Update README.md (#1453)

[etc/vim.git] / README.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index def311ff2fbaab29eea816d99767ca2124536d0c..6125289eb48804bed80975091a2f48f518dd33e0 100644 (file)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.now.sh). Watch the
 _Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** |
 **[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)** |
 **[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** |
 _Contents:_ **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** |
 **[Code style](#the-black-code-style)** | **[Pragmatism](#pragmatism)** |
 **[pyproject.toml](#pyprojecttoml)** | **[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** |

-**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)**
-| **[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)**
-| **[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** |
+**[blackd](#blackd)** | **[black-primer](#black-primer)** |
+**[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** |
+**[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** | **[Used by](#used-by)** |
+**[Testimonials](#testimonials)** | **[Show your style](#show-your-style)** |

 **[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** | **[Change Log](#change-log)** |
 **[Authors](#authors)**
 
 **[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** | **[Change Log](#change-log)** |
 **[Authors](#authors)**
 


@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ run but you can reformat Python 2 code with it, too.
 
 To get started right away with sensible defaults:
 
 
 To get started right away with sensible defaults:
 

-```
+```sh

 black {source_file_or_directory}
 ```
 
 black {source_file_or_directory}
 ```
 


@@ -61,30 +62,41 @@ black {source_file_or_directory}
 _Black_ doesn't provide many options. You can list them by running `black --help`:
 
 ```text
 _Black_ doesn't provide many options. You can list them by running `black --help`:
 
 ```text

-black [OPTIONS] [SRC]...
+Usage: black [OPTIONS] [SRC]...
+
+  The uncompromising code formatter.

 
 Options:
   -c, --code TEXT                 Format the code passed in as a string.
   -l, --line-length INTEGER       How many characters per line to allow.
                                   [default: 88]
 
 Options:
   -c, --code TEXT                 Format the code passed in as a string.
   -l, --line-length INTEGER       How many characters per line to allow.
                                   [default: 88]

+

   -t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38]
                                   Python versions that should be supported by
                                   Black's output. [default: per-file auto-
                                   detection]
   -t, --target-version [py27|py33|py34|py35|py36|py37|py38]
                                   Python versions that should be supported by
                                   Black's output. [default: per-file auto-
                                   detection]

+

   --pyi                           Format all input files like typing stubs
                                   regardless of file extension (useful when
                                   piping source on standard input).
   --pyi                           Format all input files like typing stubs
                                   regardless of file extension (useful when
                                   piping source on standard input).

+

   -S, --skip-string-normalization
                                   Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes.
   --check                         Don't write the files back, just return the
                                   status.  Return code 0 means nothing would
                                   change.  Return code 1 means some files
   -S, --skip-string-normalization
                                   Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes.
   --check                         Don't write the files back, just return the
                                   status.  Return code 0 means nothing would
                                   change.  Return code 1 means some files

-                                  would be reformatted.  Return code 123 means
+                                  would be reformatted. Return code 123 means

                                   there was an internal error.
                                   there was an internal error.

+

   --diff                          Don't write the files back, just output a
                                   diff for each file on stdout.
   --diff                          Don't write the files back, just output a
                                   diff for each file on stdout.

+
+  --color / --no-color            Show colored diff. Only applies when
+                                  `--diff` is given.
+

   --fast / --safe                 If --fast given, skip temporary sanity
                                   checks. [default: --safe]
   --fast / --safe                 If --fast given, skip temporary sanity
                                   checks. [default: --safe]

+

   --include TEXT                  A regular expression that matches files and
                                   directories that should be included on
                                   recursive searches.  An empty value means
   --include TEXT                  A regular expression that matches files and
                                   directories that should be included on
                                   recursive searches.  An empty value means


@@ -93,6 +105,7 @@ Options:
                                   on all platforms (Windows, too).  Exclusions
                                   are calculated first, inclusions later.
                                   [default: \.pyi?$]
                                   on all platforms (Windows, too).  Exclusions
                                   are calculated first, inclusions later.
                                   [default: \.pyi?$]

+

   --exclude TEXT                  A regular expression that matches files and
                                   directories that should be excluded on
                                   recursive searches.  An empty value means no
   --exclude TEXT                  A regular expression that matches files and
                                   directories that should be excluded on
                                   recursive searches.  An empty value means no


@@ -100,16 +113,23 @@ Options:
                                   directories on all platforms (Windows, too).
                                   Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions
                                   later.  [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy
                                   directories on all platforms (Windows, too).
                                   Exclusions are calculated first, inclusions
                                   later.  [default: /(\.eggs|\.git|\.hg|\.mypy

-                                  _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|_build|buck-
+                                  _cache|\.nox|\.tox|\.venv|\.svn|_build|buck-

                                   out|build|dist)/]
                                   out|build|dist)/]

+
+  --force-exclude TEXT            Like --exclude, but files and directories
+                                  matching this regex will be excluded even
+                                  when they are passed explicitly as arguments
+

   -q, --quiet                     Don't emit non-error messages to stderr.
   -q, --quiet                     Don't emit non-error messages to stderr.

