Not actually using the Model T logo after all

[etc/vim.git] / black.py

diff --git a/black.py b/black.py
index 75fbdcadd41159f0b38446288f1b05c5f1408995..dc02128313154690de62de810abf399efcdb3433 100644 (file)
--- a/black.py
+++ b/black.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+

 import asyncio
 from asyncio.base_events import BaseEventLoop
 from concurrent.futures import Executor, ProcessPoolExecutor
 import asyncio
 from asyncio.base_events import BaseEventLoop
 from concurrent.futures import Executor, ProcessPoolExecutor


@@ -7,11 +8,12 @@ import keyword
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import tokenize
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import tokenize

+import sys

 from typing import (
 from typing import (

-    Dict, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+    Dict, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union

 )
 
 )
 

-from attr import attrib, dataclass, Factory
+from attr import dataclass, Factory

 import click
 
 # lib2to3 fork
 import click
 
 # lib2to3 fork


@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ from blib2to3 import pygram, pytree
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import driver, token
 from blib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError
 
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import driver, token
 from blib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError
 

-__version__ = "18.3a1"
+__version__ = "18.3a3"

 DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 88
 # types
 syms = pygram.python_symbols
 DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 88
 # types
 syms = pygram.python_symbols


@@ -42,10 +44,38 @@ class NothingChanged(UserWarning):
 class CannotSplit(Exception):
     """A readable split that fits the allotted line length is impossible.
 
 class CannotSplit(Exception):
     """A readable split that fits the allotted line length is impossible.
 

-    Raised by `left_hand_split()` and `right_hand_split()`.
+    Raised by `left_hand_split()`, `right_hand_split()`, and `delimiter_split()`.

     """
 
 
     """
 
 

+class FormatError(Exception):
+    """Base fmt: on/off error.
+
+    It holds the number of bytes of the prefix consumed before the format
+    control comment appeared.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, consumed: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(consumed)
+        self.consumed = consumed
+
+    def trim_prefix(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None:
+        leaf.prefix = leaf.prefix[self.consumed:]
+
+    def leaf_from_consumed(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Leaf:
+        """Returns a new Leaf from the consumed part of the prefix."""
+        unformatted_prefix = leaf.prefix[:self.consumed]
+        return Leaf(token.NEWLINE, unformatted_prefix)
+
+
+class FormatOn(FormatError):
+    """Found a comment like `# fmt: on` in the file."""
+
+
+class FormatOff(FormatError):
+    """Found a comment like `# fmt: off` in the file."""
+
+

 @click.command()
 @click.option(
     '-l',
 @click.command()
 @click.option(
     '-l',


@@ -55,6 +85,15 @@ class CannotSplit(Exception):
     help='How many character per line to allow.',
     show_default=True,
 )
     help='How many character per line to allow.',
     show_default=True,
 )

+@click.option(
+    '--check',
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Don't write back the files, just return the status.  Return code 0 "
+        "means nothing would change.  Return code 1 means some files would be "
+        "reformatted.  Return code 123 means there was an internal error."
+    ),
+)

 @click.option(
     '--fast/--safe',
     is_flag=True,
 @click.option(
     '--fast/--safe',
     is_flag=True,


@@ -64,10 +103,14 @@ class CannotSplit(Exception):
 @click.argument(
     'src',
     nargs=-1,
 @click.argument(
     'src',
     nargs=-1,

-    type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True, readable=True),
+    type=click.Path(
+        exists=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True, readable=True, allow_dash=True
+    ),

 )
 @click.pass_context
 )
 @click.pass_context

-def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> None:
+def main(
+    ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, check: bool, fast: bool, src: List[str]
+) -> None:

     """The uncompromising code formatter."""
     sources: List[Path] = []
     for s in src:
     """The uncompromising code formatter."""
     sources: List[Path] = []
     for s in src:


@@ -77,15 +120,24 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> No
         elif p.is_file():
             # if a file was explicitly given, we don't care about its extension
             sources.append(p)
         elif p.is_file():
             # if a file was explicitly given, we don't care about its extension
             sources.append(p)

+        elif s == '-':
+            sources.append(Path('-'))

         else:
             err(f'invalid path: {s}')
     if len(sources) == 0:
         ctx.exit(0)
     elif len(sources) == 1:
         p = sources[0]
         else:
             err(f'invalid path: {s}')
     if len(sources) == 0:
         ctx.exit(0)
     elif len(sources) == 1:
         p = sources[0]

-        report = Report()
+        report = Report(check=check)

         try:
         try:

-            changed = format_file_in_place(p, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+            if not p.is_file() and str(p) == '-':
+                changed = format_stdin_to_stdout(
+                    line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=not check
+                )
+            else:
+                changed = format_file_in_place(
+                    p, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=not check
+                )

             report.done(p, changed)
         except Exception as exc:
             report.failed(p, str(exc))
             report.done(p, changed)
         except Exception as exc:
             report.failed(p, str(exc))


@@ -96,7 +148,9 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> No
         return_code = 1
         try:
             return_code = loop.run_until_complete(
         return_code = 1
         try:
             return_code = loop.run_until_complete(

-                schedule_formatting(sources, line_length, fast, loop, executor)
+                schedule_formatting(
+                    sources, line_length, not check, fast, loop, executor
+                )

             )
         finally:
             loop.close()
             )
         finally:
             loop.close()


@@ -106,13 +160,14 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> No
 async def schedule_formatting(
     sources: List[Path],
     line_length: int,
 async def schedule_formatting(
     sources: List[Path],
     line_length: int,

+    write_back: bool,

     fast: bool,
     loop: BaseEventLoop,
     executor: Executor,
 ) -> int:
     tasks = {
         src: loop.run_in_executor(
     fast: bool,
     loop: BaseEventLoop,
     executor: Executor,
 ) -> int:
     tasks = {
         src: loop.run_in_executor(

-            executor, format_file_in_place, src, line_length, fast
+            executor, format_file_in_place, src, line_length, fast, write_back

         )
         for src in sources
     }
         )
         for src in sources
     }


@@ -135,44 +190,66 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
     return report.return_code
 
 
     return report.return_code
 
 

-def format_file_in_place(src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool) -> bool:
+def format_file_in_place(
+    src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: bool = False
+) -> bool:

     """Format the file and rewrite if changed. Return True if changed."""
     """Format the file and rewrite if changed. Return True if changed."""

+    with tokenize.open(src) as src_buffer:
+        src_contents = src_buffer.read()

     try:
     try:

-        contents, encoding = format_file(src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+        contents = format_file_contents(
+            src_contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast
+        )

     except NothingChanged:
         return False
 
     except NothingChanged:
         return False
 

-    with open(src, "w", encoding=encoding) as f:
-        f.write(contents)
+    if write_back:
+        with open(src, "w", encoding=src_buffer.encoding) as f:
+            f.write(contents)

     return True
 
 
     return True
 
 

-def format_file(
-    src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool
-) -> Tuple[FileContent, Encoding]:
+def format_stdin_to_stdout(
+    line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: bool = False
+) -> bool:
+    """Format file on stdin and pipe output to stdout. Return True if changed."""
+    contents = sys.stdin.read()
+    try:
+        contents = format_file_contents(contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+        return True
+
+    except NothingChanged:
+        return False
+
+    finally:
+        if write_back:
+            sys.stdout.write(contents)
+
+
+def format_file_contents(
+    src_contents: str, line_length: int, fast: bool
+) -> FileContent:

     """Reformats a file and returns its contents and encoding."""
     """Reformats a file and returns its contents and encoding."""

