## PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA
+There are several different ways you can use _Black_ from PyCharm:
+
+1. Using the built-in _Black_ integration (PyCharm 2023.2 and later). This option is the
+ simplest to set up.
+1. As local server using the BlackConnect plugin. This option formats the fastest. It
+ spins up {doc}`Black's HTTP server </usage_and_configuration/black_as_a_server>`, to
+ avoid the startup cost on subsequent formats.
+1. As external tool.
+1. As file watcher.
+
+### Built-in _Black_ integration
+
+1. Install `black`.
+
+ ```console
+ $ pip install black
+ ```
+
+1. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> Black` and configure _Black_ to your
+ liking.
+
+### As local server
+
+1. Install _Black_ with the `d` extra.
+
+ ```console
+ $ pip install 'black[d]'
+ ```
+
+1. Install
+ [BlackConnect IntelliJ IDEs plugin](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/14321-blackconnect).
+
+1. Open plugin configuration in PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA
+
+ On macOS:
+
+ `PyCharm -> Preferences -> Tools -> BlackConnect`
+
+ On Windows / Linux / BSD:
+
+ `File -> Settings -> Tools -> BlackConnect`
+
+1. In `Local Instance (shared between projects)` section:
+
+ 1. Check `Start local blackd instance when plugin loads`.
+ 1. Press the `Detect` button near `Path` input. The plugin should detect the `blackd`
+ executable.
+
+1. In `Trigger Settings` section check `Trigger on code reformat` to enable code
+ reformatting with _Black_.
+
+1. Format the currently opened file by selecting `Code -> Reformat Code` or using a
+ shortcut.
+
+1. Optionally, to run _Black_ on every file save:
+
+ - In `Trigger Settings` section of plugin configuration check
+ `Trigger when saving changed files`.
+
+### As external tool
+
1. Install `black`.
```console
- Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to
`Preferences or Settings -> Keymap -> External Tools -> External Tools - Black`.
-1. Optionally, run _Black_ on every file save:
-
- 1. Make sure you have the
- [File Watchers](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7177-file-watchers) plugin
- installed.
- 1. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a
- new watcher:
- - Name: Black
- - File type: Python
- - Scope: Project Files
- - Program: \<install_location_from_step_2>
- - Arguments: `$FilePath$`
- - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePath$`
- - Working directory: `$ProjectFileDir$`
-
- - In Advanced Options
- - Uncheck "Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher"
- - Uncheck "Trigger the watcher on external changes"
-
-## Wing IDE
-
-Wing supports black via the OS Commands tool, as explained in the Wing documentation on
-[pep8 formatting](https://wingware.com/doc/edit/pep8). The detailed procedure is:
+### As file watcher
1. Install `black`.
$ pip install black
```
-1. Make sure it runs from the command line, e.g.
+1. Locate your `black` installation folder.
+
+ On macOS / Linux / BSD:
```console
- $ black --help
+ $ which black
+ /usr/local/bin/black # possible location
```
-1. In Wing IDE, activate the **OS Commands** panel and define the command **black** to
- execute black on the currently selected file:
+ On Windows:
+
+ ```console
+ $ where black
+ %LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe # possible location
+ ```
+
+ Note that if you are using a virtual environment detected by PyCharm, this is an
+ unneeded step. In this case the path to `black` is `$PyInterpreterDirectory$/black`.
+
+1. Make sure you have the
+ [File Watchers](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7177-file-watchers) plugin
+ installed.
+1. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a new
+ watcher:
+ - Name: Black
+ - File type: Python
+ - Scope: Project Files
+ - Program: \<install_location_from_step_2>
+ - Arguments: `$FilePath$`
+ - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePath$`
+ - Working directory: `$ProjectFileDir$`
+
+- In Advanced Options
+ - Uncheck "Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher"
+ - Uncheck "Trigger the watcher on external changes"
+
+## Wing IDE
+
+Wing IDE supports `black` via **Preference Settings** for system wide settings and
+**Project Properties** for per-project or workspace specific settings, as explained in
+the Wing documentation on
+[Auto-Reformatting](https://wingware.com/doc/edit/auto-reformatting). The detailed
+procedure is:
- - Use the Tools -> OS Commands menu selection
- - click on **+** in **OS Commands** -> New: Command line..