-                                  Errors are still emitted, silence those with
+                                  Errors are still emitted; silence those with

                                   2>/dev/null.
                                   2>/dev/null.

+

   -v, --verbose                   Also emit messages to stderr about files
                                   that were not changed or were ignored due to
                                   --exclude=.
   -v, --verbose                   Also emit messages to stderr about files
                                   that were not changed or were ignored due to
                                   --exclude=.

+

   --version                       Show the version and exit.
   --version                       Show the version and exit.

-  --config PATH                   Read configuration from PATH.
+  --config FILE                   Read configuration from PATH.

   -h, --help                      Show this message and exit.
 ```
 
   -h, --help                      Show this message and exit.
 ```
 


@@ -129,7 +149,51 @@ about _Black_'s changes or will overwrite _Black_'s changes. A good example of t
 should be configured to neither warn about nor overwrite _Black_'s changes.
 
 Actual details on _Black_ compatible configurations for various tools can be found in
 should be configured to neither warn about nor overwrite _Black_'s changes.
 
 Actual details on _Black_ compatible configurations for various tools can be found in

-[compatible_configs](./docs/compatible_configs.md).
+[compatible_configs](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/docs/compatible_configs.md).
+
+### Migrating your code style without ruining git blame
+
+A long-standing argument against moving to automated code formatters like _Black_ is
+that the migration will clutter up the output of `git blame`. This was a valid argument,
+but since Git version 2.23, Git natively supports
+[ignoring revisions in blame](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame#Documentation/git-blame.txt---ignore-revltrevgt)
+with the `--ignore-rev` option. You can also pass a file listing the revisions to ignore
+using the `--ignore-revs-file` option. The changes made by the revision will be ignored
+when assigning blame. Lines modified by an ignored revision will be blamed on the
+previous revision that modified those lines.
+
+So when migrating your project's code style to _Black_, reformat everything and commit
+the changes (preferably in one massive commit). Then put the full 40 characters commit
+identifier(s) into a file.
+
+```
+# Migrate code style to Black
+5b4ab991dede475d393e9d69ec388fd6bd949699
+```
+
+Afterwards, you can pass that file to `git blame` and see clean and meaningful blame
+information.
+
+```console
+$ git blame important.py --ignore-revs-file .git-blame-ignore-revs
+7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 1) def very_important_function(text, file):
+abdfd8b0 (Alice Doe  2019-09-23 11:39:32 -0400 2)     text = text.lstrip()
+7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 3)     with open(file, "r+") as f:
+7a1ae265 (John Smith 2019-04-15 15:55:13 -0400 4)         f.write(formatted)
+```
+
+You can even configure `git` to automatically ignore revisions listed in a file on every
+call to `git blame`.
+
+```console
+$ git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+```
+
+**The one caveat is that GitHub and GitLab do not yet support ignoring revisions using
+their native UI of blame.** So blame information will be cluttered with a reformatting
+commit on those platforms. (If you'd like this feature, there's an open issue for
+[GitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/31423) and please let GitHub
+know!)

 
 ### NOTE: This is a beta product
 
 
 ### NOTE: This is a beta product
 


@@ -219,6 +283,69 @@ def very_important_function(
         ...
 ```
 
         ...
 ```
 

