---
_Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** |
-**[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)**
+**[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)** |
**[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** |
**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)**
| **[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)**
_Black_ doesn't provide many options. You can list them by running `black --help`:
```text
-black [OPTIONS] [SRC]...
+Usage: black [OPTIONS] [SRC]...
+
+ The uncompromising code formatter.
Options:
-c, --code TEXT Format the code passed in as a string.
-l, --line-length INTEGER How many characters per line to allow.
[default: 88]
+
-t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38]
Python versions that should be supported by
Black's output. [default: per-file auto-
detection]
- --py36 Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all
- input files. This will put trailing commas
- in function signatures and calls also after
- *args and **kwargs. Deprecated; use
- --target-version instead. [default: per-file
- auto-detection]
+
--pyi Format all input files like typing stubs
regardless of file extension (useful when
piping source on standard input).
+
-S, --skip-string-normalization
Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes.
--check Don't write the files back, just return the
status. Return code 0 means nothing would
change. Return code 1 means some files
- would be reformatted. Return code 123 means
+ would be reformatted. Return code 123 means
there was an internal error.
+
--diff Don't write the files back, just output a
diff for each file on stdout.
+
+ --color / --no-color Show colored diff. Only applies when
+ `--diff` is given.
+
--fast / --safe If --fast given, skip temporary sanity
checks. [default: --safe]
+
--include TEXT A regular expression that matches files and
directories that should be included on
recursive searches. An empty value means
on all platforms (Windows, too). Exclusions
are calculated first, inclusions later.
[default: \.pyi?$]
+
--exclude TEXT A regular expression that matches files and
directories that should be excluded on
recursive searches. An empty value means no
directories on all platforms (Windows, too).
Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions
later. [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy
- _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|_build|buck-
+ _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|\.svn|_build|buck-
out|build|dist)/]
+
+ --force-exclude TEXT Like --exclude, but files and directories
+ matching this regex will be excluded even
+ when they are passed explicitly as arguments
+
-q, --quiet Don't emit non-error messages to stderr.
- Errors are still emitted, silence those with
+ Errors are still emitted; silence those with
2>/dev/null.
+
-v, --verbose Also emit messages to stderr about files
that were not changed or were ignored due to
--exclude=.
+
--version Show the version and exit.
- --config PATH Read configuration from PATH.
+ --config FILE Read configuration from PATH.
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
```
- it only outputs messages to users on standard error;
- exits with code 0 unless an internal error occurred (or `--check` was used).
+### Using _Black_ with other tools
+
+While _Black_ enforces formatting that conforms to PEP 8, other tools may raise warnings
+about _Black_'s changes or will overwrite _Black_'s changes. A good example of this is
+[isort](https://pypi.org/p/isort). Since _Black_ is barely configurable, these tools
+should be configured to neither warn about nor overwrite _Black_'s changes.
+
+Actual details on _Black_ compatible configurations for various tools can be found in
+[compatible_configs](./docs/compatible_configs.md).
+
### NOTE: This is a beta product
_Black_ is already [successfully used](#used-by) by many projects, small and big. It
### Emacs
-Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken) or
-[Elpy](https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy).
+Options include the following:
+
+- [purcell/reformatter.el](https://github.com/purcell/reformatter.el)
+- [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken)
+- [Elpy](https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy).
### PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA
%LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe # possible location
```
+Note that if you are using a virtual environment detected by PyCharm, this is an
+unneeded step. In this case the path to `black` is `$PyInterpreterDirectory$/black`.
+
3. Open External tools in PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA
On macOS:
To install with [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug):
```
-Plug 'psf/black'
+Plug 'psf/black', { 'branch': 'stable' }
```
or with [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim):
Plugin 'psf/black'
```
+and execute the following in a terminal:
+
+```console
+$ cd ~/.vim/bundle/black
+$ git checkout origin/stable -b stable
+```
+
or you can copy the plugin from
-[plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/psf/black/tree/master/plugin/black.vim).
+[plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/stable/plugin/black.vim).
```
mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/python/start/black/plugin
use: `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how to do
this.
+**I get an import error when using _Black_ from a virtual environment**: If you get an
+error message like this:
+
+```text
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+ File "<string>", line 63, in <module>
+ File "/home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/black.py", line 45, in <module>
+ from typed_ast import ast3, ast27
+ File "/home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typed_ast/ast3.py", line 40, in <module>
+ from typed_ast import _ast3
+ImportError: /home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typed_ast/_ast3.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbool: PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt
+```
+
+Then you need to install `typed_ast` and `regex` directly from the source code. The
+error happens because `pip` will download [Python wheels](https://pythonwheels.com/) if
+they are available. Python wheels are a new standard of distributing Python packages and
+packages that have Cython and extensions written in C are already compiled, so the
+installation is much more faster. The problem here is that somehow the Python
+environment inside Vim does not match with those already compiled C extensions and these
+kind of errors are the result. Luckily there is an easy fix: installing the packages
+from the source code.
+
+The two packages that cause the problem are:
+
+- [regex](https://pypi.org/project/regex/)
+- [typed-ast](https://pypi.org/project/typed-ast/)
+
+Now remove those two packages:
+
+```console
+$ pip uninstall regex typed-ast -y
+```
+
+And now you can install them with:
+
+```console
+$ pip install --no-binary :all: regex typed-ast
+```
+
+The C extensions will be compiled and now Vim's Python environment will match. Note that
+you need to have the GCC compiler and the Python development files installed (on
+Ubuntu/Debian do `sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev`).
+
+If you later want to update _Black_, you should do it like this:
+
+```console
+$ pip install -U black --no-binary regex,typed-ast
+```
+
### Visual Studio Code
Use the
Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Pipenv, virtualenv), pandas, Pillow, every Datadog
Agent Integration, Home Assistant.
+The following organizations use _Black_: Dropbox.
+
Are we missing anyone? Let us know.
## Testimonials
projects / etc / vim.git / blobdiff