]> git.madduck.net Git - etc/vim.git/blobdiff - black.py

madduck's git repository

Every one of the projects in this repository is available at the canonical URL git://git.madduck.net/madduck/pub/<projectpath> — see each project's metadata for the exact URL.

All patches and comments are welcome. Please squash your changes to logical commits before using git-format-patch and git-send-email to patches@git.madduck.net. If you'd read over the Git project's submission guidelines and adhered to them, I'd be especially grateful.

SSH access, as well as push access can be individually arranged.

If you use my repositories frequently, consider adding the following snippet to ~/.gitconfig and using the third clone URL listed for each project:

[url "git://git.madduck.net/madduck/"]
  insteadOf = madduck:

Coverage reporting
[etc/vim.git] / black.py
index 24c57ca4aee1d54ae862e8e879a4d27f9577f029..dc02128313154690de62de810abf399efcdb3433 100644 (file)
--- a/black.py
+++ b/black.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+
 import asyncio
 from asyncio.base_events import BaseEventLoop
 from concurrent.futures import Executor, ProcessPoolExecutor
@@ -7,11 +8,12 @@ import keyword
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import tokenize
+import sys
 from typing import (
-    Dict, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+    Dict, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
 )
 
-from attr import attrib, dataclass, Factory
+from attr import dataclass, Factory
 import click
 
 # lib2to3 fork
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ from blib2to3 import pygram, pytree
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import driver, token
 from blib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError
 
-__version__ = "18.3a0"
+__version__ = "18.3a3"
 DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 88
 # types
 syms = pygram.python_symbols
@@ -42,10 +44,38 @@ class NothingChanged(UserWarning):
 class CannotSplit(Exception):
     """A readable split that fits the allotted line length is impossible.
 
-    Raised by `left_hand_split()` and `right_hand_split()`.
+    Raised by `left_hand_split()`, `right_hand_split()`, and `delimiter_split()`.
     """
 
 
+class FormatError(Exception):
+    """Base fmt: on/off error.
+
+    It holds the number of bytes of the prefix consumed before the format
+    control comment appeared.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, consumed: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(consumed)
+        self.consumed = consumed
+
+    def trim_prefix(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None:
+        leaf.prefix = leaf.prefix[self.consumed:]
+
+    def leaf_from_consumed(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Leaf:
+        """Returns a new Leaf from the consumed part of the prefix."""
+        unformatted_prefix = leaf.prefix[:self.consumed]
+        return Leaf(token.NEWLINE, unformatted_prefix)
+
+
+class FormatOn(FormatError):
+    """Found a comment like `# fmt: on` in the file."""
+
+
+class FormatOff(FormatError):
+    """Found a comment like `# fmt: off` in the file."""
+
+
 @click.command()
 @click.option(
     '-l',
@@ -55,6 +85,15 @@ class CannotSplit(Exception):
     help='How many character per line to allow.',
     show_default=True,
 )
+@click.option(
+    '--check',
+    is_flag=True,
+    help=(
+        "Don't write back the files, just return the status.  Return code 0 "
+        "means nothing would change.  Return code 1 means some files would be "
+        "reformatted.  Return code 123 means there was an internal error."
+    ),
+)
 @click.option(
     '--fast/--safe',
     is_flag=True,
@@ -64,10 +103,14 @@ class CannotSplit(Exception):
 @click.argument(
     'src',
     nargs=-1,
-    type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True, readable=True),
+    type=click.Path(
+        exists=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True, readable=True, allow_dash=True
+    ),
 )
 @click.pass_context
-def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> None:
+def main(
+    ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, check: bool, fast: bool, src: List[str]
+) -> None:
     """The uncompromising code formatter."""
     sources: List[Path] = []
     for s in src:
@@ -77,15 +120,24 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> No
         elif p.is_file():
             # if a file was explicitly given, we don't care about its extension
             sources.append(p)
+        elif s == '-':
+            sources.append(Path('-'))
         else:
             err(f'invalid path: {s}')
     if len(sources) == 0:
         ctx.exit(0)
     elif len(sources) == 1:
         p = sources[0]
-        report = Report()
+        report = Report(check=check)
         try:
-            changed = format_file_in_place(p, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+            if not p.is_file() and str(p) == '-':
+                changed = format_stdin_to_stdout(
+                    line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=not check
+                )
+            else:
+                changed = format_file_in_place(
+                    p, line_length=line_length, fast=fast, write_back=not check
+                )
             report.done(p, changed)
         except Exception as exc:
             report.failed(p, str(exc))
@@ -96,7 +148,9 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> No
         return_code = 1
         try:
             return_code = loop.run_until_complete(
-                schedule_formatting(sources, line_length, fast, loop, executor)
+                schedule_formatting(
+                    sources, line_length, not check, fast, loop, executor
+                )
             )
         finally:
             loop.close()
@@ -106,13 +160,14 @@ def main(ctx: click.Context, line_length: int, fast: bool, src: List[str]) -> No
 async def schedule_formatting(
     sources: List[Path],
     line_length: int,
+    write_back: bool,
     fast: bool,
     loop: BaseEventLoop,
     executor: Executor,
 ) -> int:
     tasks = {
         src: loop.run_in_executor(
-            executor, format_file_in_place, src, line_length, fast
+            executor, format_file_in_place, src, line_length, fast, write_back
         )
         for src in sources
     }
@@ -135,44 +190,66 @@ async def schedule_formatting(
     return report.return_code
 