+_Black_ prefers parentheses over backslashes, and will remove backslashes if found.
+
+```py3
+# in:
+
+if some_short_rule1 \
+  and some_short_rule2:
+      ...
+
+# out:
+
+if some_short_rule1 and some_short_rule2:
+  ...
+
+
+# in:
+
+if some_long_rule1 \
+  and some_long_rule2:
+    ...
+
+# out:
+
+if (
+    some_long_rule1
+    and some_long_rule2
+):
+    ...
+
+```
+
+Backslashes and multiline strings are one of the two places in the Python grammar that
+break significant indentation. You never need backslashes, they are used to force the
+grammar to accept breaks that would otherwise be parse errors. That makes them confusing
+to look at and brittle to modify. This is why _Black_ always gets rid of them.
+
+If you're reaching for backslashes, that's a clear signal that you can do better if you
+slightly refactor your code. I hope some of the examples above show you that there are
+many ways in which you can do it.
+
+However there is one exception: `with` statements using multiple context managers.
+Python's grammar does not allow organizing parentheses around the series of context
+managers.
+
+We don't want formatting like:
+
+```py3
+with make_context_manager1() as cm1, make_context_manager2() as cm2, make_context_manager3() as cm3, make_context_manager4() as cm4:
+    ...  # nothing to split on - line too long
+```
+
+So _Black_ will now format it like this:
+
+```py3
+with \
+     make_context_manager(1) as cm1, \
+     make_context_manager(2) as cm2, \
+     make_context_manager(3) as cm3, \
+     make_context_manager(4) as cm4 \
+:
+    ...  # backslashes and an ugly stranded colon
+```
+

 You might have noticed that closing brackets are always dedented and that a trailing
 comma is always added. Such formatting produces smaller diffs; when you add or remove an
 element, it's always just one line. Also, having the closing bracket dedented provides a
 You might have noticed that closing brackets are always dedented and that a trailing
 comma is always added. Such formatting produces smaller diffs; when you add or remove an
 element, it's always just one line. Also, having the closing bracket dedented provides a


@@ -399,9 +526,12 @@ PEP 8
 [recommends](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#whitespace-in-expressions-and-statements)
 to treat `:` in slices as a binary operator with the lowest priority, and to leave an
 equal amount of space on either side, except if a parameter is omitted (e.g.
 [recommends](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#whitespace-in-expressions-and-statements)
 to treat `:` in slices as a binary operator with the lowest priority, and to leave an
 equal amount of space on either side, except if a parameter is omitted (e.g.

-`ham[1 + 1 :]`). It also states that for extended slices, both `:` operators have to
-have the same amount of spacing, except if a parameter is omitted (`ham[1 + 1 ::]`).
-_Black_ enforces these rules consistently.
+`ham[1 + 1 :]`). It recommends no spaces around `:` operators for "simple expressions"
+(`ham[lower:upper]`), and extra space for "complex expressions"
+(`ham[lower : upper + offset]`). _Black_ treats anything more than variable names as
+"complex" (`ham[lower : upper + 1]`). It also states that for extended slices, both `:`
+operators have to have the same amount of spacing, except if a parameter is omitted
+(`ham[1 + 1 ::]`). _Black_ enforces these rules consistently.

 
 This behaviour may raise `E203 whitespace before ':'` warnings in style guide
 enforcement tools like Flake8. Since `E203` is not PEP 8 compliant, you should tell
 
 This behaviour may raise `E203 whitespace before ':'` warnings in style guide
 enforcement tools like Flake8. Since `E203` is not PEP 8 compliant, you should tell


@@ -625,8 +755,11 @@ file hierarchy.
 
 ### Emacs
 
 
 ### Emacs
 

-Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken) or
-[Elpy](https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy).
+Options include the following:
+
+- [purcell/reformatter.el](https://github.com/purcell/reformatter.el)
+- [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken)
+- [Elpy](https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy).

 
 ### PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA
 
 
 ### PyCharm/IntelliJ IDEA
 


@@ -680,7 +813,7 @@ On Windows / Linux / BSD:
 6. Optionally, run _Black_ on every file save:
 
    1. Make sure you have the
 6. Optionally, run _Black_ on every file save:
 
    1. Make sure you have the

-      [File Watcher](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7177-file-watchers) plugin
+      [File Watchers](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7177-file-watchers) plugin

       installed.
    2. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a
       new watcher:
       installed.
    2. Go to `Preferences or Settings -> Tools -> File Watchers` and click `+` to add a
       new watcher:


@@ -692,7 +825,7 @@ On Windows / Linux / BSD:
       - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePath$`
       - Working directory: `$ProjectFileDir$`
 
       - Output paths to refresh: `$FilePath$`
       - Working directory: `$ProjectFileDir$`
 

-   - Uncheck "Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher"
+   - Uncheck "Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher" in Advanced Options

 
 ### Wing IDE
 
 
 ### Wing IDE
 


@@ -801,6 +934,55 @@ default. On macOS with Homebrew run: `brew install vim`. When building Vim from
 use: `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how to do
 this.
 
 use: `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how to do
 this.
 