- - Title: black
- - Command Line: black %s
- - I/O Encoding: Use Default
- - Key Binding: F1
- - [x] Raise OS Commands when executed
- - [x] Auto-save files before execution
- - [x] Line mode
+### Prerequistes
-1. Select a file in the editor and press **F1** , or whatever key binding you selected
- in step 3, to reformat the file.
+- Wing IDE version 8.0+
+
+- Install `black`.
+
+ ```console
+ $ pip install black
+ ```
+
+- Make sure it runs from the command line, e.g.
+
+ ```console
+ $ black --help
+ ```
+
+### Preference Settings
+
+If you want Wing IDE to always reformat with `black` for every project, follow these
+steps:
+
+1. In menubar navigate to `Edit -> Preferences -> Editor -> Reformatting`.
+
+1. Set **Auto-Reformat** from `disable` (default) to `Line after edit` or
+ `Whole files before save`.
+
+1. Set **Reformatter** from `PEP8` (default) to `Black`.
+
+### Project Properties
+
+If you want to just reformat for a specific project and not intervene with Wing IDE
+global setting, follow these steps:
+
+1. In menubar navigate to `Project -> Project Properties -> Options`.
+
+1. Set **Auto-Reformat** from `Use Preferences setting` (default) to `Line after edit`
+ or `Whole files before save`.
+
+1. Set **Reformatter** from `Use Preferences setting` (default) to `Black`.
## Vim
Commands and shortcuts:
- `:Black` to format the entire file (ranges not supported);
+ - you can optionally pass `target_version=<version>` with the same values as in the
+ command line.
- `:BlackUpgrade` to upgrade _Black_ inside the virtualenv;
-- `:BlackVersion` to get the current version of _Black_ inside the virtualenv.
+- `:BlackVersion` to get the current version of _Black_ in use.
Configuration:
- `g:black_fast` (defaults to `0`)
- `g:black_linelength` (defaults to `88`)
- `g:black_skip_string_normalization` (defaults to `0`)
+- `g:black_skip_magic_trailing_comma` (defaults to `0`)
- `g:black_virtualenv` (defaults to `~/.vim/black` or `~/.local/share/nvim/black`)
+- `g:black_use_virtualenv` (defaults to `1`)
+- `g:black_target_version` (defaults to `""`)
- `g:black_quiet` (defaults to `0`)
+- `g:black_preview` (defaults to `0`)
+
+#### Installation
+
+This plugin **requires Vim 7.0+ built with Python 3.8+ support**. It needs Python 3.8 to
+be able to run _Black_ inside the Vim process which is much faster than calling an
+external command.
+
+##### `vim-plug`
To install with [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug):
+_Black_'s `stable` branch tracks official version updates, and can be used to simply
+follow the most recent stable version.
+
```
Plug 'psf/black', { 'branch': 'stable' }
```
+Another option which is a bit more explicit and offers more control is to use
+`vim-plug`'s `tag` option with a shell wildcard. This will resolve to the latest tag
+which matches the given pattern.
+
+The following matches all stable versions (see the
+[Release Process](../contributing/release_process.md) section for documentation of
+version scheme used by Black):
+
+```
+Plug 'psf/black', { 'tag': '*.*.*' }
+```
+
+and the following demonstrates pinning to a specific year's stable style (2022 in this
+case):
+
+```
+Plug 'psf/black', { 'tag': '22.*.*' }
+```
+
+##### Vundle
+
or with [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim):
```
$ git checkout origin/stable -b stable
```
+##### Arch Linux
+
+On Arch Linux, the plugin is shipped with the
+[`python-black`](https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/any/python-black/) package, so you
+can start using it in Vim after install with no additional setup.
+
+##### Vim 8 Native Plugin Management
+
or you can copy the plugin files from
[plugin/black.vim](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/stable/plugin/black.vim) and
[autoload/black.vim](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/stable/autoload/black.vim).