-    with tokenize.open(src) as src_buffer:
-        src_contents = src_buffer.read()

     if src_contents.strip() == '':
     if src_contents.strip() == '':

-        raise NothingChanged(src)
+        raise NothingChanged

 
     dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length)
     if src_contents == dst_contents:
 
     dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length)
     if src_contents == dst_contents:

-        raise NothingChanged(src)
+        raise NothingChanged

 
     if not fast:
         assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents)
         assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length)
 
     if not fast:
         assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents)
         assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length)

-    return dst_contents, src_buffer.encoding
+    return dst_contents

 
 
 def format_str(src_contents: str, line_length: int) -> FileContent:
     """Reformats a string and returns new contents."""
     src_node = lib2to3_parse(src_contents)
     dst_contents = ""
 
 
 def format_str(src_contents: str, line_length: int) -> FileContent:
     """Reformats a string and returns new contents."""
     src_node = lib2to3_parse(src_contents)
     dst_contents = ""

-    comments: List[Line] = []

     lines = LineGenerator()
     elt = EmptyLineTracker()
     lines = LineGenerator()
     elt = EmptyLineTracker()

+    py36 = is_python36(src_node)

     empty_line = Line()
     after = 0
     for current_line in lines.visit(src_node):
     empty_line = Line()
     after = 0
     for current_line in lines.visit(src_node):


@@ -181,36 +258,41 @@ def format_str(src_contents: str, line_length: int) -> FileContent:
         before, after = elt.maybe_empty_lines(current_line)
         for _ in range(before):
             dst_contents += str(empty_line)
         before, after = elt.maybe_empty_lines(current_line)
         for _ in range(before):
             dst_contents += str(empty_line)

-        if not current_line.is_comment:
-            for comment in comments:
-                dst_contents += str(comment)
-            comments = []
-            for line in split_line(current_line, line_length=line_length):
-                dst_contents += str(line)
-        else:
-            comments.append(current_line)
-    for comment in comments:
-        dst_contents += str(comment)
+        for line in split_line(current_line, line_length=line_length, py36=py36):
+            dst_contents += str(line)

     return dst_contents
 
 
     return dst_contents
 
 

+GRAMMARS = [
+    pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement_no_exec_statement,
+    pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement,
+    pygram.python_grammar_no_exec_statement,
+    pygram.python_grammar,
+]
+
+

 def lib2to3_parse(src_txt: str) -> Node:
     """Given a string with source, return the lib2to3 Node."""
     grammar = pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement
 def lib2to3_parse(src_txt: str) -> Node:
     """Given a string with source, return the lib2to3 Node."""
     grammar = pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement

-    drv = driver.Driver(grammar, pytree.convert)

     if src_txt[-1] != '\n':
         nl = '\r\n' if '\r\n' in src_txt[:1024] else '\n'
         src_txt += nl
     if src_txt[-1] != '\n':
         nl = '\r\n' if '\r\n' in src_txt[:1024] else '\n'
         src_txt += nl

-    try:
-        result = drv.parse_string(src_txt, True)
-    except ParseError as pe:
-        lineno, column = pe.context[1]
-        lines = src_txt.splitlines()
+    for grammar in GRAMMARS:
+        drv = driver.Driver(grammar, pytree.convert)

         try:
         try:

-            faulty_line = lines[lineno - 1]
-        except IndexError:
-            faulty_line = "<line number missing in source>"
-        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse: {lineno}:{column}: {faulty_line}") from None
+            result = drv.parse_string(src_txt, True)
+            break
+
+        except ParseError as pe:
+            lineno, column = pe.context[1]
+            lines = src_txt.splitlines()
+            try:
+                faulty_line = lines[lineno - 1]
+            except IndexError:
+                faulty_line = "<line number missing in source>"
+            exc = ValueError(f"Cannot parse: {lineno}:{column}: {faulty_line}")
+    else:
+        raise exc from None

 
     if isinstance(result, Leaf):
         result = Node(syms.file_input, [result])
 
     if isinstance(result, Leaf):
         result = Node(syms.file_input, [result])


@@ -244,7 +326,7 @@ class Visitor(Generic[T]):
 
 @dataclass
 class DebugVisitor(Visitor[T]):
 
 @dataclass
 class DebugVisitor(Visitor[T]):

-    tree_depth: int = attrib(default=0)
+    tree_depth: int = 0

 
     def visit_default(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[T]:
         indent = ' ' * (2 * self.tree_depth)
 
     def visit_default(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[T]:
         indent = ' ' * (2 * self.tree_depth)


@@ -266,6 +348,15 @@ class DebugVisitor(Visitor[T]):
                 out(f' {node.prefix!r}', fg='green', bold=False, nl=False)
             out(f' {node.value!r}', fg='blue', bold=False)
 
                 out(f' {node.prefix!r}', fg='green', bold=False, nl=False)
             out(f' {node.value!r}', fg='blue', bold=False)
 

+    @classmethod
+    def show(cls, code: str) -> None:
+        """Pretty-prints a given string of `code`.
+
+        Convenience method for debugging.
+        """
+        v: DebugVisitor[None] = DebugVisitor()
+        list(v.visit(lib2to3_parse(code)))
+

 
 KEYWORDS = set(keyword.kwlist)
 WHITESPACE = {token.DEDENT, token.INDENT, token.NEWLINE}
 
 KEYWORDS = set(keyword.kwlist)
 WHITESPACE = {token.DEDENT, token.INDENT, token.NEWLINE}


@@ -299,6 +390,7 @@ MATH_OPERATORS = {
     token.AMPER,
     token.PERCENT,
     token.CIRCUMFLEX,
     token.AMPER,
     token.PERCENT,
     token.CIRCUMFLEX,

+    token.TILDE,

     token.LEFTSHIFT,
     token.RIGHTSHIFT,
     token.DOUBLESTAR,
     token.LEFTSHIFT,
     token.RIGHTSHIFT,
     token.DOUBLESTAR,


@@ -314,10 +406,10 @@ MATH_PRIORITY = 1
 
 @dataclass
 class BracketTracker:
 
 @dataclass
 class BracketTracker:

-    depth: int = attrib(default=0)
-    bracket_match: Dict[Tuple[Depth, NodeType], Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(dict))
-    delimiters: Dict[LeafID, Priority] = attrib(default=Factory(dict))
-    previous: Optional[Leaf] = attrib(default=None)
+    depth: int = 0
+    bracket_match: Dict[Tuple[Depth, NodeType], Leaf] = Factory(dict)
+    delimiters: Dict[LeafID, Priority] = Factory(dict)
+    previous: Optional[Leaf] = None

 
     def mark(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None:
         if leaf.type == token.COMMENT:
 
     def mark(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None:
         if leaf.type == token.COMMENT:


@@ -326,8 +418,8 @@ class BracketTracker:
         if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
             self.depth -= 1
             opening_bracket = self.bracket_match.pop((self.depth, leaf.type))
         if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
             self.depth -= 1
             opening_bracket = self.bracket_match.pop((self.depth, leaf.type))