 
-def format_file_in_place(src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool) -> bool:
+def format_file_in_place(
+    src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: bool = False
+) -> bool:
     """Format the file and rewrite if changed. Return True if changed."""
+    with tokenize.open(src) as src_buffer:
+        src_contents = src_buffer.read()
     try:
-        contents, encoding = format_file(src, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+        contents = format_file_contents(
+            src_contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast
+        )
     except NothingChanged:
         return False
 
-    with open(src, "w", encoding=encoding) as f:
-        f.write(contents)
+    if write_back:
+        with open(src, "w", encoding=src_buffer.encoding) as f:
+            f.write(contents)
     return True
 
 
-def format_file(
-    src: Path, line_length: int, fast: bool
-) -> Tuple[FileContent, Encoding]:
+def format_stdin_to_stdout(
+    line_length: int, fast: bool, write_back: bool = False
+) -> bool:
+    """Format file on stdin and pipe output to stdout. Return True if changed."""
+    contents = sys.stdin.read()
+    try:
+        contents = format_file_contents(contents, line_length=line_length, fast=fast)
+        return True
+
+    except NothingChanged:
+        return False
+
+    finally:
+        if write_back:
+            sys.stdout.write(contents)
+
+
+def format_file_contents(
+    src_contents: str, line_length: int, fast: bool
+) -> FileContent:
     """Reformats a file and returns its contents and encoding."""
-    with tokenize.open(src) as src_buffer:
-        src_contents = src_buffer.read()
     if src_contents.strip() == '':
-        raise NothingChanged(src)
+        raise NothingChanged
 
     dst_contents = format_str(src_contents, line_length=line_length)
     if src_contents == dst_contents:
-        raise NothingChanged(src)
+        raise NothingChanged
 
     if not fast:
         assert_equivalent(src_contents, dst_contents)
         assert_stable(src_contents, dst_contents, line_length=line_length)
-    return dst_contents, src_buffer.encoding
+    return dst_contents
 
 
 def format_str(src_contents: str, line_length: int) -> FileContent:
     """Reformats a string and returns new contents."""
     src_node = lib2to3_parse(src_contents)
     dst_contents = ""
-    comments: List[Line] = []
     lines = LineGenerator()
     elt = EmptyLineTracker()
+    py36 = is_python36(src_node)
     empty_line = Line()
     after = 0
     for current_line in lines.visit(src_node):
@@ -181,36 +258,41 @@ def format_str(src_contents: str, line_length: int) -> FileContent:
         before, after = elt.maybe_empty_lines(current_line)
         for _ in range(before):
             dst_contents += str(empty_line)
-        if not current_line.is_comment:
-            for comment in comments:
-                dst_contents += str(comment)
-            comments = []
-            for line in split_line(current_line, line_length=line_length):
-                dst_contents += str(line)
-        else:
-            comments.append(current_line)
-    for comment in comments:
-        dst_contents += str(comment)
+        for line in split_line(current_line, line_length=line_length, py36=py36):
+            dst_contents += str(line)
     return dst_contents
 
 
+GRAMMARS = [
+    pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement_no_exec_statement,
+    pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement,
+    pygram.python_grammar_no_exec_statement,
+    pygram.python_grammar,
+]
+
+
 def lib2to3_parse(src_txt: str) -> Node:
     """Given a string with source, return the lib2to3 Node."""
     grammar = pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement
-    drv = driver.Driver(grammar, pytree.convert)
     if src_txt[-1] != '\n':
         nl = '\r\n' if '\r\n' in src_txt[:1024] else '\n'
         src_txt += nl
-    try:
-        result = drv.parse_string(src_txt, True)
-    except ParseError as pe:
-        lineno, column = pe.context[1]
-        lines = src_txt.splitlines()
+    for grammar in GRAMMARS:
+        drv = driver.Driver(grammar, pytree.convert)
         try:
-            faulty_line = lines[lineno - 1]
-        except IndexError:
-            faulty_line = "<line number missing in source>"
-        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse: {lineno}:{column}: {faulty_line}") from None
+            result = drv.parse_string(src_txt, True)
+            break
+
+        except ParseError as pe:
+            lineno, column = pe.context[1]
+            lines = src_txt.splitlines()
+            try:
+                faulty_line = lines[lineno - 1]
+            except IndexError:
+                faulty_line = "<line number missing in source>"
+            exc = ValueError(f"Cannot parse: {lineno}:{column}: {faulty_line}")
+    else:
+        raise exc from None
 
     if isinstance(result, Leaf):
         result = Node(syms.file_input, [result])
@@ -244,7 +326,7 @@ class Visitor(Generic[T]):
 
