diff:
-        write_back = WriteBack.NO
-    elif diff:
-        write_back = WriteBack.DIFF
-    else:
-        write_back = WriteBack.YES
-    report = Report(check=check, quiet=quiet)
     if len(sources) == 0:
-        out("No paths given. Nothing to do 😴")
+        if verbose or not quiet:
+            out("No paths given. Nothing to do 😴")
         ctx.exit(0)
-        return
 
-    elif len(sources) == 1:
-        reformat_one(sources[0], line_length, fast, write_back, report)
+    if len(sources) == 1:
+        reformat_one(
+            src=sources.pop(),
+            line_length=line_length,
+            fast=fast,
+            write_back=write_back,
+            mode=mode,
+            report=report,
+        )
     else:
         loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
         executor = ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=os.cpu_count())
         try:
             loop.run_until_complete(
                 schedule_formatting(
-                    sources, line_length, fast, write_back, report, loop, executor
+                    sources=sources,
+                    line_length=line_length,
+                    fast=fast,
+                    write_back=write_back,
+                    mode=mode,
+                    report=report,
+                    loop=loop,
+                    executor=executor,
                 )
             )
         finally:
             shutdown(loop)
-        if not quiet:
-            out("All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨")
-            click.echo(str(report))
+    if verbose or not quiet:
+        bang = "💥 💔 💥" if report.return_code else "✨ 🍰 ✨"
+        out(f"All done! {bang}")
+        click.secho(str(report), err=True)
     ctx.exit(report.return_code)
 
 
 def reformat_one(
-    src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: WriteBack, report: "Report"
+    src: Path,
+    line_length: int,
+    fast: bool,
+    write_back: WriteBack,
+    mode: FileMode,
+    report: "Report",
 ) -> None:
     """Reformat a single file under `src` without spawning child processes.
 
     If `quiet` is True, non-error messages are not output. `line_length`,
-    `write_back`, and `fast` options are passed to :func:`format_file_in_place`.
+    `write_back`, `fast` and `pyi` options are passed to
+    :func:`format_file_in_place` or :func:`format_stdin_to_stdout`.
     """
     try:
         changed = Changed.NO
         if not src.is_file() and str(src) == "-":
             if format_stdin_to_stdout(
-                line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=write_back
+                line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=write_back, mode=mode
             ):
                 changed = Changed.YES
         else:
             cache: Cache = {}
             if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF:
-                cache = read_cache(line_length)
-                src = src.resolve()
-                if src in cache and cache[src] == get_cache_info(src):
+                cache = read_cache(line_length, mode)
+                res_src = src.resolve()
+                if res_src in cache and cache[res_src] == get_cache_info(res_src):
                     changed = Changed.CACHED
             if changed is not Changed.CACHED and format_file_in_place(
-                src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=write_back
+                src,
+                line_length=line_length,
+                fast=fast,
+                write_back=write_back,
+                mode=mode,
             ):
                 changed = Changed.YES
             if write_back == WriteBack.YES and changed is not Changed.NO:
-                write_cache(cache, [src], line_length)
+                write_cache(cache, [src], line_length, mode)
         report.done(src, changed)
     except Exception as exc:
         report.failed(src, str(exc))
 
 
 async def schedule_formatting(
-    sources: List[Path],
+    sources: Set[Path],
     line_length: int,
     fast: bool,
     write_back: WriteBack,
+    mode: FileMode,
     report: "Report",
     loop: BaseEventLoop,
     executor: Executor,
@@ -263,14 +447,14 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
 
     (Use ProcessPoolExecutors for actual parallelism.)
 
-    `line_length`, `write_back`, and `fast` options are passed to
+    `line_length`, `write_back`, `fast`, and `pyi` options are passed to
     :func:`format_file_in_place`.
     """
     cache: Cache = {}
     if write_back != WriteBack.DIFF:
-        cache = read_cache(line_length)
+        cache = read_cache(line_length, mode)
         sources, cached = filter_cached(cache, sources)
-        for src in cached:
+        for src in sorted(cached):
             report.done(src, Changed.CACHED)
     cancelled = []
     formatted = []
@@ -283,7 +467,14 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
             lock = manager.Lock()
         tasks = {
             loop.run_in_executor(
-                executor, format_file_in_place, src, line_length, fast, write_back, lock
+                executor,
+                format_file_in_place,
+                src,
+                line_length,
+                fast,
+                write_back,
+                mode,
+                lock,
             ): src
             for src in sorted(sources)
         }
@@ -308,7 +499,7 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
     if cancelled:
         await asyncio.gather(*cancelled, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True)
     if write_back == WriteBack.YES and formatted:
-        write_cache(cache, formatted, line_length)
+        write_cache(cache, formatted, line_length, mode)
 
 
 def format_file_in_place(
@@ -316,6 +507,7 @@ def format_file_in_place(
     line_length: int,
     fast: bool,
     write_back: WriteBack = WriteBack.NO,
+    mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT,
     lock: Any = None,  # multiprocessing.Manager().Lock() is some crazy proxy
 ) -> bool:
     """Format file under `src` path. Return True if changed.
@@ -323,28 +515,38 @@ def format_file_in_place(
     If `write_back` is True, write reformatted code back to stdout.
     `line_length` and `fast` options are passed to :func:`format_file_contents`.
     """
-    is_pyi = src.suffix == ".pyi"
+    if src.suffix == ".pyi":
+        mode |= FileMode.PYI
 