-            leaf.opening_bracket = opening_bracket  # type: ignore
-        leaf.bracket_depth = self.depth  # type: ignore
+            leaf.opening_bracket = opening_bracket
+        leaf.bracket_depth = self.depth

         if self.depth == 0:
             delim = is_delimiter(leaf)
             if delim:
         if self.depth == 0:
             delim = is_delimiter(leaf)
             if delim:


@@ -336,19 +428,25 @@ class BracketTracker:
                 if leaf.type == token.STRING and self.previous.type == token.STRING:
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = STRING_PRIORITY
                 elif (
                 if leaf.type == token.STRING and self.previous.type == token.STRING:
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = STRING_PRIORITY
                 elif (

-                    leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                    leaf.value == 'for' and
-                    leaf.parent and
-                    leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_for, syms.old_comp_for}
+                    leaf.type == token.NAME
+                    and leaf.value == 'for'
+                    and leaf.parent
+                    and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_for, syms.old_comp_for}

                 ):
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
                 elif (
                 ):
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
                 elif (

-                    leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                    leaf.value == 'if' and
-                    leaf.parent and
-                    leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_if, syms.old_comp_if}
+                    leaf.type == token.NAME
+                    and leaf.value == 'if'
+                    and leaf.parent
+                    and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_if, syms.old_comp_if}

                 ):
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
                 ):
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY

+                elif (
+                    leaf.type == token.NAME
+                    and leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS
+                    and leaf.parent
+                ):
+                    self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = LOGIC_PRIORITY

         if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
             self.bracket_match[self.depth, BRACKET[leaf.type]] = leaf
             self.depth += 1
         if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
             self.bracket_match[self.depth, BRACKET[leaf.type]] = leaf
             self.depth += 1


@@ -358,7 +456,7 @@ class BracketTracker:
         """Returns True if there is an yet unmatched open bracket on the line."""
         return bool(self.bracket_match)
 
         """Returns True if there is an yet unmatched open bracket on the line."""
         return bool(self.bracket_match)
 

-    def max_priority(self, exclude: Iterable[LeafID] =()) -> int:
+    def max_priority(self, exclude: Iterable[LeafID] = ()) -> int:

         """Returns the highest priority of a delimiter found on the line.
 
         Values are consistent with what `is_delimiter()` returns.
         """Returns the highest priority of a delimiter found on the line.
 
         Values are consistent with what `is_delimiter()` returns.


@@ -368,11 +466,13 @@ class BracketTracker:
 
 @dataclass
 class Line:
 
 @dataclass
 class Line:

-    depth: int = attrib(default=0)
-    leaves: List[Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(list))
-    comments: Dict[LeafID, Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(dict))
-    bracket_tracker: BracketTracker = attrib(default=Factory(BracketTracker))
-    inside_brackets: bool = attrib(default=False)
+    depth: int = 0
+    leaves: List[Leaf] = Factory(list)
+    comments: Dict[LeafID, Leaf] = Factory(dict)
+    bracket_tracker: BracketTracker = Factory(BracketTracker)
+    inside_brackets: bool = False
+    has_for: bool = False
+    _for_loop_variable: bool = False

 
     def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
         has_value = leaf.value.strip()
 
     def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
         has_value = leaf.value.strip()


@@ -384,8 +484,10 @@ class Line:
             # imports, for which we only preserve newlines.
             leaf.prefix += whitespace(leaf)
         if self.inside_brackets or not preformatted:
             # imports, for which we only preserve newlines.
             leaf.prefix += whitespace(leaf)
         if self.inside_brackets or not preformatted:

+            self.maybe_decrement_after_for_loop_variable(leaf)

             self.bracket_tracker.mark(leaf)
             self.maybe_remove_trailing_comma(leaf)
             self.bracket_tracker.mark(leaf)
             self.maybe_remove_trailing_comma(leaf)

+            self.maybe_increment_for_loop_variable(leaf)

             if self.maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(leaf):
                 return
 
             if self.maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(leaf):
                 return
 


@@ -407,9 +509,9 @@ class Line:
     @property
     def is_class(self) -> bool:
         return (
     @property
     def is_class(self) -> bool:
         return (

-            bool(self) and
-            self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME and
-            self.leaves[0].value == 'class'
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
+            and self.leaves[0].value == 'class'

         )
 
     @property
         )
 
     @property


@@ -425,50 +527,55 @@ class Line:
         except IndexError:
             second_leaf = None
         return (
         except IndexError:
             second_leaf = None
         return (

-            (first_leaf.type == token.NAME and first_leaf.value == 'def') or
-            (
-                first_leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                first_leaf.value == 'async' and
-                second_leaf is not None and
-                second_leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                second_leaf.value == 'def'
+            (first_leaf.type == token.NAME and first_leaf.value == 'def')
+            or (
+                first_leaf.type == token.ASYNC
+                and second_leaf is not None
+                and second_leaf.type == token.NAME
+                and second_leaf.value == 'def'

             )
         )
 
     @property
     def is_flow_control(self) -> bool:
         return (
             )
         )
 
     @property
     def is_flow_control(self) -> bool:
         return (

-            bool(self) and
-            self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME and
-            self.leaves[0].value in FLOW_CONTROL
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
+            and self.leaves[0].value in FLOW_CONTROL

         )
 
     @property
     def is_yield(self) -> bool:
         return (
         )
 
     @property
     def is_yield(self) -> bool:
         return (

-            bool(self) and
-            self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME and
-            self.leaves[0].value == 'yield'
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
+            and self.leaves[0].value == 'yield'

         )
 
     def maybe_remove_trailing_comma(self, closing: Leaf) -> bool:
         if not (
         )
 
     def maybe_remove_trailing_comma(self, closing: Leaf) -> bool:
         if not (

-            self.leaves and
-            self.leaves[-1].type == token.COMMA and
-            closing.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
+            self.leaves
+            and self.leaves[-1].type == token.COMMA
+            and closing.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS

         ):
             return False
 
         ):
             return False
 

-        if closing.type == token.RSQB or closing.type == token.RBRACE:
+        if closing.type == token.RBRACE:

             self.leaves.pop()
             return True
 
             self.leaves.pop()
             return True
 

+        if closing.type == token.RSQB:
+            comma = self.leaves[-1]
+            if comma.parent and comma.parent.type == syms.listmaker:
+                self.leaves.pop()
+                return True
+

         # For parens let's check if it's safe to remove the comma.  If the
         # trailing one is the only one, we might mistakenly change a tuple
         # into a different type by removing the comma.
         # For parens let's check if it's safe to remove the comma.  If the
         # trailing one is the only one, we might mistakenly change a tuple
         # into a different type by removing the comma.