 @dataclass
 class DebugVisitor(Visitor[T]):
-    tree_depth: int = attrib(default=0)
+    tree_depth: int = 0
 
     def visit_default(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[T]:
         indent = ' ' * (2 * self.tree_depth)
@@ -266,6 +348,15 @@ class DebugVisitor(Visitor[T]):
                 out(f' {node.prefix!r}', fg='green', bold=False, nl=False)
             out(f' {node.value!r}', fg='blue', bold=False)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def show(cls, code: str) -> None:
+        """Pretty-prints a given string of `code`.
+
+        Convenience method for debugging.
+        """
+        v: DebugVisitor[None] = DebugVisitor()
+        list(v.visit(lib2to3_parse(code)))
+
 
 KEYWORDS = set(keyword.kwlist)
 WHITESPACE = {token.DEDENT, token.INDENT, token.NEWLINE}
@@ -299,6 +390,7 @@ MATH_OPERATORS = {
     token.AMPER,
     token.PERCENT,
     token.CIRCUMFLEX,
+    token.TILDE,
     token.LEFTSHIFT,
     token.RIGHTSHIFT,
     token.DOUBLESTAR,
@@ -314,10 +406,10 @@ MATH_PRIORITY = 1
 
 @dataclass
 class BracketTracker:
-    depth: int = attrib(default=0)
-    bracket_match: Dict[Tuple[Depth, NodeType], Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(dict))
-    delimiters: Dict[LeafID, Priority] = attrib(default=Factory(dict))
-    previous: Optional[Leaf] = attrib(default=None)
+    depth: int = 0
+    bracket_match: Dict[Tuple[Depth, NodeType], Leaf] = Factory(dict)
+    delimiters: Dict[LeafID, Priority] = Factory(dict)
+    previous: Optional[Leaf] = None
 
     def mark(self, leaf: Leaf) -> None:
         if leaf.type == token.COMMENT:
@@ -326,8 +418,8 @@ class BracketTracker:
         if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
             self.depth -= 1
             opening_bracket = self.bracket_match.pop((self.depth, leaf.type))
-            leaf.opening_bracket = opening_bracket  # type: ignore
-        leaf.bracket_depth = self.depth  # type: ignore
+            leaf.opening_bracket = opening_bracket
+        leaf.bracket_depth = self.depth
         if self.depth == 0:
             delim = is_delimiter(leaf)
             if delim:
@@ -336,19 +428,25 @@ class BracketTracker:
                 if leaf.type == token.STRING and self.previous.type == token.STRING:
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = STRING_PRIORITY
                 elif (
-                    leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                    leaf.value == 'for' and
-                    leaf.parent and
-                    leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_for, syms.old_comp_for}
+                    leaf.type == token.NAME
+                    and leaf.value == 'for'
+                    and leaf.parent
+                    and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_for, syms.old_comp_for}
                 ):
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
                 elif (
-                    leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                    leaf.value == 'if' and
-                    leaf.parent and
-                    leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_if, syms.old_comp_if}
+                    leaf.type == token.NAME
+                    and leaf.value == 'if'
+                    and leaf.parent
+                    and leaf.parent.type in {syms.comp_if, syms.old_comp_if}
                 ):
                     self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = COMPREHENSION_PRIORITY
+                elif (
+                    leaf.type == token.NAME
+                    and leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS
+                    and leaf.parent
+                ):
+                    self.delimiters[id(self.previous)] = LOGIC_PRIORITY
         if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
             self.bracket_match[self.depth, BRACKET[leaf.type]] = leaf
             self.depth += 1
@@ -368,11 +466,13 @@ class BracketTracker:
 
 @dataclass
 class Line:
-    depth: int = attrib(default=0)
-    leaves: List[Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(list))
-    comments: Dict[LeafID, Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(dict))
-    bracket_tracker: BracketTracker = attrib(default=Factory(BracketTracker))
-    inside_brackets: bool = attrib(default=False)
+    depth: int = 0
+    leaves: List[Leaf] = Factory(list)
+    comments: Dict[LeafID, Leaf] = Factory(dict)
+    bracket_tracker: BracketTracker = Factory(BracketTracker)
+    inside_brackets: bool = False
+    has_for: bool = False
+    _for_loop_variable: bool = False
 
     def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
         has_value = leaf.value.strip()
@@ -384,8 +484,10 @@ class Line:
             # imports, for which we only preserve newlines.
             leaf.prefix += whitespace(leaf)
         if self.inside_brackets or not preformatted:
+            self.maybe_decrement_after_for_loop_variable(leaf)
             self.bracket_tracker.mark(leaf)
             self.maybe_remove_trailing_comma(leaf)
+            self.maybe_increment_for_loop_variable(leaf)
             if self.maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(leaf):
                 return
 
@@ -407,9 +509,9 @@ class Line:
     @property
     def is_class(self) -> bool:
         return (
-            bool(self) and
-            self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME and
-            self.leaves[0].value == 'class'
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
+            and self.leaves[0].value == 'class'
         )
 
     @property
@@ -425,50 +527,55 @@ class Line:
         except IndexError:
             second_leaf = None
         return (
-            (first_leaf.type == token.NAME and first_leaf.value == 'def') or
-            (
-                first_leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                first_leaf.value == 'async' and
-                second_leaf is not None and
-                second_leaf.type == token.NAME and
-                second_leaf.value == 'def'
+            (first_leaf.type == token.NAME and first_leaf.value == 'def')
+            or (
+                first_leaf.type == token.ASYNC
+                and second_leaf is not None
+                and second_leaf.type == token.NAME
+                and second_leaf.value == 'def'
             )
         )
 