+**I get an import error when using _Black_ from a virtual environment**: If you get an
+error message like this:
+
+```text
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<string>", line 63, in <module>
+  File "/home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/black.py", line 45, in <module>
+    from typed_ast import ast3, ast27
+  File "/home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typed_ast/ast3.py", line 40, in <module>
+    from typed_ast import _ast3
+ImportError: /home/gui/.vim/black/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typed_ast/_ast3.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbool: PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt
+```
+
+Then you need to install `typed_ast` and `regex` directly from the source code. The
+error happens because `pip` will download [Python wheels](https://pythonwheels.com/) if
+they are available. Python wheels are a new standard of distributing Python packages and
+packages that have Cython and extensions written in C are already compiled, so the
+installation is much more faster. The problem here is that somehow the Python
+environment inside Vim does not match with those already compiled C extensions and these
+kind of errors are the result. Luckily there is an easy fix: installing the packages
+from the source code.
+
+The two packages that cause the problem are:
+
+- [regex](https://pypi.org/project/regex/)
+- [typed-ast](https://pypi.org/project/typed-ast/)
+
+Now remove those two packages:
+
+```console
+$ pip uninstall regex typed-ast -y
+```
+
+And now you can install them with:
+
+```console
+$ pip install --no-binary :all: regex typed-ast
+```
+
+The C extensions will be compiled and now Vim's Python environment will match. Note that
+you need to have the GCC compiler and the Python development files installed (on
+Ubuntu/Debian do `sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev`).
+
+If you later want to update _Black_, you should do it like this:
+
+```console
+$ pip install -U black --no-binary regex,typed-ast
+```
+

 ### Visual Studio Code
 
 Use the
 ### Visual Studio Code
 
 Use the


@@ -828,7 +1010,7 @@ Use [python-black](https://atom.io/packages/python-black).
 
 ### Kakoune
 
 
 ### Kakoune
 

-Add the following hook to your kakrc, then run black with `:format`.
+Add the following hook to your kakrc, then run _Black_ with `:format`.

 
 ```
 hook global WinSetOption filetype=python %{
 
 ```
 hook global WinSetOption filetype=python %{


@@ -887,7 +1069,7 @@ Options:
 There is no official blackd client tool (yet!). You can test that blackd is working
 using `curl`:
 
 There is no official blackd client tool (yet!). You can test that blackd is working
 using `curl`:
 

-```
+```sh

 blackd --bind-port 9090 &  # or let blackd choose a port
 curl -s -XPOST "localhost:9090" -d "print('valid')"
 ```
 blackd --bind-port 9090 &  # or let blackd choose a port
 curl -s -XPOST "localhost:9090" -d "print('valid')"
 ```


@@ -936,6 +1118,124 @@ Apart from the above, `blackd` can produce the following response codes:
 The response headers include a `X-Black-Version` header containing the version of
 _Black_.
 
 The response headers include a `X-Black-Version` header containing the version of
 _Black_.
 