-        depth = closing.bracket_depth + 1  # type: ignore
+        depth = closing.bracket_depth + 1

         commas = 0
         commas = 0

-        opening = closing.opening_bracket  # type: ignore
+        opening = closing.opening_bracket

         for _opening_index, leaf in enumerate(self.leaves):
             if leaf is opening:
                 break
         for _opening_index, leaf in enumerate(self.leaves):
             if leaf is opening:
                 break


@@ -480,15 +587,42 @@ class Line:
             if leaf is closing:
                 break
 
             if leaf is closing:
                 break
 

-            bracket_depth = leaf.bracket_depth  # type: ignore
+            bracket_depth = leaf.bracket_depth

             if bracket_depth == depth and leaf.type == token.COMMA:
                 commas += 1
             if bracket_depth == depth and leaf.type == token.COMMA:
                 commas += 1

+                if leaf.parent and leaf.parent.type == syms.arglist:
+                    commas += 1
+                    break
+

         if commas > 1:
             self.leaves.pop()
             return True
 
         return False
 
         if commas > 1:
             self.leaves.pop()
             return True
 
         return False
 

+    def maybe_increment_for_loop_variable(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+        """In a for loop, or comprehension, the variables are often unpacks.
+
+        To avoid splitting on the comma in this situation, we will increase
+        the depth of tokens between `for` and `in`.
+        """
+        if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == 'for':
+            self.has_for = True
+            self.bracket_tracker.depth += 1
+            self._for_loop_variable = True
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def maybe_decrement_after_for_loop_variable(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+        # See `maybe_increment_for_loop_variable` above for explanation.
+        if self._for_loop_variable and leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == 'in':
+            self.bracket_tracker.depth -= 1
+            self._for_loop_variable = False
+            return True
+
+        return False
+

     def maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
         """Hack a standalone comment to act as a trailing comment for line splitting.
 
     def maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
         """Hack a standalone comment to act as a trailing comment for line splitting.
 


@@ -499,8 +633,8 @@ class Line:
         appended will appear "too long" when splitting.
         """
         if not (
         appended will appear "too long" when splitting.
         """
         if not (

-            comment.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT and
-            self.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets()
+            comment.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT
+            and self.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets()

         ):
             return False
 
         ):
             return False
 


@@ -552,16 +686,55 @@ class Line:
         return bool(self.leaves or self.comments)
 
 
         return bool(self.leaves or self.comments)
 
 

+class UnformattedLines(Line):
+
+    def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
+        try:
+            list(generate_comments(leaf))
+        except FormatOn as f_on:
+            self.leaves.append(f_on.leaf_from_consumed(leaf))
+            raise
+
+        self.leaves.append(leaf)
+        if leaf.type == token.INDENT:
+            self.depth += 1
+        elif leaf.type == token.DEDENT:
+            self.depth -= 1
+
+    def append_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Unformatted lines don't store comments separately.")
+
+    def maybe_remove_trailing_comma(self, closing: Leaf) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def maybe_increment_for_loop_variable(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if not self:
+            return '\n'
+
+        res = ''
+        for leaf in self.leaves:
+            res += str(leaf)
+        return res
+
+

 @dataclass
 class EmptyLineTracker:
     """Provides a stateful method that returns the number of potential extra
     empty lines needed before and after the currently processed line.
 
 @dataclass
 class EmptyLineTracker:
     """Provides a stateful method that returns the number of potential extra
     empty lines needed before and after the currently processed line.
 

-    Note: this tracker works on lines that haven't been split yet.
+    Note: this tracker works on lines that haven't been split yet.  It assumes
+    the prefix of the first leaf consists of optional newlines.  Those newlines
+    are consumed by `maybe_empty_lines()` and included in the computation.

     """
     """

-    previous_line: Optional[Line] = attrib(default=None)
-    previous_after: int = attrib(default=0)
-    previous_defs: List[int] = attrib(default=Factory(list))
+    previous_line: Optional[Line] = None
+    previous_after: int = 0
+    previous_defs: List[int] = Factory(list)

 
     def maybe_empty_lines(self, current_line: Line) -> Tuple[int, int]:
         """Returns the number of extra empty lines before and after the `current_line`.
 
     def maybe_empty_lines(self, current_line: Line) -> Tuple[int, int]:
         """Returns the number of extra empty lines before and after the `current_line`.


@@ -570,17 +743,31 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
         (two on module-level), as well as providing an extra empty line after flow
         control keywords to make them more prominent.
         """
         (two on module-level), as well as providing an extra empty line after flow
         control keywords to make them more prominent.
         """

+        if isinstance(current_line, UnformattedLines):
+            return 0, 0
+

         before, after = self._maybe_empty_lines(current_line)
         before, after = self._maybe_empty_lines(current_line)

+        before -= self.previous_after

         self.previous_after = after
         self.previous_line = current_line
         return before, after
 
     def _maybe_empty_lines(self, current_line: Line) -> Tuple[int, int]:
         self.previous_after = after
         self.previous_line = current_line
         return before, after
 
     def _maybe_empty_lines(self, current_line: Line) -> Tuple[int, int]:

-        before = 0
+        max_allowed = 1
+        if current_line.is_comment and current_line.depth == 0:
+            max_allowed = 2
+        if current_line.leaves:
+            # Consume the first leaf's extra newlines.
+            first_leaf = current_line.leaves[0]
+            before = first_leaf.prefix.count('\n')
+            before = min(before, max(before, max_allowed))
+            first_leaf.prefix = ''
+        else:
+            before = 0

         depth = current_line.depth
         while self.previous_defs and self.previous_defs[-1] >= depth:
             self.previous_defs.pop()
         depth = current_line.depth
         while self.previous_defs and self.previous_defs[-1] >= depth:
             self.previous_defs.pop()

-            before = (1 if depth else 2) - self.previous_after
+            before = 1 if depth else 2

         is_decorator = current_line.is_decorator
         if is_decorator or current_line.is_def or current_line.is_class:
             if not is_decorator:
         is_decorator = current_line.is_decorator
         if is_decorator or current_line.is_def or current_line.is_class:
             if not is_decorator:


@@ -596,24 +783,23 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
             newlines = 2
             if current_line.depth:
                 newlines -= 1
             newlines = 2
             if current_line.depth:
                 newlines -= 1

-            newlines -= self.previous_after

             return newlines, 0
 
         if current_line.is_flow_control:
             return before, 1
 
         if (
             return newlines, 0
 
         if current_line.is_flow_control:
             return before, 1
 
         if (

-            self.previous_line and
-            self.previous_line.is_import and
-            not current_line.is_import and
-            depth == self.previous_line.depth
+            self.previous_line
+            and self.previous_line.is_import
+            and not current_line.is_import
+            and depth == self.previous_line.depth

         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
         if (
         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
         if (

-            self.previous_line and
-            self.previous_line.is_yield and
-            (not current_line.is_yield or depth != self.previous_line.depth)
+            self.previous_line
+            and self.previous_line.is_yield
+            and (not current_line.is_yield or depth != self.previous_line.depth)

         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 


@@ -627,10 +813,9 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     Note: destroys the tree it's visiting by mutating prefixes of its leaves
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """
     Note: destroys the tree it's visiting by mutating prefixes of its leaves
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """

-    current_line: Line = attrib(default=Factory(Line))
-    standalone_comments: List[Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(list))
+    current_line: Line = Factory(Line)

 
 

-    def line(self, indent: int = 0) -> Iterator[Line]:
+    def line(self, indent: int = 0, type: Type[Line] = Line) -> Iterator[Line]:

         """Generate a line.
 
         If the line is empty, only emit if it makes sense.
         """Generate a line.
 
         If the line is empty, only emit if it makes sense.