     @property
     def is_flow_control(self) -> bool:
         return (
-            bool(self) and
-            self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME and
-            self.leaves[0].value in FLOW_CONTROL
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
+            and self.leaves[0].value in FLOW_CONTROL
         )
 
     @property
     def is_yield(self) -> bool:
         return (
-            bool(self) and
-            self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME and
-            self.leaves[0].value == 'yield'
+            bool(self)
+            and self.leaves[0].type == token.NAME
+            and self.leaves[0].value == 'yield'
         )
 
     def maybe_remove_trailing_comma(self, closing: Leaf) -> bool:
         if not (
-            self.leaves and
-            self.leaves[-1].type == token.COMMA and
-            closing.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
+            self.leaves
+            and self.leaves[-1].type == token.COMMA
+            and closing.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
         ):
             return False
 
-        if closing.type == token.RSQB or closing.type == token.RBRACE:
+        if closing.type == token.RBRACE:
             self.leaves.pop()
             return True
 
+        if closing.type == token.RSQB:
+            comma = self.leaves[-1]
+            if comma.parent and comma.parent.type == syms.listmaker:
+                self.leaves.pop()
+                return True
+
         # For parens let's check if it's safe to remove the comma.  If the
         # trailing one is the only one, we might mistakenly change a tuple
         # into a different type by removing the comma.
-        depth = closing.bracket_depth + 1  # type: ignore
+        depth = closing.bracket_depth + 1
         commas = 0
-        opening = closing.opening_bracket  # type: ignore
+        opening = closing.opening_bracket
         for _opening_index, leaf in enumerate(self.leaves):
             if leaf is opening:
                 break
@@ -480,15 +587,42 @@ class Line:
             if leaf is closing:
                 break
 
-            bracket_depth = leaf.bracket_depth  # type: ignore
+            bracket_depth = leaf.bracket_depth
             if bracket_depth == depth and leaf.type == token.COMMA:
                 commas += 1
+                if leaf.parent and leaf.parent.type == syms.arglist:
+                    commas += 1
+                    break
+
         if commas > 1:
             self.leaves.pop()
             return True
 
         return False
 
+    def maybe_increment_for_loop_variable(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+        """In a for loop, or comprehension, the variables are often unpacks.
+
+        To avoid splitting on the comma in this situation, we will increase
+        the depth of tokens between `for` and `in`.
+        """
+        if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == 'for':
+            self.has_for = True
+            self.bracket_tracker.depth += 1
+            self._for_loop_variable = True
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def maybe_decrement_after_for_loop_variable(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+        # See `maybe_increment_for_loop_variable` above for explanation.
+        if self._for_loop_variable and leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value == 'in':
+            self.bracket_tracker.depth -= 1
+            self._for_loop_variable = False
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
     def maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
         """Hack a standalone comment to act as a trailing comment for line splitting.
 
@@ -499,8 +633,8 @@ class Line:
         appended will appear "too long" when splitting.
         """
         if not (
-            comment.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT and
-            self.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets()
+            comment.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT
+            and self.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets()
         ):
             return False
 
@@ -552,16 +686,55 @@ class Line:
         return bool(self.leaves or self.comments)
 
 
+class UnformattedLines(Line):
+
+    def append(self, leaf: Leaf, preformatted: bool = False) -> None:
+        try:
+            list(generate_comments(leaf))
+        except FormatOn as f_on:
+            self.leaves.append(f_on.leaf_from_consumed(leaf))
+            raise
+
+        self.leaves.append(leaf)
+        if leaf.type == token.INDENT:
+            self.depth += 1
+        elif leaf.type == token.DEDENT:
+            self.depth -= 1
+
+    def append_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Unformatted lines don't store comments separately.")
+
+    def maybe_remove_trailing_comma(self, closing: Leaf) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def maybe_increment_for_loop_variable(self, leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def maybe_adapt_standalone_comment(self, comment: Leaf) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if not self:
+            return '\n'
+
+        res = ''
+        for leaf in self.leaves:
+            res += str(leaf)
+        return res
+
+
 @dataclass
 class EmptyLineTracker:
     """Provides a stateful method that returns the number of potential extra
     empty lines needed before and after the currently processed line.
 
