Options:
-l, --line-length INTEGER Where to wrap around. [default: 88]
- --check Don't write back the files, just return the
+ --check Don't write the files back, just return the
status. Return code 0 means nothing would
change. Return code 1 means some files would be
reformatted. Return code 123 means there was an
internal error.
+ --diff Don't write the files back, just output a diff
+ for each file on stdout.
--fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks.
[default: --safe]
+ -q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. Errors
+ are still emitted, silence those with
+ 2>/dev/null.
--version Show the version and exit.
--help Show this message and exit.
```
debug: bool = False,
):
"""Applies `variables` to the `template` and writes to `file`."""
- with open(file, 'w') as f:
+ with open(file, "w") as f:
...
```
``continue``, and ``yield``. This is to make changes in control flow
more prominent to readers of your code.
-*Black* will allow single empty lines left by the original editors,
-except when they're added within parenthesized expressions. Since such
-expressions are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace
-is lost.
+*Black* will allow single empty lines inside functions, and single and
+double empty lines on module level left by the original editors, except
+when they're within parenthesized expressions. Since such expressions
+are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace is lost.
It will also insert proper spacing before and after function definitions.
It's one line before and after inner functions and two lines before and
recognize it was safe to do so, put it there manually and *Black* will
keep it.
+### Strings
+
+*Black* prefers double quotes (`"` and `"""`) over single quotes (`'`
+and `'''`). It will replace the latter with the former as long as it
+does not result in more backslash escapes than before.
+
+The main reason to standardize on a single form of quotes is aesthetics.
+Having one kind of quotes everywhere reduces reader distraction.
+It will also enable a future version of *Black* to merge consecutive
+string literals that ended up on the same line (see
+[#26](https://github.com/ambv/black/issues/26) for details).
+
+Why settle on double quotes? They anticipate apostrophes in English
+text. They match the docstring standard described in PEP 257. An
+empty string in double quotes (`""`) is impossible to confuse with
+a one double-quote regardless of fonts and syntax highlighting used.
+On top of this, double quotes for strings are consistent with C which
+Python interacts a lot with.
+
+On certain keyboard layouts like US English, typing single quotes is
+a bit easier than double quotes. The latter requires use of the Shift
+key. My recommendation here is to keep using whatever is faster to type
+and let *Black* handle the transformation.
+
+### Line Breaks & Binary Operators
+
+*Black* will break a line before a binary operator when splitting a block
+of code over multiple lines. This is so that *Black* is compliant with the
+recent changes in the [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#should-a-line-break-before-or-after-a-binary-operator)
+style guide, which emphasizes that this approach improves readability.
+
+This behaviour may raise ``W503 line break before binary operator`` warnings in
+style guide enforcement tools like Flake8. Since ``W503`` is not PEP 8 compliant,
+you should tell Flake8 to ignore these warnings.
+
+### Parentheses
+
+Some parentheses are optional in the Python grammar. Any expression can
+be wrapped in a pair of parentheses to form an atom. There are a few
+interesting cases:
+
+- `if (...):`
+- `while (...):`
+- `for (...) in (...):`
+- `assert (...), (...)`
+- `from X import (...)`
+
+In those cases, parentheses are removed when the entire statement fits
+in one line, or if the inner expression doesn't have any delimiters to
+further split on. Otherwise, the parentheses are always added.
+
## Editor integration
-* Visual Studio Code: [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode)
-* Emacs: [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken)
+### Emacs
+
+Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken).
+
+
+### PyCharm
+
+1. Install `black`.
+
+ $ pip install black
+
+2. Locate your `black` installation folder.
+
+ On MacOS / Linux / BSD:
+
+ $ which black
+ /usr/local/bin/black # possible location
+
+ On Windows:
+
+ $ where black
+ %LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe # possible location
+
+3. Open External tools in PyCharm with `File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools`.
+
+4. Click the + icon to add a new external tool with the following values:
+ - Name: Black
+ - Description: Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter.
+ - Program: <install_location_from_step_2>
+ - Arguments: $FilePath$
+
+5. Format the currently opened file by selecting `Tools -> External Tools -> black`.
+ - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences -> Keymap`.
+
+
+### Vim
+
+Commands and shortcuts:
+
+* `,=` or `:Black` to format the entire file (ranges not supported);
+* `:BlackUpgrade` to upgrade *Black* inside the virtualenv;
+* `:BlackVersion` to get the current version of *Black* inside the
+ virtualenv.
+
+Configuration:
+* `g:black_fast` (defaults to `0`)
+* `g:black_linelength` (defaults to `88`)
+* `g:black_virtualenv` (defaults to `~/.vim/black`)
+
+To install, copy the plugin from [vim/plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/ambv/black/tree/master/vim/plugin/black.vim).
+Let me know if this requires any changes to work with Vim 8's builtin
+`packadd`, or Pathogen, or Vundle, and so on.
+
+This plugin **requires Vim 7.0+ built with Python 3.6+ support**. It
+needs Python 3.6 to be able to run *Black* inside the Vim process which
+is much faster than calling an external command.
+
+On first run, the plugin creates its own virtualenv using the right
+Python version and automatically installs *Black*. You can upgrade it later
+by calling `:BlackUpgrade` and restarting Vim.