@@ -639,52 +824,68 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         If any lines were generated, set up a new current_line.
         """
         if not self.current_line:
         If any lines were generated, set up a new current_line.
         """
         if not self.current_line:

-            self.current_line.depth += indent
+            if self.current_line.__class__ == type:
+                self.current_line.depth += indent
+            else:
+                self.current_line = type(depth=self.current_line.depth + indent)

             return  # Line is empty, don't emit. Creating a new one unnecessary.
 
         complete_line = self.current_line
             return  # Line is empty, don't emit. Creating a new one unnecessary.
 
         complete_line = self.current_line

-        self.current_line = Line(depth=complete_line.depth + indent)
+        self.current_line = type(depth=complete_line.depth + indent)

         yield complete_line
 
         yield complete_line
 

+    def visit(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        """High-level entry point to the visitor."""
+        if isinstance(self.current_line, UnformattedLines):
+            # File contained `# fmt: off`
+            yield from self.visit_unformatted(node)
+
+        else:
+            yield from super().visit(node)
+

     def visit_default(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
         if isinstance(node, Leaf):
     def visit_default(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
         if isinstance(node, Leaf):

-            for comment in generate_comments(node):
-                if self.current_line.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets():
-                    # any comment within brackets is subject to splitting
-                    self.current_line.append(comment)
-                elif comment.type == token.COMMENT:
-                    # regular trailing comment
-                    self.current_line.append(comment)
-                    yield from self.line()
-
-                else:
-                    # regular standalone comment, to be processed later (see
-                    # docstring in `generate_comments()`
-                    self.standalone_comments.append(comment)
-            normalize_prefix(node)
-            if node.type not in WHITESPACE:
-                for comment in self.standalone_comments:
-                    yield from self.line()
-
-                    self.current_line.append(comment)
-                    yield from self.line()
-
-                self.standalone_comments = []
-                self.current_line.append(node)
+            any_open_brackets = self.current_line.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets()
+            try:
+                for comment in generate_comments(node):
+                    if any_open_brackets:
+                        # any comment within brackets is subject to splitting
+                        self.current_line.append(comment)
+                    elif comment.type == token.COMMENT:
+                        # regular trailing comment
+                        self.current_line.append(comment)
+                        yield from self.line()
+
+                    else:
+                        # regular standalone comment
+                        yield from self.line()
+
+                        self.current_line.append(comment)
+                        yield from self.line()
+
+            except FormatOff as f_off:
+                f_off.trim_prefix(node)
+                yield from self.line(type=UnformattedLines)
+                yield from self.visit(node)
+
+            except FormatOn as f_on:
+                # This only happens here if somebody says "fmt: on" multiple
+                # times in a row.
+                f_on.trim_prefix(node)
+                yield from self.visit_default(node)
+
+            else:
+                normalize_prefix(node, inside_brackets=any_open_brackets)
+                if node.type not in WHITESPACE:
+                    self.current_line.append(node)

         yield from super().visit_default(node)
 
         yield from super().visit_default(node)
 

-    def visit_suite(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
-        """Body of a statement after a colon."""
-        children = iter(node.children)
-        # Process newline before indenting.  It might contain an inline
-        # comment that should go right after the colon.
-        newline = next(children)
-        yield from self.visit(newline)
+    def visit_INDENT(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:

         yield from self.line(+1)
         yield from self.line(+1)

+        yield from self.visit_default(node)

 
 

-        for child in children:
-            yield from self.visit(child)
-
+    def visit_DEDENT(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        # DEDENT has no value. Additionally, in blib2to3 it never holds comments.

         yield from self.line(-1)
 
     def visit_stmt(self, node: Node, keywords: Set[str]) -> Iterator[Line]:
         yield from self.line(-1)
 
     def visit_stmt(self, node: Node, keywords: Set[str]) -> Iterator[Line]:


@@ -718,7 +919,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         for child in children:
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
         for child in children:
             yield from self.visit(child)
 

-            if child.type == token.NAME and child.value == 'async':  # type: ignore
+            if child.type == token.ASYNC:

                 break
 
         internal_stmt = next(children)
                 break
 
         internal_stmt = next(children)


@@ -737,6 +938,19 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         yield from self.visit_default(leaf)
         yield from self.line()
 
         yield from self.visit_default(leaf)
         yield from self.line()
 

+    def visit_unformatted(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        if isinstance(node, Node):
+            for child in node.children:
+                yield from self.visit(child)
+
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.current_line.append(node)
+            except FormatOn as f_on:
+                f_on.trim_prefix(node)
+                yield from self.line()
+                yield from self.visit(node)
+

     def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
         """You are in a twisty little maze of passages."""
         v = self.visit_stmt
     def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
         """You are in a twisty little maze of passages."""
         v = self.visit_stmt


@@ -756,9 +970,10 @@ BRACKET = {token.LPAR: token.RPAR, token.LSQB: token.RSQB, token.LBRACE: token.R
 OPENING_BRACKETS = set(BRACKET.keys())
 CLOSING_BRACKETS = set(BRACKET.values())
 BRACKETS = OPENING_BRACKETS | CLOSING_BRACKETS
 OPENING_BRACKETS = set(BRACKET.keys())
 CLOSING_BRACKETS = set(BRACKET.values())
 BRACKETS = OPENING_BRACKETS | CLOSING_BRACKETS

+ALWAYS_NO_SPACE = CLOSING_BRACKETS | {token.COMMA, STANDALONE_COMMENT}

 
 
 
 

-def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
+def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:  # noqa C901

     """Return whitespace prefix if needed for the given `leaf`."""
     NO = ''
     SPACE = ' '
     """Return whitespace prefix if needed for the given `leaf`."""
     NO = ''
     SPACE = ' '


@@ -766,55 +981,71 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
     t = leaf.type
     p = leaf.parent
     v = leaf.value
     t = leaf.type
     p = leaf.parent
     v = leaf.value

-    if t == token.COLON:
-        return NO
-
-    if t == token.COMMA:
-        return NO
-
-    if t == token.RPAR:
+    if t in ALWAYS_NO_SPACE:

         return NO
 
     if t == token.COMMENT:
         return DOUBLESPACE
 
         return NO
 
     if t == token.COMMENT:
         return DOUBLESPACE
 

-    if t == STANDALONE_COMMENT:
-        return NO
-
-    if t in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
+    assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}"
+    if t == token.COLON and p.type not in {syms.subscript, syms.subscriptlist}:

         return NO
 
         return NO
 

-    assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}"

     prev = leaf.prev_sibling
     if not prev:
         prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
         if not prevp or prevp.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
             return NO
 
     prev = leaf.prev_sibling
     if not prev:
         prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
         if not prevp or prevp.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
             return NO
 

+        if t == token.COLON:
+            return SPACE if prevp.type == token.COMMA else NO
+

         if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:
         if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:

-            if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {
-                syms.typedargslist,
-                syms.varargslist,
-                syms.parameters,
-                syms.arglist,
-                syms.argument,
-            }:
-                return NO
+            if prevp.parent:
+                if prevp.parent.type in {
+                    syms.arglist, syms.argument, syms.parameters, syms.varargslist
+                }:
+                    return NO
+
+                elif prevp.parent.type == syms.typedargslist:
+                    # A bit hacky: if the equal sign has whitespace, it means we
+                    # previously found it's a typed argument.  So, we're using
+                    # that, too.
+                    return prevp.prefix

 
         elif prevp.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
             if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {
 
         elif prevp.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
             if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {

-                syms.typedargslist,
-                syms.varargslist,
-                syms.parameters,

                 syms.arglist,
                 syms.arglist,

+                syms.argument,

                 syms.dictsetmaker,
                 syms.dictsetmaker,

+                syms.parameters,
+                syms.typedargslist,
+                syms.varargslist,

             }:
                 return NO
 
         elif prevp.type == token.COLON:
             }:
                 return NO
 
         elif prevp.type == token.COLON:

-            if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type == syms.subscript:
+            if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {syms.subscript, syms.sliceop}:

                 return NO
 
                 return NO
 

+        elif (
+            prevp.parent
+            and prevp.parent.type in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}
+            and prevp.type in MATH_OPERATORS
+        ):
+            return NO
+
+        elif (
+            prevp.type == token.RIGHTSHIFT
+            and prevp.parent
+            and prevp.parent.type == syms.shift_expr
+            and prevp.prev_sibling
+            and prevp.prev_sibling.type == token.NAME
+            and prevp.prev_sibling.value == 'print'  # type: ignore
+        ):
+            # Python 2 print chevron
+            return NO
+

     elif prev.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
         return NO
 
     elif prev.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
         return NO
 


@@ -826,7 +1057,7 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
         if not prev or prev.type != token.COMMA:
             return NO
 
         if not prev or prev.type != token.COMMA:
             return NO
 

-    if p.type == syms.varargslist:
+    elif p.type == syms.varargslist:

         # lambdas
         if t == token.RPAR:
             return NO
         # lambdas
         if t == token.RPAR:
             return NO


@@ -909,7 +1140,14 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
 
     elif p.type == syms.subscript:
         # indexing
 
     elif p.type == syms.subscript:
         # indexing

-        if not prev or prev.type == token.COLON:
+        if not prev:
+            assert p.parent is not None, "subscripts are always parented"
+            if p.parent.type == syms.subscriptlist:
+                return SPACE
+
+            return NO
+
+        else:

             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.atom:
             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.atom:


@@ -918,9 +1156,9 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
             return NO
 
     elif (
             return NO
 
     elif (

-        p.type == syms.listmaker or
-        p.type == syms.testlist_gexp or
-        p.type == syms.subscriptlist
+        p.type == syms.listmaker
+        or p.type == syms.testlist_gexp
+        or p.type == syms.subscriptlist

     ):
         # list interior, including unpacking
         if not prev:
     ):
         # list interior, including unpacking
         if not prev:


@@ -934,7 +1172,7 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
         if prev.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
             return NO
 
         if prev.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
             return NO
 

-    elif p.type == syms.factor or p.type == syms.star_expr:
+    elif p.type in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}:

         # unary ops
         if not prev:
             prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
         # unary ops
         if not prev:
             prevp = preceding_leaf(p)


@@ -998,16 +1236,13 @@ def is_delimiter(leaf: Leaf) -> int:
     if leaf.type == token.COMMA:
         return COMMA_PRIORITY
 
     if leaf.type == token.COMMA:
         return COMMA_PRIORITY
 

-    if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS:
-        return LOGIC_PRIORITY
-

     if leaf.type in COMPARATORS:
         return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY
 
     if (
     if leaf.type in COMPARATORS:
         return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY
 
     if (

-        leaf.type in MATH_OPERATORS and
-        leaf.parent and
-        leaf.parent.type not in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}
+        leaf.type in MATH_OPERATORS
+        and leaf.parent
+        and leaf.parent.type not in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}

     ):
         return MATH_PRIORITY
 
     ):
         return MATH_PRIORITY
 


@@ -1033,40 +1268,68 @@ def generate_comments(leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Leaf]:
     Inline comments are emitted as regular token.COMMENT leaves.  Standalone
     are emitted with a fake STANDALONE_COMMENT token identifier.
     """
     Inline comments are emitted as regular token.COMMENT leaves.  Standalone
     are emitted with a fake STANDALONE_COMMENT token identifier.
     """

-    if not leaf.prefix:
-        return
-
-    if '#' not in leaf.prefix:
+    p = leaf.prefix
+    if not p:

         return
 
         return
 

-    before_comment, content = leaf.prefix.split('#', 1)
-    content = content.rstrip()
-    if content and (content[0] not in {' ', '!', '#'}):
-        content = ' ' + content
-    is_standalone_comment = (
-        '\n' in before_comment or '\n' in content or leaf.type == token.DEDENT
-    )
-    if not is_standalone_comment:
-        # simple trailing comment
-        yield Leaf(token.COMMENT, value='#' + content)
+    if '#' not in p:

         return
 
         return
 

-    for line in ('#' + content).split('\n'):
+    consumed = 0
+    nlines = 0
+    for index, line in enumerate(p.split('\n')):
+        consumed += len(line) + 1  # adding the length of the split '\n'

         line = line.lstrip()
         line = line.lstrip()

+        if not line:
+            nlines += 1

         if not line.startswith('#'):
             continue
 
         if not line.startswith('#'):
             continue
 

-        yield Leaf(STANDALONE_COMMENT, line)
+        if index == 0 and leaf.type != token.ENDMARKER:
+            comment_type = token.COMMENT  # simple trailing comment
+        else:
+            comment_type = STANDALONE_COMMENT
+        comment = make_comment(line)
+        yield Leaf(comment_type, comment, prefix='\n' * nlines)
+
+        if comment in {'# fmt: on', '# yapf: enable'}:
+            raise FormatOn(consumed)

 
 

+        if comment in {'# fmt: off', '# yapf: disable'}:
+            raise FormatOff(consumed)

 
 

-def split_line(line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        nlines = 0
+
+
+def make_comment(content: str) -> str:
+    content = content.rstrip()
+    if not content:
+        return '#'
+
+    if content[0] == '#':
+        content = content[1:]
+    if content and content[0] not in ' !:#':
+        content = ' ' + content
+    return '#' + content
+
+
+def split_line(
+    line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False, py36: bool = False
+) -> Iterator[Line]:

     """Splits a `line` into potentially many lines.
 
     They should fit in the allotted `line_length` but might not be able to.
     `inner` signifies that there were a pair of brackets somewhere around the
     current `line`, possibly transitively. This means we can fallback to splitting
     by delimiters if the LHS/RHS don't yield any results.
     """Splits a `line` into potentially many lines.
 
     They should fit in the allotted `line_length` but might not be able to.
     `inner` signifies that there were a pair of brackets somewhere around the
     current `line`, possibly transitively. This means we can fallback to splitting
     by delimiters if the LHS/RHS don't yield any results.

+
+    If `py36` is True, splitting may generate syntax that is only compatible
+    with Python 3.6 and later.