-    Note: this tracker works on lines that haven't been split yet.
+    Note: this tracker works on lines that haven't been split yet.  It assumes
+    the prefix of the first leaf consists of optional newlines.  Those newlines
+    are consumed by `maybe_empty_lines()` and included in the computation.
     """
-    previous_line: Optional[Line] = attrib(default=None)
-    previous_after: int = attrib(default=0)
-    previous_defs: List[int] = attrib(default=Factory(list))
+    previous_line: Optional[Line] = None
+    previous_after: int = 0
+    previous_defs: List[int] = Factory(list)
 
     def maybe_empty_lines(self, current_line: Line) -> Tuple[int, int]:
         """Returns the number of extra empty lines before and after the `current_line`.
@@ -570,17 +743,31 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
         (two on module-level), as well as providing an extra empty line after flow
         control keywords to make them more prominent.
         """
+        if isinstance(current_line, UnformattedLines):
+            return 0, 0
+
         before, after = self._maybe_empty_lines(current_line)
+        before -= self.previous_after
         self.previous_after = after
         self.previous_line = current_line
         return before, after
 
     def _maybe_empty_lines(self, current_line: Line) -> Tuple[int, int]:
-        before = 0
+        max_allowed = 1
+        if current_line.is_comment and current_line.depth == 0:
+            max_allowed = 2
+        if current_line.leaves:
+            # Consume the first leaf's extra newlines.
+            first_leaf = current_line.leaves[0]
+            before = first_leaf.prefix.count('\n')
+            before = min(before, max(before, max_allowed))
+            first_leaf.prefix = ''
+        else:
+            before = 0
         depth = current_line.depth
         while self.previous_defs and self.previous_defs[-1] >= depth:
             self.previous_defs.pop()
-            before = (1 if depth else 2) - self.previous_after
+            before = 1 if depth else 2
         is_decorator = current_line.is_decorator
         if is_decorator or current_line.is_def or current_line.is_class:
             if not is_decorator:
@@ -596,24 +783,23 @@ class EmptyLineTracker:
             newlines = 2
             if current_line.depth:
                 newlines -= 1
-            newlines -= self.previous_after
             return newlines, 0
 
         if current_line.is_flow_control:
             return before, 1
 
         if (
-            self.previous_line and
-            self.previous_line.is_import and
-            not current_line.is_import and
-            depth == self.previous_line.depth
+            self.previous_line
+            and self.previous_line.is_import
+            and not current_line.is_import
+            and depth == self.previous_line.depth
         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
         if (
-            self.previous_line and
-            self.previous_line.is_yield and
-            (not current_line.is_yield or depth != self.previous_line.depth)
+            self.previous_line
+            and self.previous_line.is_yield
+            and (not current_line.is_yield or depth != self.previous_line.depth)
         ):
             return (before or 1), 0
 
@@ -627,10 +813,9 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     Note: destroys the tree it's visiting by mutating prefixes of its leaves
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """
-    current_line: Line = attrib(default=Factory(Line))
-    standalone_comments: List[Leaf] = attrib(default=Factory(list))
+    current_line: Line = Factory(Line)
 
-    def line(self, indent: int = 0) -> Iterator[Line]:
+    def line(self, indent: int = 0, type: Type[Line] = Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Generate a line.
 
         If the line is empty, only emit if it makes sense.
@@ -639,52 +824,68 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         If any lines were generated, set up a new current_line.
         """
         if not self.current_line:
-            self.current_line.depth += indent
+            if self.current_line.__class__ == type:
+                self.current_line.depth += indent
+            else:
+                self.current_line = type(depth=self.current_line.depth + indent)
             return  # Line is empty, don't emit. Creating a new one unnecessary.
 
         complete_line = self.current_line
-        self.current_line = Line(depth=complete_line.depth + indent)
+        self.current_line = type(depth=complete_line.depth + indent)
         yield complete_line
 
+    def visit(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        """High-level entry point to the visitor."""
+        if isinstance(self.current_line, UnformattedLines):
+            # File contained `# fmt: off`
+            yield from self.visit_unformatted(node)
+
+        else:
+            yield from super().visit(node)
+
     def visit_default(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
         if isinstance(node, Leaf):
-            for comment in generate_comments(node):
-                if self.current_line.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets():
-                    # any comment within brackets is subject to splitting
-                    self.current_line.append(comment)
-                elif comment.type == token.COMMENT:
-                    # regular trailing comment
-                    self.current_line.append(comment)
-                    yield from self.line()
-
-                else:
-                    # regular standalone comment, to be processed later (see
-                    # docstring in `generate_comments()`
-                    self.standalone_comments.append(comment)
-            normalize_prefix(node)
-            if node.type not in WHITESPACE:
-                for comment in self.standalone_comments:
-                    yield from self.line()
-
-                    self.current_line.append(comment)
-                    yield from self.line()
-
-                self.standalone_comments = []
-                self.current_line.append(node)
+            any_open_brackets = self.current_line.bracket_tracker.any_open_brackets()
+            try:
+                for comment in generate_comments(node):
+                    if any_open_brackets:
+                        # any comment within brackets is subject to splitting
+                        self.current_line.append(comment)
+                    elif comment.type == token.COMMENT:
+                        # regular trailing comment
+                        self.current_line.append(comment)
+                        yield from self.line()
+
+                    else:
+                        # regular standalone comment
+                        yield from self.line()
+
+                        self.current_line.append(comment)
+                        yield from self.line()
+
+            except FormatOff as f_off:
+                f_off.trim_prefix(node)
+                yield from self.line(type=UnformattedLines)
+                yield from self.visit(node)
+
+            except FormatOn as f_on:
+                # This only happens here if somebody says "fmt: on" multiple
+                # times in a row.
+                f_on.trim_prefix(node)
+                yield from self.visit_default(node)
+
+            else:
+                normalize_prefix(node, inside_brackets=any_open_brackets)
+                if node.type not in WHITESPACE:
+                    self.current_line.append(node)
         yield from super().visit_default(node)
 