-    with tokenize.open(src) as src_buffer:
-        src_contents = src_buffer.read()
+    then = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(src.stat().st_mtime)
+    with open(src, "rb") as buf:
+        src_contents, encoding, newline = decode_bytes(buf.read())
     try:
         dst_contents = format_file_contents(
-            src_contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, is_pyi=is_pyi
+            src_contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, mode=mode
         )
     except NothingChanged:
         return False
 
     if write_back == write_back.YES:
-        with open(src, "w", encoding=src_buffer.encoding) as f:
+        with open(src, "w", encoding=encoding, newline=newline) as f:
             f.write(dst_contents)
     elif write_back == write_back.DIFF:
-        src_name = f"{src}  (original)"
-        dst_name = f"{src}  (formatted)"
+        now = datetime.utcnow()
+        src_name = f"{src}\t{then} +0000"
+        dst_name = f"{src}\t{now} +0000"
         diff_contents = diff(src_contents, dst_contents, src_name, dst_name)
         if lock:
             lock.acquire()
         try:
-            sys.stdout.write(diff_contents)
+            f = io.TextIOWrapper(
+                sys.stdout.buffer,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                newline=newline,
+                write_through=True,
+            )
+            f.write(diff_contents)
+            f.detach()
         finally:
             if lock:
                 lock.release()
@@ -352,33 +554,47 @@ def format_file_in_place(
 
 
 def format_stdin_to_stdout(
-    line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: WriteBack = WriteBack.NO
+    line_length: int,
+    fast: bool,
+    write_back: WriteBack = WriteBack.NO,
+    mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT,
 ) -> bool:
     """Format file on stdin. Return True if changed.
 
     If `write_back` is True, write reformatted code back to stdout.
-    `line_length` and `fast` arguments are passed to :func:`format_file_contents`.
+    `line_length`, `fast`, `is_pyi`, and `force_py36` arguments are passed to
+    :func:`format_file_contents`.
     """
-    src = sys.stdin.read()
+    then = datetime.utcnow()
+    src, encoding, newline = decode_bytes(sys.stdin.buffer.read())
     dst = src
     try:
-        dst = format_file_contents(src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+        dst = format_file_contents(src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, mode=mode)
         return True
 
     except NothingChanged:
         return False
 
     finally:
+        f = io.TextIOWrapper(
+            sys.stdout.buffer, encoding=encoding, newline=newline, write_through=True
+        )
         if write_back == WriteBack.YES:
-            sys.stdout.write(dst)
+            f.write(dst)
         elif write_back == WriteBack.DIFF:
-            src_name = "<stdin>  (original)"
-            dst_name = "<stdin>  (formatted)"
-            sys.stdout.write(diff(src, dst, src_name, dst_name))
+            now = datetime.utcnow()
+            src_name = f"STDIN\t{then} +0000"
+            dst_name = f"STDOUT\t{now} +0000"
+            f.write(diff(src, dst, src_name, dst_name))
+        f.detach()
 
 
 def format_file_contents(
-    src_contents: str, *, line_length: int, fast: bool, is_pyi: bool = False
+    src_contents: str,
+    *,
+    line_length: int,
+    fast: bool,
+    mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT,
 ) -> FileContent:
     """Reformat contents a file and return new contents.
 
@@ -389,20 +605,18 @@ def format_file_contents(
     if src_contents.strip() == "":
         raise NothingChanged
 
-    dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length, is_pyi=is_pyi)
+    dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length, mode=mode)
     if src_contents == dst_contents:
         raise NothingChanged
 
     if not fast:
         assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents)
-        assert_stable(
-            src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length, is_pyi=is_pyi
-        )
+        assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length, mode=mode)
     return dst_contents
 
 
 def format_str(
-    src_contents: str, line_length: int, *, is_pyi: bool = False
+    src_contents: str, line_length: int, *, mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT
 ) -> FileContent:
     """Reformat a string and return new contents.
 
@@ -411,11 +625,15 @@ def format_str(
     src_node = lib2to3_parse(src_contents)
     dst_contents = ""
     future_imports = get_future_imports(src_node)
-    elt = EmptyLineTracker(is_pyi=is_pyi)
-    py36 = is_python36(src_node)
+    is_pyi = bool(mode & FileMode.PYI)
+    py36 = bool(mode & FileMode.PYTHON36) or is_python36(src_node)
+    normalize_strings = not bool(mode & FileMode.NO_STRING_NORMALIZATION)
     lines = LineGenerator(
-        remove_u_prefix=py36 or "unicode_literals" in future_imports, is_pyi=is_pyi
+        remove_u_prefix=py36 or "unicode_literals" in future_imports,
+        is_pyi=is_pyi,
+        normalize_strings=normalize_strings,
     )
+    elt = EmptyLineTracker(is_pyi=is_pyi)
     empty_line = Line()
     after = 0
     for current_line in lines.visit(src_node):
@@ -429,6 +647,23 @@ def format_str(
     return dst_contents
 