+## black-primer
+
+`black-primer` is a tool built for CI (and huumans) to have _Black_ `--check` a number
+of (configured in `primer.json`) Git accessible projects in parallel. _(A PR will be
+accepted to add Mercurial support.)_
+
+### Run flow
+
+- Ensure we have a `black` + `git` in PATH
+- Load projects from `primer.json`
+- Run projects in parallel with `--worker` workers (defaults to CPU count / 2)
+  - Checkout projects
+  - Run black and record result
+  - Clean up repository checkout _(can optionally be disabled via `--keep`)_
+- Display results summary to screen
+- Default to cleaning up `--work-dir` (which defaults to tempfile schemantics)
+- Return
+  - 0 for successful run
+  - < 0 for environment / internal error
+  - > 0 for each project with an error
+
+### Speed up Runs 🏎
+
+If you're running locally yourself to test black on lots of code try:
+
+- Using `-k` / `--keep` + `-w` / `--work-dir` so you don't have to re-checkout the repo
+  each run
+
+### CLI Arguments
+
+```text
+Usage: black-primer [OPTIONS]
+
+  primer - prime projects for blackening... 🏴
+
+Options:
+  -c, --config PATH      JSON config file path  [default: /Users/cooper/repos/
+                         black/src/black_primer/primer.json]
+
+  --debug                Turn on debug logging  [default: False]
+  -k, --keep             Keep workdir + repos post run  [default: False]
+  -L, --long-checkouts   Pull big projects to test  [default: False]
+  -R, --rebase           Rebase project if already checked out  [default:
+                         False]
+
+  -w, --workdir PATH     Directory Path for repo checkouts  [default: /var/fol
+                         ders/tc/hbwxh76j1hn6gqjd2n2sjn4j9k1glp/T/primer.20200
+                         517125229]
+
+  -W, --workers INTEGER  Number of parallel worker coroutines  [default: 69]
+  -h, --help             Show this message and exit.
+```
+
+### primer config file
+
+The config is JSON format. Its main element is the `"projects"` dictionary. Below
+explains each parameter:
+
+```json
+{
+  "projects": {
+    "00_Example": {
+      "cli_arguments": "List of extra CLI arguments to pass Black for this project",
+      "expect_formatting_changes": "Boolean to indicate that the version of Black is expected to cause changes",
+      "git_clone_url": "URL you would pass `git clone` to check out this repo",
+      "long_checkout": "Boolean to have repo skipped by defauult unless `--long-checkouts` is specified",
+      "py_versions": "List of major Python versions to run this project with - all will do as you'd expect - run on ALL versions"
+    },
+    "aioexabgp": {
+      "cli_arguments": [],
+      "expect_formatting_changes": true,
+      "git_clone_url": "https://github.com/cooperlees/aioexabgp.git",
+      "long_checkout": false,
+      "py_versions": ["all", "3.8"] // "all" ignores all other versions
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Example run
+
+```console
+cooper-mbp:black cooper$ ~/venvs/b/bin/black-primer
+[2020-05-17 13:06:40,830] INFO: 4 projects to run Black over (lib.py:270)
+[2020-05-17 13:06:44,215] INFO: Analyzing results (lib.py:285)
+-- primer results 📊 --
+
+3 / 4 succeeded (75.0%) ✅
+1 / 4 FAILED (25.0%) 💩
+ - 0 projects disabled by config
+ - 0 projects skipped due to Python version
+ - 0 skipped due to long checkout
+
+Failed projects:
+
+## flake8-bugbear:
+ - Returned 1
+ - stdout:
+--- tests/b303_b304.py 2020-05-17 20:04:09.991227 +0000
++++ tests/b303_b304.py 2020-05-17 20:06:42.753851 +0000
+@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
+     maxint = 5  # this is okay
+     # the following shouldn't crash
+     (a, b, c) = list(range(3))
+     # it's different than this
+     a, b, c = list(range(3))
+-    a, b, c, = list(range(3))
++    a, b, c = list(range(3))
+     # and different than this
+     (a, b), c = list(range(3))
+     a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+     b[1:3] = [0, 0]
+
+would reformat tests/b303_b304.py
+Oh no! 💥 💔 💥
+1 file would be reformatted, 22 files would be left unchanged.
+```
+

 ## Version control integration
 
 Use [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/). Once you
 ## Version control integration
 
 Use [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/). Once you


@@ -960,7 +1260,7 @@ for your project. See _Black_'s own
 example.
 
 If you're already using Python 3.7, switch the `language_version` accordingly. Finally,
 example.
 
 If you're already using Python 3.7, switch the `language_version` accordingly. Finally,

-`stable` is a tag that is pinned to the latest release on PyPI. If you'd rather run on
+`stable` is a branch that tracks the latest release on PyPI. If you'd rather run on

 master, this is also an option.
 
 ## Ignoring unmodified files
 master, this is also an option.
 
 ## Ignoring unmodified files


@@ -989,10 +1289,10 @@ then write the above files to `.cache/black/<version>/`.
 
 The following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent
 code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs, SQLAlchemy,
 
 The following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent
 code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs, SQLAlchemy,

-Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Pipenv, virtualenv), pandas, Pillow, every Datadog
-Agent Integration, Home Assistant.
+Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Bandersnatch, Pipenv, virtualenv), pandas, Pillow,
+every Datadog Agent Integration, Home Assistant.

 
 

-The following organizations use _Black_: Dropbox.
+The following organizations use _Black_: Facebook, Dropbox.

 
 Are we missing anyone? Let us know.
 
 
 Are we missing anyone? Let us know.
 


@@ -1051,13 +1351,14 @@ other hand, if your answer is "because I don't like a particular formatting" the
 not ready to embrace _Black_ yet. Such changes are unlikely to get accepted. You can
 still try but prepare to be disappointed.
 
 not ready to embrace _Black_ yet. Such changes are unlikely to get accepted. You can
 still try but prepare to be disappointed.
 

-More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md).
+More details can be found in
+[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).

 
 ## Change Log
 
 The log's become rather long. It moved to its own file.
 
 
 ## Change Log
 
 The log's become rather long. It moved to its own file.
 

-See [CHANGES](CHANGES.md).
+See [CHANGES](https://github.com/psf/black/blob/master/CHANGES.md).

 
 ## Authors
 
 
 ## Authors