-    def visit_suite(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
-        """Body of a statement after a colon."""
-        children = iter(node.children)
-        # Process newline before indenting.  It might contain an inline
-        # comment that should go right after the colon.
-        newline = next(children)
-        yield from self.visit(newline)
+    def visit_INDENT(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
         yield from self.line(+1)
+        yield from self.visit_default(node)
 
-        for child in children:
-            yield from self.visit(child)
-
+    def visit_DEDENT(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        # DEDENT has no value. Additionally, in blib2to3 it never holds comments.
         yield from self.line(-1)
 
     def visit_stmt(self, node: Node, keywords: Set[str]) -> Iterator[Line]:
@@ -718,7 +919,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         for child in children:
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
-            if child.type == token.NAME and child.value == 'async':  # type: ignore
+            if child.type == token.ASYNC:
                 break
 
         internal_stmt = next(children)
@@ -737,6 +938,19 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         yield from self.visit_default(leaf)
         yield from self.line()
 
+    def visit_unformatted(self, node: LN) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        if isinstance(node, Node):
+            for child in node.children:
+                yield from self.visit(child)
+
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.current_line.append(node)
+            except FormatOn as f_on:
+                f_on.trim_prefix(node)
+                yield from self.line()
+                yield from self.visit(node)
+
     def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
         """You are in a twisty little maze of passages."""
         v = self.visit_stmt
@@ -756,52 +970,103 @@ BRACKET = {token.LPAR: token.RPAR, token.LSQB: token.RSQB, token.LBRACE: token.R
 OPENING_BRACKETS = set(BRACKET.keys())
 CLOSING_BRACKETS = set(BRACKET.values())
 BRACKETS = OPENING_BRACKETS | CLOSING_BRACKETS
+ALWAYS_NO_SPACE = CLOSING_BRACKETS | {token.COMMA, STANDALONE_COMMENT}
 
 
-def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
+def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:  # noqa C901
     """Return whitespace prefix if needed for the given `leaf`."""
     NO = ''
     SPACE = ' '
     DOUBLESPACE = '  '
     t = leaf.type
     p = leaf.parent
-    if t == token.COLON:
+    v = leaf.value
+    if t in ALWAYS_NO_SPACE:
         return NO
 
-    if t == token.COMMA:
-        return NO
+    if t == token.COMMENT:
+        return DOUBLESPACE
 
-    if t == token.RPAR:
+    assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}"
+    if t == token.COLON and p.type not in {syms.subscript, syms.subscriptlist}:
         return NO
 
-    if t == token.COMMENT:
-        return DOUBLESPACE
+    prev = leaf.prev_sibling
+    if not prev:
+        prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
+        if not prevp or prevp.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+            return NO
+
+        if t == token.COLON:
+            return SPACE if prevp.type == token.COMMA else NO
+
+        if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:
+            if prevp.parent:
+                if prevp.parent.type in {
+                    syms.arglist, syms.argument, syms.parameters, syms.varargslist
+                }:
+                    return NO
+
+                elif prevp.parent.type == syms.typedargslist:
+                    # A bit hacky: if the equal sign has whitespace, it means we
+                    # previously found it's a typed argument.  So, we're using
+                    # that, too.
+                    return prevp.prefix
+
+        elif prevp.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
+            if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {
+                syms.arglist,
+                syms.argument,
+                syms.dictsetmaker,
+                syms.parameters,
+                syms.typedargslist,
+                syms.varargslist,
+            }:
+                return NO
+
+        elif prevp.type == token.COLON:
+            if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {syms.subscript, syms.sliceop}:
+                return NO
 
-    if t == STANDALONE_COMMENT:
+        elif (
+            prevp.parent
+            and prevp.parent.type in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}
+            and prevp.type in MATH_OPERATORS
+        ):
+            return NO
+
+        elif (
+            prevp.type == token.RIGHTSHIFT
+            and prevp.parent
+            and prevp.parent.type == syms.shift_expr
+            and prevp.prev_sibling
+            and prevp.prev_sibling.type == token.NAME
+            and prevp.prev_sibling.value == 'print'  # type: ignore
+        ):
+            # Python 2 print chevron
+            return NO
+
+    elif prev.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
         return NO
 
-    assert p is not None, f"INTERNAL ERROR: hand-made leaf without parent: {leaf!r}"
     if p.type in {syms.parameters, syms.arglist}:
         # untyped function signatures or calls
         if t == token.RPAR:
             return NO
 
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev or prev.type != token.COMMA:
             return NO
 
-    if p.type == syms.varargslist:
+    elif p.type == syms.varargslist:
         # lambdas
         if t == token.RPAR:
             return NO
 
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if prev and prev.type != token.COMMA:
             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.typedargslist:
         # typed function signatures
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             return NO
 
@@ -819,7 +1084,6 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
 
     elif p.type == syms.tname:
         # type names
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
             if not prevp or prevp.type != token.COMMA:
@@ -830,7 +1094,6 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
         if t == token.LPAR or t == token.RPAR:
             return NO
 