 
+def decode_bytes(src: bytes) -> Tuple[FileContent, Encoding, NewLine]:
+    """Return a tuple of (decoded_contents, encoding, newline).
+
+    `newline` is either CRLF or LF but `decoded_contents` is decoded with
+    universal newlines (i.e. only contains LF).
+    """
+    srcbuf = io.BytesIO(src)
+    encoding, lines = tokenize.detect_encoding(srcbuf.readline)
+    if not lines:
+        return "", encoding, "\n"
+
+    newline = "\r\n" if b"\r\n" == lines[0][-2:] else "\n"
+    srcbuf.seek(0)
+    with io.TextIOWrapper(srcbuf, encoding) as tiow:
+        return tiow.read(), encoding, newline
+
+
 GRAMMARS = [
     pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement_no_exec_statement,
     pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement,
@@ -439,9 +674,8 @@ GRAMMARS = [
 def lib2to3_parse(src_txt: str) -> Node:
     """Given a string with source, return the lib2to3 Node."""
     grammar = pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement
-    if src_txt[-1] != "\n":
-        nl = "\r\n" if "\r\n" in src_txt[:1024] else "\n"
-        src_txt += nl
+    if src_txt[-1:] != "\n":
+        src_txt += "\n"
     for grammar in GRAMMARS:
         drv = driver.Driver(grammar, pytree.convert)
         try:
@@ -585,6 +819,7 @@ UNPACKING_PARENTS = {
     syms.dictsetmaker,
     syms.listmaker,
     syms.testlist_gexp,
+    syms.testlist_star_expr,
 }
 TEST_DESCENDANTS = {
     syms.test,
@@ -626,21 +861,22 @@ LOGIC_PRIORITY = 14
 STRING_PRIORITY = 12
 COMPARATOR_PRIORITY = 10
 MATH_PRIORITIES = {
-    token.VBAR: 8,
-    token.CIRCUMFLEX: 7,
-    token.AMPER: 6,
-    token.LEFTSHIFT: 5,
-    token.RIGHTSHIFT: 5,
-    token.PLUS: 4,
-    token.MINUS: 4,
-    token.STAR: 3,
-    token.SLASH: 3,
-    token.DOUBLESLASH: 3,
-    token.PERCENT: 3,
-    token.AT: 3,
-    token.TILDE: 2,
-    token.DOUBLESTAR: 1,
+    token.VBAR: 9,
+    token.CIRCUMFLEX: 8,
+    token.AMPER: 7,
+    token.LEFTSHIFT: 6,
+    token.RIGHTSHIFT: 6,
+    token.PLUS: 5,
+    token.MINUS: 5,
+    token.STAR: 4,
+    token.SLASH: 4,
+    token.DOUBLESLASH: 4,
+    token.PERCENT: 4,
+    token.AT: 4,
+    token.TILDE: 3,
+    token.DOUBLESTAR: 2,
 }
+DOT_PRIORITY = 1
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -775,6 +1011,7 @@ class Line:
     comments: List[Tuple[Index, Leaf]] = Factory(list)
     bracket_tracker: BracketTracker = Factory(BracketTracker)
     inside_brackets: bool = False
+    should_explode: bool = False
 
     def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
         """Add a new `leaf` to the end of the line.
@@ -871,27 +1108,6 @@ class Line:
             and second_leaf.value == "def"
         )
 
-    @property
-    def is_flow_control(self) -> bool:
-        """Is this line a flow control statement?
-
-        Those are `return`, `raise`, `break`, and `continue`.
-        """
-        return (
-            bool(self)
-            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
-            and self.leaves[0].value in FLOW_CONTROL
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def is_yield(self) -> bool:
-        """Is this line a yield statement?"""
-        return (
-            bool(self)
-            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
-            and self.leaves[0].value == "yield"
-        )
-
     @property
     def is_class_paren_empty(self) -> bool:
         """Is this a class with no base classes but using parentheses?
@@ -908,6 +1124,15 @@ class Line:
             and self.leaves[3].value == ")"
         )
 
+    @property
+    def is_triple_quoted_string(self) -> bool:
+        """Is the line a triple quoted string?"""
+        return (
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.STRING
+            and self.leaves[0].value.startswith(('"""', "'''"))
+        )
+
     def contains_standalone_comments(self, depth_limit: int = sys.maxsize) -> bool:
         """If so, needs to be split before emitting."""
         for leaf in self.leaves:
@@ -917,6 +1142,13 @@ class Line:
 
         return False
 
+    def contains_multiline_strings(self) -> bool:
+        for leaf in self.leaves:
+            if is_multiline_string(leaf):
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
     def maybe_remove_trailing_comma(self, closing: Leaf) -> bool:
         """Remove trailing comma if there is one and it's safe."""
         if not (
@@ -998,6 +1230,9 @@ class Line:
 
         Provide a non-negative leaf `_index` to speed up the function.
         """
+        if not self.comments:
+            return
+
         if _index == -1:
             for _index, _leaf in enumerate(self.leaves):
                 if leaf is _leaf:
@@ -1115,6 +1350,7 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
     the prefix of the first leaf consists of optional newlines.  Those newlines
     are consumed by `maybe_empty_lines()` and included in the computation.
     """
+
     is_pyi: bool = False
     previous_line: Optional[Line] = None
     previous_after: int = 0
@@ -1124,8 +1360,7 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
         """Return the number of extra empty lines before and after the `current_line`.
 