Let me know if this requires any changes to work with Vim 8's builtin `packadd`, or
Pathogen, and so on.
-This plugin **requires Vim 7.0+ built with Python 3.6+ support**. It needs Python 3.6 to
-be able to run _Black_ inside the Vim process which is much faster than calling an
-external command.
+#### Usage
On first run, the plugin creates its own virtualenv using the right Python version and
automatically installs _Black_. You can upgrade it later by calling `:BlackUpgrade` and
example you want to run a version from main), create a virtualenv manually and point
`g:black_virtualenv` to it. The plugin will use it.
-To run _Black_ on save, add the following line to `.vimrc` or `init.vim`:
+If you would prefer to use the system installation of _Black_ rather than a virtualenv,
+then add this to your vimrc:
```
-autocmd BufWritePre *.py execute ':Black'
+let g:black_use_virtualenv = 0
```
-To run _Black_ on a key press (e.g. F9 below), add this:
+Note that the `:BlackUpgrade` command is only usable and useful with a virtualenv, so
+when the virtualenv is not in use, `:BlackUpgrade` is disabled. If you need to upgrade
+the system installation of _Black_, then use your system package manager or pip--
+whatever tool you used to install _Black_ originally.
-```
-nnoremap <F9> :Black<CR>
-```
+To run _Black_ on save, add the following lines to `.vimrc` or `init.vim`:
-**How to get Vim with Python 3.6?** On Ubuntu 17.10 Vim comes with Python 3.6 by
-default. On macOS with Homebrew run: `brew install vim`. When building Vim from source,
-use: `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how to do
-this.
-
-**I get an import error when using _Black_ from a virtual environment**: If you get an
-error message like this:
-
-```text
-Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "<string>", line 63, in <module>
- File "/home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/black.py", line 45, in <module>
- from typed_ast import ast3, ast27
- File "/home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typed_ast/ast3.py", line 40, in <module>
- from typed_ast import _ast3
-ImportError: /home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typed_ast/_ast3.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbool: PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt
```
-
-Then you need to install `typed_ast` and `regex` directly from the source code. The
-error happens because `pip` will download [Python wheels](https://pythonwheels.com/) if
-they are available. Python wheels are a new standard of distributing Python packages and
-packages that have Cython and extensions written in C are already compiled, so the
-installation is much more faster. The problem here is that somehow the Python
-environment inside Vim does not match with those already compiled C extensions and these
-kind of errors are the result. Luckily there is an easy fix: installing the packages
-from the source code.
-
-The two packages that cause the problem are:
-
-- [regex](https://pypi.org/project/regex/)
-- [typed-ast](https://pypi.org/project/typed-ast/)
-
-Now remove those two packages:
-
-```console
-$ pip uninstall regex typed-ast -y
+augroup black_on_save
+ autocmd!
+ autocmd BufWritePre *.py Black
+augroup end
```
-And now you can install them with:
+To run _Black_ on a key press (e.g. F9 below), add this:
-```console
-$ pip install --no-binary :all: regex typed-ast
```
-
-The C extensions will be compiled and now Vim's Python environment will match. Note that
-you need to have the GCC compiler and the Python development files installed (on
-Ubuntu/Debian do `sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev`).
-
-If you later want to update _Black_, you should do it like this:
-
-```console
-$ pip install -U black --no-binary regex,typed-ast
+nnoremap <F9> :Black<CR>
```
### With ALE
## Visual Studio Code
-Use the
-[Python extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python)
-([instructions](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/editing#_formatting)).
+- Use the
+ [Python extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python)
+ ([instructions](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/formatting)).
+
+- Alternatively the pre-release
+ [Black Formatter](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.black-formatter)
+ extension can be used which runs a [Language Server Protocol](https://langserver.org/)
+ server for Black. Formatting is much more responsive using this extension, **but the
+ minimum supported version of Black is 22.3.0**.
-## SublimeText 3
+## SublimeText
-Use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack).
+For SublimeText 3, use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack). For
+higher versions, it is recommended to use [LSP](#python-lsp-server) as documented below.
## Python LSP Server
projects / etc / vim.git / blobdiff