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             if t == token.DOT:
                 prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
@@ -848,7 +1111,6 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
         if t == token.EQUAL:
             return NO
 
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
             if not prevp or prevp.type == token.LPAR:
@@ -862,113 +1124,56 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
         return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.dotted_name:
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if prev:
             return NO
 
         prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
-        if not prevp or prevp.type == token.AT:
+        if not prevp or prevp.type == token.AT or prevp.type == token.DOT:
             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.classdef:
         if t == token.LPAR:
             return NO
 
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if prev and prev.type == token.LPAR:
             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.subscript:
         # indexing
-        if t == token.COLON:
-            return NO
-
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
-        if not prev or prev.type == token.COLON:
-            return NO
-
-    elif p.type in {
-        syms.test,
-        syms.not_test,
-        syms.xor_expr,
-        syms.or_test,
-        syms.and_test,
-        syms.arith_expr,
-        syms.shift_expr,
-        syms.yield_expr,
-        syms.term,
-        syms.power,
-        syms.comparison,
-    }:
-        # various arithmetic and logic expressions
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
-            prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
-            if not prevp or prevp.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
-                return NO
-
-            if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:
-                if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {
-                    syms.varargslist, syms.parameters, syms.arglist, syms.argument
-                }:
-                    return NO
+            assert p.parent is not None, "subscripts are always parented"
+            if p.parent.type == syms.subscriptlist:
+                return SPACE
 
-        return SPACE
-
-    elif p.type == syms.atom:
-        if t in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
             return NO
 
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
-        if not prev:
-            prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
-            if not prevp:
-                return NO
-
-            if prevp.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
-                return NO
-
-            if prevp.type == token.EQUAL:
-                if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {
-                    syms.varargslist, syms.parameters, syms.arglist, syms.argument
-                }:
-                    return NO
-
-            if prevp.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
-                if prevp.parent and prevp.parent.type in {
-                    syms.varargslist, syms.parameters, syms.arglist, syms.dictsetmaker
-                }:
-                    return NO
-
-        elif prev.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
+        else:
             return NO
 
-        elif t == token.DOT:
+    elif p.type == syms.atom:
+        if prev and t == token.DOT:
             # dots, but not the first one.
             return NO
 
     elif (
-        p.type == syms.listmaker or
-        p.type == syms.testlist_gexp or
-        p.type == syms.subscriptlist
+        p.type == syms.listmaker
+        or p.type == syms.testlist_gexp
+        or p.type == syms.subscriptlist
     ):
         # list interior, including unpacking
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.dictsetmaker:
         # dict and set interior, including unpacking
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             return NO
 
         if prev.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
             return NO
 
-    elif p.type == syms.factor or p.type == syms.star_expr:
+    elif p.type in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}:
         # unary ops
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
         if not prev:
             prevp = preceding_leaf(p)
             if not prevp or prevp.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
@@ -987,10 +1192,17 @@ def whitespace(leaf: Leaf) -> str:
         elif t == token.NAME or t == token.NUMBER:
             return NO
 
-    elif p.type == syms.import_from and t == token.NAME:
-        prev = leaf.prev_sibling
-        if prev and prev.type == token.DOT:
-            return NO
+    elif p.type == syms.import_from:
+        if t == token.DOT:
+            if prev and prev.type == token.DOT:
+                return NO
+
+        elif t == token.NAME:
+            if v == 'import':
+                return SPACE
+
+            if prev and prev.type == token.DOT:
+                return NO
 
     elif p.type == syms.sliceop:
         return NO
@@ -1024,16 +1236,13 @@ def is_delimiter(leaf: Leaf) -> int:
     if leaf.type == token.COMMA:
         return COMMA_PRIORITY
 
-    if leaf.type == token.NAME and leaf.value in LOGIC_OPERATORS:
-        return LOGIC_PRIORITY
-
     if leaf.type in COMPARATORS:
         return COMPARATOR_PRIORITY
 
     if (
-        leaf.type in MATH_OPERATORS and
-        leaf.parent and
-        leaf.parent.type not in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}
+        leaf.type in MATH_OPERATORS
+        and leaf.parent
+        and leaf.parent.type not in {syms.factor, syms.star_expr}
     ):
         return MATH_PRIORITY
 
@@ -1059,40 +1268,68 @@ def generate_comments(leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Leaf]:
     Inline comments are emitted as regular token.COMMENT leaves.  Standalone
     are emitted with a fake STANDALONE_COMMENT token identifier.
     """
-    if not leaf.prefix:
+    p = leaf.prefix
+    if not p:
         return
 
-    if '#' not in leaf.prefix:
+    if '#' not in p:
         return
 
-    before_comment, content = leaf.prefix.split('#', 1)
-    content = content.rstrip()
-    if content and (content[0] not in {' ', '!', '#'}):
-        content = ' ' + content
-    is_standalone_comment = (
-        '\n' in before_comment or '\n' in content or leaf.type == token.DEDENT
-    )
-    if not is_standalone_comment:
-        # simple trailing comment
-        yield Leaf(token.COMMENT, value='#' + content)
-        return
-
-    for line in ('#' + content).split('\n'):
+    consumed = 0
+    nlines = 0
+    for index, line in enumerate(p.split('\n')):
+        consumed += len(line) + 1  # adding the length of the split '\n'
         line = line.lstrip()
+        if not line:
+            nlines += 1
         if not line.startswith('#'):
             continue
 