         This is for separating `def`, `async def` and `class` with extra empty
-        lines (two on module-level), as well as providing an extra empty line
-        after flow control keywords to make them more prominent.
+        lines (two on module-level).
         """
         if isinstance(current_line, UnformattedLines):
             return 0, 0
@@ -1166,6 +1401,11 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
             if self.previous_line.is_decorator:
                 return 0, 0
 
+            if self.previous_line.depth < current_line.depth and (
+                self.previous_line.is_class or self.previous_line.is_def
+            ):
+                return 0, 0
+
             if (
                 self.previous_line.is_comment
                 and self.previous_line.depth == current_line.depth
@@ -1197,6 +1437,13 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
+        if (
+            self.previous_line
+            and self.previous_line.is_class
+            and current_line.is_triple_quoted_string
+        ):
+            return before, 1
+
         return before, 0
 
 
@@ -1207,7 +1454,9 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     Note: destroys the tree it's visiting by mutating prefixes of its leaves
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """
+
     is_pyi: bool = False
+    normalize_strings: bool = True
     current_line: Line = Factory(Line)
     remove_u_prefix: bool = False
 
@@ -1276,7 +1525,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
 
             else:
                 normalize_prefix(node, inside_brackets=any_open_brackets)
-                if node.type == token.STRING:
+                if self.normalize_strings and node.type == token.STRING:
                     normalize_string_prefix(node, remove_u_prefix=self.remove_u_prefix)
                     normalize_string_quotes(node)
                 if node.type not in WHITESPACE:
@@ -1314,7 +1563,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         The relevant Python language `keywords` for a given statement will be
         NAME leaves within it. This methods puts those on a separate line.
 
-        `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immeditely after which
+        `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immediately after which
         invisible parens should be put.
         """
         normalize_invisible_parens(node, parens_after=parens)
@@ -1368,32 +1617,6 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
             yield from self.line()
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
-    def visit_import_from(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
-        """Visit import_from and maybe put invisible parentheses.
-
-        This is separate from `visit_stmt` because import statements don't
-        support arbitrary atoms and thus handling of parentheses is custom.
-        """
-        check_lpar = False
-        for index, child in enumerate(node.children):
-            if check_lpar:
-                if child.type == token.LPAR:
-                    # make parentheses invisible
-                    child.value = ""  # type: ignore
-                    node.children[-1].value = ""  # type: ignore
-                else:
-                    # insert invisible parentheses
-                    node.insert_child(index, Leaf(token.LPAR, ""))
-                    node.append_child(Leaf(token.RPAR, ""))
-                break
-
-            check_lpar = (
-                child.type == token.NAME and child.value == "import"  # type: ignore
-            )
-
-        for child in node.children:
-            yield from self.visit(child)
-
     def visit_SEMI(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Remove a semicolon and put the other statement on a separate line."""
         yield from self.line()
@@ -1440,6 +1663,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         self.visit_classdef = partial(v, keywords={"class"}, parens=Ø)
         self.visit_expr_stmt = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens=ASSIGNMENTS)
         self.visit_return_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"return"}, parens={"return"})
+        self.visit_import_from = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens={"import"})
         self.visit_async_funcdef = self.visit_async_stmt
         self.visit_decorated = self.visit_decorators
 
@@ -1472,7 +1696,9 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str:  # noqa C901
 
     assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}"
     if t == token.COLON and p.type not in {
-        syms.subscript, syms.subscriptlist, syms.sliceop
+        syms.subscript,
+        syms.subscriptlist,
+        syms.sliceop,
     }:
         return NO
 
@@ -1494,7 +1720,10 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str:  # noqa C901
         if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:
             if prevp.parent:
                 if prevp.parent.type in {
-                    syms.arglist, syms.argument, syms.parameters, syms.varargslist
+                    syms.arglist,
+                    syms.argument,
+                    syms.parameters,
+                    syms.varargslist,
                 }:
                     return NO
 
@@ -1648,14 +1877,15 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf, *, complex_subscript: bool) -> str:  # noqa C901
             prevp_parent = prevp.parent
             assert prevp_parent is not None
             if prevp.type == token.COLON and prevp_parent.type in {
-                syms.subscript, syms.sliceop
+                syms.subscript,
+                syms.sliceop,
             }:
                 return NO
 
             elif prevp.type == token.EQUAL and prevp_parent.type == syms.argument:
                 return NO
 
-        elif t == token.NAME or t == token.NUMBER:
+        elif t in {token.NAME, token.NUMBER, token.STRING}:
             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.import_from:
@@ -1729,6 +1959,14 @@ def is_split_before_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int:
         # Don't treat them as a delimiter.
         return 0
 
+    if (
+        leaf.type == token.DOT
+        and leaf.parent
+        and leaf.parent.type not in {syms.import_from, syms.dotted_name}
+        and (previous is None or previous.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS)
+    ):
+        return DOT_PRIORITY
+
     if (
         leaf.type in MATH_OPERATORS
         and leaf.parent
@@ -1799,7 +2037,7 @@ def is_split_before_delimiter(leaf: Leaf, previous: Leaf = None) -> int:
     return 0
 
 
-def generate_comments(leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Leaf]:
+def generate_comments(leaf: LN) -> Iterator[Leaf]:
     """Clean the prefix of the `leaf` and generate comments from it, if any.
 