     """
     """

+    if isinstance(line, UnformattedLines):
+        yield line
+        return
+

     line_str = str(line).strip('\n')
     if len(line_str) <= line_length and '\n' not in line_str:
         yield line
     line_str = str(line).strip('\n')
     if len(line_str) <= line_length and '\n' not in line_str:
         yield line


@@ -1088,11 +1351,13 @@ def split_line(line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False) -> Iterator[Li
         # split altogether.
         result: List[Line] = []
         try:
         # split altogether.
         result: List[Line] = []
         try:

-            for l in split_func(line):
+            for l in split_func(line, py36=py36):

                 if str(l).strip('\n') == line_str:
                     raise CannotSplit("Split function returned an unchanged result")
 
                 if str(l).strip('\n') == line_str:
                     raise CannotSplit("Split function returned an unchanged result")
 

-                result.extend(split_line(l, line_length=line_length, inner=True))
+                result.extend(
+                    split_line(l, line_length=line_length, inner=True, py36=py36)
+                )

         except CannotSplit as cs:
             continue
 
         except CannotSplit as cs:
             continue
 


@@ -1104,7 +1369,7 @@ def split_line(line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False) -> Iterator[Li
         yield line
 
 
         yield line
 
 

-def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def left_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:

     """Split line into many lines, starting with the first matching bracket pair.
 
     Note: this usually looks weird, only use this for function definitions.
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the first matching bracket pair.
 
     Note: this usually looks weird, only use this for function definitions.


@@ -1120,11 +1385,11 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
     matching_bracket = None
     for leaf in line.leaves:
         if (
     matching_bracket = None
     for leaf in line.leaves:
         if (

-            current_leaves is body_leaves and
-            leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS and
-            leaf.opening_bracket is matching_bracket  # type: ignore
+            current_leaves is body_leaves
+            and leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
+            and leaf.opening_bracket is matching_bracket

         ):
         ):

-            current_leaves = tail_leaves
+            current_leaves = tail_leaves if body_leaves else head_leaves

         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is head_leaves:
             if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is head_leaves:
             if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:


@@ -1132,7 +1397,7 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
                 current_leaves = body_leaves
     # Since body is a new indent level, remove spurious leading whitespace.
     if body_leaves:
                 current_leaves = body_leaves
     # Since body is a new indent level, remove spurious leading whitespace.
     if body_leaves:

-        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0])
+        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)

     # Build the new lines.
     for result, leaves in (
         (head, head_leaves), (body, body_leaves), (tail, tail_leaves)
     # Build the new lines.
     for result, leaves in (
         (head, head_leaves), (body, body_leaves), (tail, tail_leaves)


@@ -1142,24 +1407,13 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
             comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
             if comment_after:
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
             comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
             if comment_after:
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)

-    # Check if the split succeeded.
-    tail_len = len(str(tail))
-    if not body:
-        if tail_len == 0:
-            raise CannotSplit("Splitting brackets produced the same line")
-
-        elif tail_len < 3:
-            raise CannotSplit(
-                f"Splitting brackets on an empty body to save "
-                f"{tail_len} characters is not worth it"
-            )
-
+    split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)

     for result in (head, body, tail):
         if result:
             yield result
 
 
     for result in (head, body, tail):
         if result:
             yield result
 
 

-def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def right_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:

     """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair."""
     head = Line(depth=line.depth)
     body = Line(depth=line.depth + 1, inside_brackets=True)
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair."""
     head = Line(depth=line.depth)
     body = Line(depth=line.depth + 1, inside_brackets=True)


@@ -1172,18 +1426,18 @@ def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
     for leaf in reversed(line.leaves):
         if current_leaves is body_leaves:
             if leaf is opening_bracket:
     for leaf in reversed(line.leaves):
         if current_leaves is body_leaves:
             if leaf is opening_bracket:

-                current_leaves = head_leaves
+                current_leaves = head_leaves if body_leaves else tail_leaves

         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is tail_leaves:
             if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is tail_leaves:
             if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:

-                opening_bracket = leaf.opening_bracket  # type: ignore
+                opening_bracket = leaf.opening_bracket

                 current_leaves = body_leaves
     tail_leaves.reverse()
     body_leaves.reverse()
     head_leaves.reverse()
     # Since body is a new indent level, remove spurious leading whitespace.
     if body_leaves:
                 current_leaves = body_leaves
     tail_leaves.reverse()
     body_leaves.reverse()
     head_leaves.reverse()
     # Since body is a new indent level, remove spurious leading whitespace.
     if body_leaves:

-        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0])
+        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)

     # Build the new lines.
     for result, leaves in (
         (head, head_leaves), (body, body_leaves), (tail, tail_leaves)
     # Build the new lines.
     for result, leaves in (
         (head, head_leaves), (body, body_leaves), (tail, tail_leaves)


@@ -1193,8 +1447,14 @@ def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
             comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
             if comment_after:
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
             comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
             if comment_after:
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)

-    # Check if the split succeeded.
-    tail_len = len(str(tail).strip('\n'))
+    split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
+    for result in (head, body, tail):
+        if result:
+            yield result
+
+
+def split_succeeded_or_raise(head: Line, body: Line, tail: Line) -> None:
+    tail_len = len(str(tail).strip())

     if not body:
         if tail_len == 0:
             raise CannotSplit("Splitting brackets produced the same line")
     if not body:
         if tail_len == 0:
             raise CannotSplit("Splitting brackets produced the same line")


@@ -1205,15 +1465,13 @@ def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
                 f"{tail_len} characters is not worth it"
             )
 
                 f"{tail_len} characters is not worth it"
             )
 

-    for result in (head, body, tail):
-        if result:
-            yield result
-

 
 

-def delimiter_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def delimiter_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:

     """Split according to delimiters of the highest priority.
 
     This kind of split doesn't increase indentation.
     """Split according to delimiters of the highest priority.
 
     This kind of split doesn't increase indentation.

+    If `py36` is True, the split will add trailing commas also in function
+    signatures that contain * and **.

     """
     try:
         last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]
     """
     try:
         last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]


@@ -1227,24 +1485,34 @@ def delimiter_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
         raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found")
 
     current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
         raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found")
 
     current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)

+    lowest_depth = sys.maxsize
+    trailing_comma_safe = True

     for leaf in line.leaves:
         current_line.append(leaf, preformatted=True)
         comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
         if comment_after:
             current_line.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
     for leaf in line.leaves:
         current_line.append(leaf, preformatted=True)
         comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
         if comment_after:
             current_line.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)

+        lowest_depth = min(lowest_depth, leaf.bracket_depth)
+        if (
+            leaf.bracket_depth == lowest_depth
+            and leaf.type == token.STAR
+            or leaf.type == token.DOUBLESTAR
+        ):
+            trailing_comma_safe = trailing_comma_safe and py36

         leaf_priority = delimiters.get(id(leaf))
         if leaf_priority == delimiter_priority:
         leaf_priority = delimiters.get(id(leaf))
         if leaf_priority == delimiter_priority:

-            normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0])
+            normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)

             yield current_line
 
             current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
     if current_line:
         if (
             yield current_line
 
             current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
     if current_line:
         if (

-            delimiter_priority == COMMA_PRIORITY and
-            current_line.leaves[-1].type != token.COMMA
+            delimiter_priority == COMMA_PRIORITY
+            and current_line.leaves[-1].type != token.COMMA
+            and trailing_comma_safe

         ):
             current_line.append(Leaf(token.COMMA, ','))
         ):
             current_line.append(Leaf(token.COMMA, ','))

-        normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0])
+        normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)

         yield current_line
 
 
         yield current_line
 
 


@@ -1254,28 +1522,57 @@ def is_import(leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
     t = leaf.type
     v = leaf.value
     return bool(
     t = leaf.type
     v = leaf.value
     return bool(

