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_Black_ is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool:
_Black_ is a well-behaved Unix-style command-line tool:
-- it does nothing if no sources are passed to i t;
+- it does nothing if it finds no sources to forma t;
- it will read from standard input and write to standard output if `-` is used as the
filename;
- it only outputs messages to users on standard error;
- it will read from standard input and write to standard output if `-` is used as the
filename;
- it only outputs messages to users on standard error;
-- exits with code 0 unless an internal error occurred (or `--check` was used) .
+- exits with code 0 unless an internal error occurred or a CLI option prompted it .
-_Black_ has quite a few knobs these days, although _Black_ is opinionated so style
-configuration options are deliberately limited and rarely added. You can list them by
-running `black --help` .
+The CLI options of _Black_ can be displayed by expanding the view below or by running
+`black --help`. While _Black_ has quite a few knobs these days, it is still opinionated
+so style options are deliberately limited and rarely added .
-<summary>Help output </summary>
+<summary>CLI reference </summary>
```{program-output} black --help
```{program-output} black --help
+Note that all command-line options listed above can also be configured using a
+`pyproject.toml` file (more on that below).
+
### Code input alternatives
#### Standard Input
### Code input alternatives
#### Standard Input
There's two variations to this mode that are independently enabled by their respective
flags. Both variations can be enabled at once.
There's two variations to this mode that are independently enabled by their respective
flags. Both variations can be enabled at once.
#### Exit code
Passing `--check` will make _Black_ exit with:
#### Exit code
Passing `--check` will make _Black_ exit with:
```console
$ black --version
```console
$ black --version
```
An option to require a specific version to be running is also provided.
```console
```
An option to require a specific version to be running is also provided.
```console
-$ black --required-version 21.5b2 -c "format = 'this'"
+$ black --required-version 21.9b0 -c "format = 'this'"
format = "this"
$ black --required-version 31.5b2 -c "still = 'beta?!'"
Oh no! 💥 💔 💥 The required version does not match the running version!
format = "this"
$ black --required-version 31.5b2 -c "still = 'beta?!'"
Oh no! 💥 💔 💥 The required version does not match the running version!
[PEP 518](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/) defines `pyproject.toml` as a
configuration file to store build system requirements for Python projects. With the help
[PEP 518](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/) defines `pyproject.toml` as a
configuration file to store build system requirements for Python projects. With the help
-of tools like [Poetry](https://python-poetry.org/) or
-[Flit](https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) it can fully replace the need for
-`setup.py` and `setup.cfg` files.
+of tools like [Poetry](https://python-poetry.org/),
+[Flit](https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), or
+[Hatch](https://hatch.pypa.io/latest/) it can fully replace the need for `setup.py` and
+`setup.cfg` files.
### Where _Black_ looks for the file
### Where _Black_ looks for the file
line-length = 88
target-version = ['py37']
include = '\.pyi?$'
line-length = 88
target-version = ['py37']
include = '\.pyi?$'
+# 'extend-exclude' excludes files or directories in addition to the defaults
extend-exclude = '''
# A regex preceded with ^/ will apply only to files and directories
# in the root of the project.
extend-exclude = '''
# A regex preceded with ^/ will apply only to files and directories
# in the root of the project.
-^/foo.py # exclude a file named foo.py in the root of the project (in addition to the defaults)
+(
+ ^/foo.py # exclude a file named foo.py in the root of the project
+ | .*_pb2.py # exclude autogenerated Protocol Buffer files anywhere in the project
+)
-You've probably noted that not all of the options you can pass to _Black_ have been
-covered. Don't worry, the rest will be covered in a later section.
-
A good next step would be configuring auto-discovery so `black .` is all you need
instead of laborously listing every file or directory. You can get started by heading
over to [File collection and discovery](./file_collection_and_discovery.md).
A good next step would be configuring auto-discovery so `black .` is all you need
instead of laborously listing every file or directory. You can get started by heading
over to [File collection and discovery](./file_collection_and_discovery.md).
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