     Comments in lib2to3 are shoved into the whitespace prefix.  This happens
@@ -1893,25 +2131,27 @@ def split_line(
         return
 
     line_str = str(line).strip("\n")
-    if is_line_short_enough(line, line_length=line_length, line_str=line_str):
+    if not line.should_explode and is_line_short_enough(
+        line, line_length=line_length, line_str=line_str
+    ):
         yield line
         return
 
     split_funcs: List[SplitFunc]
     if line.is_def:
         split_funcs = [left_hand_split]
-    elif line.is_import:
-        split_funcs = [explode_split]
     else:
 
         def rhs(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
             for omit in generate_trailers_to_omit(line, line_length):
-                lines = list(right_hand_split(line, py36, omit=omit))
+                lines = list(right_hand_split(line, line_length, py36, omit=omit))
                 if is_line_short_enough(lines[0], line_length=line_length):
                     yield from lines
                     return
 
             # All splits failed, best effort split with no omits.
+            # This mostly happens to multiline strings that are by definition
+            # reported as not fitting a single line.
             yield from right_hand_split(line, py36)
 
         if line.inside_brackets:
@@ -1985,7 +2225,7 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
 
 
 def right_hand_split(
-    line: Line, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = ()
+    line: Line, line_length: int, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = ()
 ) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair.
 
@@ -2031,36 +2271,47 @@ def right_hand_split(
             result.append(leaf, preformatted=True)
             for comment_after in line.comments_after(leaf):
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
-    bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
     assert opening_bracket and closing_bracket
+    body.should_explode = should_explode(body, opening_bracket)
+    bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
     if (
+        # the body shouldn't be exploded
+        not body.should_explode
         # the opening bracket is an optional paren
-        opening_bracket.type == token.LPAR
+        and opening_bracket.type == token.LPAR
         and not opening_bracket.value
         # the closing bracket is an optional paren
         and closing_bracket.type == token.RPAR
         and not closing_bracket.value
-        # there are no standalone comments in the body
-        and not line.contains_standalone_comments(0)
-        # and it's not an import (optional parens are the only thing we can split
-        # on in this case; attempting a split without them is a waste of time)
+        # it's not an import (optional parens are the only thing we can split on
+        # in this case; attempting a split without them is a waste of time)
         and not line.is_import
+        # there are no standalone comments in the body
+        and not body.contains_standalone_comments(0)
+        # and we can actually remove the parens
+        and can_omit_invisible_parens(body, line_length)
     ):
         omit = {id(closing_bracket), *omit}
-        delimiter_count = body.bracket_tracker.delimiter_count_with_priority()
-        if (
-            delimiter_count == 0
-            or delimiter_count == 1
-            and (
-                body.leaves[0].type in OPENING_BRACKETS
-                or body.leaves[-1].type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
-            )
-        ):
-            try:
-                yield from right_hand_split(line, py36=py36, omit=omit)
-                return
-            except CannotSplit:
-                pass
+        try:
+            yield from right_hand_split(line, line_length, py36=py36, omit=omit)
+            return
+
+        except CannotSplit:
+            if not (
+                can_be_split(body)
+                or is_line_short_enough(body, line_length=line_length)
+            ):
+                raise CannotSplit(
+                    "Splitting failed, body is still too long and can't be split."
+                )
+
+            elif head.contains_multiline_strings() or tail.contains_multiline_strings():
+                raise CannotSplit(
+                    "The current optional pair of parentheses is bound to fail to "
+                    "satisfy the splitting algorithm because the head or the tail "
+                    "contains multiline strings which by definition never fit one "
+                    "line."
+                )
 
     ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
     ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
@@ -2128,6 +2379,10 @@ def delimiter_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
     except ValueError:
         raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found")
 
+    if delimiter_priority == DOT_PRIORITY:
+        if bt.delimiter_count_with_priority(delimiter_priority) == 1:
+            raise CannotSplit("Splitting a single attribute from its owner looks wrong")
+
     current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
     lowest_depth = sys.maxsize
     trailing_comma_safe = True
@@ -2199,26 +2454,6 @@ def standalone_comment_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
         yield current_line
 
 
-def explode_split(
-    line: Line, py36: bool = False, omit: Collection[LeafID] = ()
-) -> Iterator[Line]:
-    """Split by rightmost bracket and immediately split contents by a delimiter."""
-    new_lines = list(right_hand_split(line, py36, omit))
-    if len(new_lines) != 3:
-        yield from new_lines
-        return
-
-    yield new_lines[0]
-
-    try:
-        yield from delimiter_split(new_lines[1], py36)
-
-    except CannotSplit:
-        yield new_lines[1]
-
-    yield new_lines[2]
-
-
 def is_import(leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
     """Return True if the given leaf starts an import statement."""
     p = leaf.parent
@@ -2314,7 +2549,13 @@ def normalize_string_quotes(leaf: Leaf) -> None:
             leaf.value = f"{prefix}{orig_quote}{body}{orig_quote}"
         new_body = sub_twice(escaped_orig_quote, rf"\1\2{orig_quote}", new_body)
         new_body = sub_twice(unescaped_new_quote, rf"\1\\{new_quote}", new_body)
-    if new_quote == '"""' and new_body[-1] == '"':
+    if "f" in prefix.casefold():
+        matches = re.findall(r"[^{]\{(.*?)\}[^}]", new_body)
+        for m in matches:
+            if "\\" in str(m):
+                # Do not introduce backslashes in interpolated expressions
+                return
+    if new_quote == '"""' and new_body[-1:] == '"':
         # edge case:
         new_body = new_body[:-1] + '\\"'
     orig_escape_count = body.count("\\")
@@ -2337,8 +2578,13 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
     Standardizes on visible parentheses for single-element tuples, and keeps
     existing visible parentheses for other tuples and generator expressions.
     """
+    try:
+        list(generate_comments(node))
+    except FormatOff:
+        return  # This `node` has a prefix with `# fmt: off`, don't mess with parens.
+
     check_lpar = False
-    for child in list(node.children):
+    for index, child in enumerate(list(node.children)):
         if check_lpar:
             if child.type == syms.atom:
                 maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(child)
@@ -2346,9 +2592,22 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
                 # wrap child in visible parentheses
                 lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "(")
                 rpar = Leaf(token.RPAR, ")")
-                index = child.remove() or 0
+                child.remove()
                 node.insert_child(index, Node(syms.atom, [lpar, child, rpar]))
-            else:
+            elif node.type == syms.import_from:
+                # "import from" nodes store parentheses directly as part of
+                # the statement
+                if child.type == token.LPAR:
+                    # make parentheses invisible
+                    child.value = ""  # type: ignore
+                    node.children[-1].value = ""  # type: ignore
+                elif child.type != token.STAR:
+                    # insert invisible parentheses
+                    node.insert_child(index, Leaf(token.LPAR, ""))
+                    node.append_child(Leaf(token.RPAR, ""))
+                break
+
+            elif not (isinstance(child, Leaf) and is_multiline_string(child)):
                 # wrap child in invisible parentheses
                 lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "")
                 rpar = Leaf(token.RPAR, "")
@@ -2359,7 +2618,7 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
 