-        t == token.NAME and
-        (
-            (v == 'import' and p and p.type == syms.import_name) or
-            (v == 'from' and p and p.type == syms.import_from)
+        t == token.NAME
+        and (
+            (v == 'import' and p and p.type == syms.import_name)
+            or (v == 'from' and p and p.type == syms.import_from)

         )
     )
 
 
         )
     )
 
 

-def normalize_prefix(leaf: Leaf) -> None:
-    """Leave existing extra newlines for imports.  Remove everything else."""
-    if is_import(leaf):
-        spl = leaf.prefix.split('#', 1)
-        nl_count = spl[0].count('\n')
-        if len(spl) > 1:
-            # Skip one newline since it was for a standalone comment.
-            nl_count -= 1
-        leaf.prefix = '\n' * nl_count
-        return
+def normalize_prefix(leaf: Leaf, *, inside_brackets: bool) -> None:
+    """Leave existing extra newlines if not `inside_brackets`.
+
+    Remove everything else.  Note: don't use backslashes for formatting or
+    you'll lose your voting rights.
+    """
+    if not inside_brackets:
+        spl = leaf.prefix.split('#')
+        if '\\' not in spl[0]:
+            nl_count = spl[-1].count('\n')
+            if len(spl) > 1:
+                nl_count -= 1
+            leaf.prefix = '\n' * nl_count
+            return

 
     leaf.prefix = ''
 
 
 
     leaf.prefix = ''
 
 

+def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool:
+    """Returns True if the current file is using Python 3.6+ features.
+
+    Currently looking for:
+    - f-strings; and
+    - trailing commas after * or ** in function signatures.
+    """
+    for n in node.pre_order():
+        if n.type == token.STRING:
+            value_head = n.value[:2]  # type: ignore
+            if value_head in {'f"', 'F"', "f'", "F'", 'rf', 'fr', 'RF', 'FR'}:
+                return True
+
+        elif (
+            n.type == syms.typedargslist
+            and n.children
+            and n.children[-1].type == token.COMMA
+        ):
+            for ch in n.children:
+                if ch.type == token.STAR or ch.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
+                    return True
+
+    return False
+
+

 PYTHON_EXTENSIONS = {'.py'}
 BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES = {
     'build', 'buck-out', 'dist', '_build', '.git', '.hg', '.mypy_cache', '.tox', '.venv'
 PYTHON_EXTENSIONS = {'.py'}
 BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES = {
     'build', 'buck-out', 'dist', '_build', '.git', '.hg', '.mypy_cache', '.tox', '.venv'


@@ -1297,14 +1594,16 @@ def gen_python_files_in_dir(path: Path) -> Iterator[Path]:
 @dataclass
 class Report:
     """Provides a reformatting counter."""
 @dataclass
 class Report:
     """Provides a reformatting counter."""

-    change_count: int = attrib(default=0)
-    same_count: int = attrib(default=0)
-    failure_count: int = attrib(default=0)
+    check: bool = False
+    change_count: int = 0
+    same_count: int = 0
+    failure_count: int = 0

 
     def done(self, src: Path, changed: bool) -> None:
         """Increment the counter for successful reformatting. Write out a message."""
         if changed:
 
     def done(self, src: Path, changed: bool) -> None:
         """Increment the counter for successful reformatting. Write out a message."""
         if changed:

-            out(f'reformatted {src}')
+            reformatted = 'would reformat' if self.check else 'reformatted'
+            out(f'{reformatted} {src}')

             self.change_count += 1
         else:
             out(f'{src} already well formatted, good job.', bold=False)
             self.change_count += 1
         else:
             out(f'{src} already well formatted, good job.', bold=False)


@@ -1318,28 +1617,42 @@ class Report:
     @property
     def return_code(self) -> int:
         """Which return code should the app use considering the current state."""
     @property
     def return_code(self) -> int:
         """Which return code should the app use considering the current state."""

-        return 1 if self.failure_count else 0
+        # According to http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html starting with
+        # 126 we have special returncodes reserved by the shell.
+        if self.failure_count:
+            return 123
+
+        elif self.change_count and self.check:
+            return 1
+
+        return 0

 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         """A color report of the current state.
 
         Use `click.unstyle` to remove colors.
         """
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         """A color report of the current state.
 
         Use `click.unstyle` to remove colors.
         """

+        if self.check:
+            reformatted = "would be reformatted"
+            unchanged = "would be left unchanged"
+            failed = "would fail to reformat"
+        else:
+            reformatted = "reformatted"
+            unchanged = "left unchanged"
+            failed = "failed to reformat"

         report = []
         if self.change_count:
             s = 's' if self.change_count > 1 else ''
             report.append(
         report = []
         if self.change_count:
             s = 's' if self.change_count > 1 else ''
             report.append(

-                click.style(f'{self.change_count} file{s} reformatted', bold=True)
+                click.style(f'{self.change_count} file{s} {reformatted}', bold=True)

             )
         if self.same_count:
             s = 's' if self.same_count > 1 else ''
             )
         if self.same_count:
             s = 's' if self.same_count > 1 else ''

-            report.append(f'{self.same_count} file{s} left unchanged')
+            report.append(f'{self.same_count} file{s} {unchanged}')

         if self.failure_count:
             s = 's' if self.failure_count > 1 else ''
             report.append(
         if self.failure_count:
             s = 's' if self.failure_count > 1 else ''
             report.append(

-                click.style(
-                    f'{self.failure_count} file{s} failed to reformat', fg='red'
-                )
+                click.style(f'{self.failure_count} file{s} {failed}', fg='red')

             )
         return ', '.join(report) + '.'
 
             )
         return ', '.join(report) + '.'
 


@@ -1381,7 +1694,12 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
     try:
         src_ast = ast.parse(src)
     except Exception as exc:
     try:
         src_ast = ast.parse(src)
     except Exception as exc:

-        raise AssertionError(f"cannot parse source: {exc}") from None
+        major, minor = sys.version_info[:2]
+        raise AssertionError(
+            f"cannot use --safe with this file; failed to parse source file "
+            f"with Python {major}.{minor}'s builtin AST. Re-run with --fast "
+            f"or stop using deprecated Python 2 syntax. AST error message: {exc}"
+        )

 
     try:
         dst_ast = ast.parse(dst)
 
     try:
         dst_ast = ast.parse(dst)


@@ -1390,7 +1708,7 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
         raise AssertionError(
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced invalid code: {exc}. "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "
         raise AssertionError(
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced invalid code: {exc}. "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "

-            f"This invalid output might be helpful: {log}",
+            f"This invalid output might be helpful: {log}"

         ) from None
 
     src_ast_str = '\n'.join(_v(src_ast))
         ) from None
 
     src_ast_str = '\n'.join(_v(src_ast))


@@ -1401,7 +1719,7 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced code that is not equivalent to "
             f"the source.  "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced code that is not equivalent to "
             f"the source.  "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "

-            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}",
+            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}"

         ) from None
 
 
         ) from None
 
 


@@ -1420,7 +1738,7 @@ def assert_stable(src: str, dst: str, line_length: int) -> None:
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced different code on the second pass "
             f"of the formatter.  "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced different code on the second pass "
             f"of the formatter.  "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "

-            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}",
+            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}"

         ) from None
 
 
         ) from None