+
+If you need to do anything special to make your virtualenv work and
+install *Black* (for example you want to run a version from master), just
+create a virtualenv manually and point `g:black_virtualenv` to it.
+The plugin will use it.
+
+**How to get Vim with Python 3.6?**
+On Ubuntu 17.10 Vim comes with Python 3.6 by default.
+On macOS with HomeBrew run: `brew install vim --with-python3`.
+When building Vim from source, use:
+`./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how
+to do this.
+
+
+### Visual Studio Code
+
+Use [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode).
+
+### SublimeText 3
+
+Use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack).
+
+### Other editors
+
+Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will
+require external contributions.
+
+Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨
Any tool that can pipe code through *Black* using its stdio mode (just
[use `-` as the file name](http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/special-chars.html#DASHREF2)).
passed). *Black* will still emit messages on stderr but that shouldn't
affect your use case.
-Vim and Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will
-require external contributions.
+This can be used for example with PyCharm's [File Watchers](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/file-watchers.html).
-Patches welcome! ✨ 🍰 ✨
+
+## Version control integration
+
+Use [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/). Once you [have it
+installed](https://pre-commit.com/#install), add this to the
+`.pre-commit-config.yaml` in your repository:
+```yaml
+repos:
+- repo: https://github.com/ambv/black
+ rev: stable
+ hooks:
+ - id: black
+ args: [--line-length=88, --safe]
+ python_version: python3.6
+```
+Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go.
+
+`args` in the above config is optional but shows you how you can change
+the line length if you really need to. If you're already using Python
+3.7, switch the `python_version` accordingly. Finally, `stable` is a tag
+that is pinned to the latest release on PyPI. If you'd rather run on
+master, this is also an option.
+
+
+## Ignoring non-modified files
+
+*Black* remembers files it already formatted, unless the `--diff` flag is used or
+code is passed via standard input. This information is stored per-user. The exact
+location of the file depends on the black version and the system on which black
+is run. The file is non-portable. The standard location on common operating systems
+is:
+
+* Windows: `C:\\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\black\black\Cache\<version>\cache.pickle`
+* macOS: `/Users/<username>/Library/Caches/black/<version>/cache.pickle`
+* Linux: `/home/<username>/.cache/black/<version>/cache.pickle`
## Testimonials
## Change Log
+### 18.4a3 (unreleased)
+
+* added a "cache"; files already reformatted that haven't changed on disk
+ won't be reformatted again (#109)
+
+* generalized star expression handling, including double stars; this
+ fixes multiplication making expressions "unsafe" for trailing commas (#132)
+
+* fixed parsing of complex expressions after star and double stars in
+ function parameters (#2)
+
+* fixed invalid splitting on comma in lambda arguments (#133)
+
+### 18.4a2
+
+* fixed parsing of unaligned standalone comments (#99, #112)
+
+* fixed placement of dictionary unpacking inside dictionary literals (#111)
+
+* Vim plugin now works on Windows, too
+
+* fixed unstable formatting when encountering unnecessarily escaped quotes
+ in a string (#120)
+
+
+### 18.4a1
+
+* added `--quiet` (#78)
+
+* added automatic parentheses management (#4)
+
+* added [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com) integration (#103, #104)
+
+* fixed reporting on `--check` with multiple files (#101, #102)
+
+* fixed removing backslash escapes from raw strings (#100, #105)
+
+
+### 18.4a0
+
+* added `--diff` (#87)
+
+* add line breaks before all delimiters, except in cases like commas, to
+ better comply with PEP 8 (#73)
+
+* standardize string literals to use double quotes (almost) everywhere
+ (#75)
+
+* fixed handling of standalone comments within nested bracketed
+ expressions; Black will no longer produce super long lines or put all
+ standalone comments at the end of the expression (#22)
+
+* fixed 18.3a4 regression: don't crash and burn on empty lines with
+ trailing whitespace (#80)
+
+* fixed 18.3a4 regression: `# yapf: disable` usage as trailing comment
+ would cause Black to not emit the rest of the file (#95)
+
+* when CTRL+C is pressed while formatting many files, Black no longer
+ freaks out with a flurry of asyncio-related exceptions
+
+* only allow up to two empty lines on module level and only single empty
+ lines within functions (#74)
+
+
### 18.3a4
* `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` are implemented (#5)
## Authors
Glued together by [Łukasz Langa](mailto:lukasz@langa.pl).
+
+Maintained with [Carol Willing](mailto:carolcode@willingconsulting.com),
+[Carl Meyer](mailto:carl@oddbird.net),
+[Mika Naylor](mailto:mail@autophagy.io), and
+[Zsolt Dollenstein](mailto:zsol.zsol@gmail.com).
+
+Multiple contributions by:
+* [Anthony Sottile](mailto:asottile@umich.edu)
+* [Artem Malyshev](mailto:proofit404@gmail.com)
+* [Daniel M. Capella](mailto:polycitizen@gmail.com)
+* [Eli Treuherz](mailto:eli.treuherz@cgi.com)
+* Hugo van Kemenade
+* [Ivan Katanić](mailto:ivan.katanic@gmail.com)
+* [Jonas Obrist](mailto:ojiidotch@gmail.com)
+* [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com)
projects / etc / vim.git / blobdiff