 
 def maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(node: LN) -> bool:
-    """If it's safe, make the parens in the atom `node` invisible, recusively."""
+    """If it's safe, make the parens in the atom `node` invisible, recursively."""
     if (
         node.type != syms.atom
         or is_empty_tuple(node)
@@ -2459,6 +2718,12 @@ def is_vararg(leaf: Leaf, within: Set[NodeType]) -> bool:
     return p.type in within
 
 
+def is_multiline_string(leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+    """Return True if `leaf` is a multiline string that actually spans many lines."""
+    value = leaf.value.lstrip("furbFURB")
+    return value[:3] in {'"""', "'''"} and "\n" in value
+
+
 def is_stub_suite(node: Node) -> bool:
     """Return True if `node` is a suite with a stub body."""
     if (
@@ -2528,6 +2793,25 @@ def ensure_visible(leaf: Leaf) -> None:
         leaf.value = ")"
 
 
+def should_explode(line: Line, opening_bracket: Leaf) -> bool:
+    """Should `line` immediately be split with `delimiter_split()` after RHS?"""
+    if not (
+        opening_bracket.parent
+        and opening_bracket.parent.type in {syms.atom, syms.import_from}
+        and opening_bracket.value in "[{("
+    ):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]
+        exclude = {id(last_leaf)} if last_leaf.type == token.COMMA else set()
+        max_priority = line.bracket_tracker.max_delimiter_priority(exclude=exclude)
+    except (IndexError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+    return max_priority == COMMA_PRIORITY
+
+
 def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool:
     """Return True if the current file is using Python 3.6+ features.
 
@@ -2576,21 +2860,14 @@ def generate_trailers_to_omit(line: Line, line_length: int) -> Iterator[Set[Leaf
     closing_bracket = None
     optional_brackets: Set[LeafID] = set()
     inner_brackets: Set[LeafID] = set()
-    for index, leaf in enumerate_reversed(line.leaves):
-        length += len(leaf.prefix) + len(leaf.value)
+    for index, leaf, leaf_length in enumerate_with_length(line, reversed=True):
+        length += leaf_length
         if length > line_length:
             break
 
-        comment: Optional[Leaf]
-        for comment in line.comments_after(leaf, index):
-            if "\n" in comment.prefix:
-                break  # Oops, standalone comment!
-
-            length += len(comment.value)
-        else:
-            comment = None
-        if comment is not None:
-            break  # There was a standalone comment, we can't continue.
+        has_inline_comment = leaf_length > len(leaf.value) + len(leaf.prefix)
+        if leaf.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT or has_inline_comment:
+            break
 
         optional_brackets.discard(id(leaf))
         if opening_bracket:
@@ -2654,32 +2931,74 @@ def get_future_imports(node: Node) -> Set[str]:
     return imports
 
 
-PYTHON_EXTENSIONS = {".py", ".pyi"}
-BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES = {
-    "build", "buck-out", "dist", "_build", ".git", ".hg", ".mypy_cache", ".tox", ".venv"
-}
-
+def gen_python_files_in_dir(
+    path: Path,
+    root: Path,
+    include: Pattern[str],
+    exclude: Pattern[str],
+    report: "Report",
+) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Generate all files under `path` whose paths are not excluded by the
+    `exclude` regex, but are included by the `include` regex.
 
-def gen_python_files_in_dir(path: Path) -> Iterator[Path]:
-    """Generate all files under `path` which aren't under BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES
-    and have one of the PYTHON_EXTENSIONS.
+    `report` is where output about exclusions goes.
     """
+    assert root.is_absolute(), f"INTERNAL ERROR: `root` must be absolute but is {root}"
     for child in path.iterdir():
+        normalized_path = "/" + child.resolve().relative_to(root).as_posix()
         if child.is_dir():
-            if child.name in BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES:
-                continue
+            normalized_path += "/"
+        exclude_match = exclude.search(normalized_path)
+        if exclude_match and exclude_match.group(0):
+            report.path_ignored(child, f"matches the --exclude regular expression")
+            continue
 
-            yield from gen_python_files_in_dir(child)
+        if child.is_dir():
+            yield from gen_python_files_in_dir(child, root, include, exclude, report)
 
-        elif child.is_file() and child.suffix in PYTHON_EXTENSIONS:
-            yield child
+        elif child.is_file():
+            include_match = include.search(normalized_path)
+            if include_match:
+                yield child
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def find_project_root(srcs: Iterable[str]) -> Path:
+    """Return a directory containing .git, .hg, or pyproject.toml.
+
+    That directory can be one of the directories passed in `srcs` or their
+    common parent.
+
+    If no directory in the tree contains a marker that would specify it's the
+    project root, the root of the file system is returned.
+    """
+    if not srcs:
+        return Path("/").resolve()
+
+    common_base = min(Path(src).resolve() for src in srcs)
+    if common_base.is_dir():
+        # Append a fake file so `parents` below returns `common_base_dir`, too.
+        common_base /= "fake-file"
+    for directory in common_base.parents:
+        if (directory / ".git").is_dir():
+            return directory
+
+        if (directory / ".hg").is_dir():
+            return directory
+
+        if (directory / "pyproject.toml").is_file():
+            return directory
+
+    return directory
 
 
 @dataclass
 class Report:
     """Provides a reformatting counter. Can be rendered with `str(report)`."""
+
     check: bool = False
     quiet: bool = False
+    verbose: bool = False
     change_count: int = 0
     same_count: int = 0
     failure_count: int = 0
@@ -2688,11 +3007,11 @@ class Report:
         """Increment the counter for successful reformatting. Write out a message."""
         if changed is Changed.YES:
             reformatted = "would reformat" if self.check else "reformatted"
-            if not self.quiet:
+            if self.verbose or not self.quiet:
                 out(f"{reformatted} {src}")
             self.change_count += 1
         else:
-            if not self.quiet:
+            if self.verbose:
                 if changed is Changed.NO:
                     msg = f"{src} already well formatted, good job."
                 else:
@@ -2705,6 +3024,10 @@ class Report:
         err(f"error: cannot format {src}: {message}")
         self.failure_count += 1
 
+    def path_ignored(self, path: Path, message: str) -> None:
+        if self.verbose:
+            out(f"{path} ignored: {message}", bold=False)
+
     @property
     def return_code(self) -> int:
         """Return the exit code that the app should use.
@@ -2817,9 +3140,11 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
         ) from None
 
 
-def assert_stable(src: str, dst: str, line_length: int, is_pyi: bool = False) -> None:
+def assert_stable(
+    src: str, dst: str, line_length: int, mode: FileMode = FileMode.AUTO_DETECT
+) -> None:
     """Raise AssertionError if `dst` reformats differently the second time."""
-    newdst = format_str(dst, line_length=line_length, is_pyi=is_pyi)
+    newdst = format_str(dst, line_length=line_length, mode=mode)
     if dst != newdst:
         log = dump_to_file(
             diff(src, dst, "source", "first pass"),
@@ -2896,6 +3221,16 @@ def sub_twice(regex: Pattern[str], replacement: str, original: str) -> str:
     return regex.sub(replacement, regex.sub(replacement, original))
 
 
+def re_compile_maybe_verbose(regex: str) -> Pattern[str]:
+    """Compile a regular expression string in `regex`.
+
+    If it contains newlines, use verbose mode.
+    """
+    if "\n" in regex:
+        regex = "(?x)" + regex
+    return re.compile(regex)
+
+
 def enumerate_reversed(sequence: Sequence[T]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Index, T]]:
     """Like `reversed(enumerate(sequence))` if that were possible."""
     index = len(sequence) - 1
@@ -2904,6 +3239,29 @@ def enumerate_reversed(sequence: Sequence[T]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Index, T]]:
         index -= 1
 
 
+def enumerate_with_length(
+    line: Line, reversed: bool = False
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[Index, Leaf, int]]:
+    """Return an enumeration of leaves with their length.
+
+    Stops prematurely on multiline strings and standalone comments.
+    """
+    op = cast(
+        Callable[[Sequence[Leaf]], Iterator[Tuple[Index, Leaf]]],
+        enumerate_reversed if reversed else enumerate,
+    )
+    for index, leaf in op(line.leaves):
+        length = len(leaf.prefix) + len(leaf.value)
+        if "\n" in leaf.value:
+            return  # Multiline strings, we can't continue.
+
+        comment: Optional[Leaf]
+        for comment in line.comments_after(leaf, index):
+            length += len(comment.value)
+
+        yield index, leaf, length
+
+
 def is_line_short_enough(line: Line, *, line_length: int, line_str: str = "") -> bool:
     """Return True if `line` is no longer than `line_length`.
 
@@ -2918,19 +3276,141 @@ def is_line_short_enough(line: Line, *, line_length: int, line_str: str = "") ->
     )
 
 
-CACHE_DIR = Path(user_cache_dir("black", version=__version__))
+def can_be_split(line: Line) -> bool:
+    """Return False if the line cannot be split *for sure*.
+
+    This is not an exhaustive search but a cheap heuristic that we can use to
+    avoid some unfortunate formattings (mostly around wrapping unsplittable code
+    in unnecessary parentheses).
+    """
+    leaves = line.leaves
+    if len(leaves) < 2:
+        return False
 
+    if leaves[0].type == token.STRING and leaves[1].type == token.DOT:
+        call_count = 0
+        dot_count = 0
+        next = leaves[-1]
+        for leaf in leaves[-2::-1]:
+            if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+                if next.type not in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
+                    return False
+
+                call_count += 1
+            elif leaf.type == token.DOT:
+                dot_count += 1
+            elif leaf.type == token.NAME:
+                if not (next.type == token.DOT or next.type in OPENING_BRACKETS):
+                    return False
 
-def get_cache_file(line_length: int) -> Path:
-    return CACHE_DIR / f"cache.{line_length}.pickle"
+            elif leaf.type not in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
+                return False
 
+            if dot_count > 1 and call_count > 1:
+                return False
+
+    return True
 
-def read_cache(line_length: int) -> Cache:
+
+def can_omit_invisible_parens(line: Line, line_length: int) -> bool:
+    """Does `line` have a shape safe to reformat without optional parens around it?
+
+    Returns True for only a subset of potentially nice looking formattings but
+    the point is to not return false positives that end up producing lines that
+    are too long.
+    """
+    bt = line.bracket_tracker
+    if not bt.delimiters:
+        # Without delimiters the optional parentheses are useless.
+        return True
+
+    max_priority = bt.max_delimiter_priority()
+    if bt.delimiter_count_with_priority(max_priority) > 1:
+        # With more than one delimiter of a kind the optional parentheses read better.
+        return False
+
+    if max_priority == DOT_PRIORITY:
+        # A single stranded method call doesn't require optional parentheses.
+        return True
+
+    assert len(line.leaves) >= 2, "Stranded delimiter"
+
+    first = line.leaves[0]
+    second = line.leaves[1]
+    penultimate = line.leaves[-2]
+    last = line.leaves[-1]
+
+    # With a single delimiter, omit if the expression starts or ends with
+    # a bracket.
+    if first.type in OPENING_BRACKETS and second.type not in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
+        remainder = False
+        length = 4 * line.depth
+        for _index, leaf, leaf_length in enumerate_with_length(line):
+            if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS and leaf.opening_bracket is first:
+                remainder = True
+            if remainder:
+                length += leaf_length
+                if length > line_length:
+                    break
+
+                if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+                    # There are brackets we can further split on.
+                    remainder = False
+
+        else:
+            # checked the entire string and line length wasn't exceeded
+            if len(line.leaves) == _index + 1:
+                return True
+
+        # Note: we are not returning False here because a line might have *both*
+        # a leading opening bracket and a trailing closing bracket.  If the
+        # opening bracket doesn't match our rule, maybe the closing will.
+
+    if (
+        last.type == token.RPAR
+        or last.type == token.RBRACE
+        or (
+            # don't use indexing for omitting optional parentheses;
+            # it looks weird
+            last.type == token.RSQB
+            and last.parent
+            and last.parent.type != syms.trailer
+        )
+    ):
+        if penultimate.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+            # Empty brackets don't help.
+            return False
+
+        if is_multiline_string(first):
+            # Additional wrapping of a multiline string in this situation is
+            # unnecessary.
+            return True
+
+        length = 4 * line.depth
+        seen_other_brackets = False
+        for _index, leaf, leaf_length in enumerate_with_length(line):
+            length += leaf_length
+            if leaf is last.opening_bracket:
+                if seen_other_brackets or length <= line_length:
+                    return True
+
+            elif leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+                # There are brackets we can further split on.
+                seen_other_brackets = True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def get_cache_file(line_length: int, mode: FileMode) -> Path:
+    return CACHE_DIR / f"cache.{line_length}.{mode.value}.pickle"
+
+
+def read_cache(line_length: int, mode: FileMode) -> Cache:
     """Read the cache if it exists and is well formed.
 
     If it is not well formed, the call to write_cache later should resolve the issue.
     """
-    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length)
+    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length, mode)
     if not cache_file.exists():
         return {}
 
@@ -2949,27 +3429,27 @@ def get_cache_info(path: Path) -> CacheInfo:
     return stat.st_mtime, stat.st_size
 
 
-def filter_cached(
-    cache: Cache, sources: Iterable[Path]
-) -> Tuple[List[Path], List[Path]]:
-    """Split a list of paths into two.
+def filter_cached(cache: Cache, sources: Iterable[Path]) -> Tuple[Set[Path], Set[Path]]:
+    """Split an iterable of paths in `sources` into two sets.
 
-    The first list contains paths of files that modified on disk or are not in the
-    cache. The other list contains paths to non-modified files.
+    The first contains paths of files that modified on disk or are not in the
+    cache. The other contains paths to non-modified files.
     """
-    todo, done = [], []
+    todo, done = set(), set()
     for src in sources:
         src = src.resolve()
         if cache.get(src) != get_cache_info(src):
-            todo.append(src)
+            todo.add(src)
         else:
-            done.append(src)
+            done.add(src)
     return todo, done
 
 
-def write_cache(cache: Cache, sources: List[Path], line_length: int) -> None:
+def write_cache(
+    cache: Cache, sources: Iterable[Path], line_length: int, mode: FileMode
+) -> None:
     """Update the cache file."""
-    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length)
+    cache_file = get_cache_file(line_length, mode)
     try:
         if not CACHE_DIR.exists():
             CACHE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True)