-        yield Leaf(STANDALONE_COMMENT, line)
+        if index == 0 and leaf.type != token.ENDMARKER:
+            comment_type = token.COMMENT  # simple trailing comment
+        else:
+            comment_type = STANDALONE_COMMENT
+        comment = make_comment(line)
+        yield Leaf(comment_type, comment, prefix='\n' * nlines)
+
+        if comment in {'# fmt: on', '# yapf: enable'}:
+            raise FormatOn(consumed)
+
+        if comment in {'# fmt: off', '# yapf: disable'}:
+            raise FormatOff(consumed)
+
+        nlines = 0
 
 
-def split_line(line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def make_comment(content: str) -> str:
+    content = content.rstrip()
+    if not content:
+        return '#'
+
+    if content[0] == '#':
+        content = content[1:]
+    if content and content[0] not in ' !:#':
+        content = ' ' + content
+    return '#' + content
+
+
+def split_line(
+    line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False, py36: bool = False
+) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Splits a `line` into potentially many lines.
 
     They should fit in the allotted `line_length` but might not be able to.
     `inner` signifies that there were a pair of brackets somewhere around the
     current `line`, possibly transitively. This means we can fallback to splitting
     by delimiters if the LHS/RHS don't yield any results.
+
+    If `py36` is True, splitting may generate syntax that is only compatible
+    with Python 3.6 and later.
     """
+    if isinstance(line, UnformattedLines):
+        yield line
+        return
+
     line_str = str(line).strip('\n')
     if len(line_str) <= line_length and '\n' not in line_str:
         yield line
@@ -1114,11 +1351,13 @@ def split_line(line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False) -> Iterator[Li
         # split altogether.
         result: List[Line] = []
         try:
-            for l in split_func(line):
+            for l in split_func(line, py36=py36):
                 if str(l).strip('\n') == line_str:
                     raise CannotSplit("Split function returned an unchanged result")
 
-                result.extend(split_line(l, line_length=line_length, inner=True))
+                result.extend(
+                    split_line(l, line_length=line_length, inner=True, py36=py36)
+                )
         except CannotSplit as cs:
             continue
 
@@ -1130,7 +1369,7 @@ def split_line(line: Line, line_length: int, inner: bool = False) -> Iterator[Li
         yield line
 
 
-def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def left_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the first matching bracket pair.
 
     Note: this usually looks weird, only use this for function definitions.
@@ -1146,11 +1385,11 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
     matching_bracket = None
     for leaf in line.leaves:
         if (
-            current_leaves is body_leaves and
-            leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS and
-            leaf.opening_bracket is matching_bracket  # type: ignore
+            current_leaves is body_leaves
+            and leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
+            and leaf.opening_bracket is matching_bracket
         ):
-            current_leaves = tail_leaves
+            current_leaves = tail_leaves if body_leaves else head_leaves
         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is head_leaves:
             if leaf.type in OPENING_BRACKETS:
@@ -1158,7 +1397,7 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
                 current_leaves = body_leaves
     # Since body is a new indent level, remove spurious leading whitespace.
     if body_leaves:
-        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0])
+        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)
     # Build the new lines.
     for result, leaves in (
         (head, head_leaves), (body, body_leaves), (tail, tail_leaves)
@@ -1168,24 +1407,13 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
             comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
             if comment_after:
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
-    # Check if the split succeeded.
-    tail_len = len(str(tail))
-    if not body:
-        if tail_len == 0:
-            raise CannotSplit("Splitting brackets produced the same line")
-
-        elif tail_len < 3:
-            raise CannotSplit(
-                f"Splitting brackets on an empty body to save "
-                f"{tail_len} characters is not worth it"
-            )
-
+    split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
     for result in (head, body, tail):
         if result:
             yield result
 
 
-def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def right_hand_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the last matching bracket pair."""
     head = Line(depth=line.depth)
     body = Line(depth=line.depth + 1, inside_brackets=True)
@@ -1198,18 +1426,18 @@ def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
     for leaf in reversed(line.leaves):
         if current_leaves is body_leaves:
             if leaf is opening_bracket:
-                current_leaves = head_leaves
+                current_leaves = head_leaves if body_leaves else tail_leaves
         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is tail_leaves:
             if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
-                opening_bracket = leaf.opening_bracket  # type: ignore
+                opening_bracket = leaf.opening_bracket
                 current_leaves = body_leaves
     tail_leaves.reverse()
     body_leaves.reverse()
     head_leaves.reverse()
     # Since body is a new indent level, remove spurious leading whitespace.
     if body_leaves:
-        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0])
+        normalize_prefix(body_leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)
     # Build the new lines.
     for result, leaves in (
         (head, head_leaves), (body, body_leaves), (tail, tail_leaves)
@@ -1219,8 +1447,14 @@ def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
             comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
             if comment_after:
                 result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
-    # Check if the split succeeded.
-    tail_len = len(str(tail).strip('\n'))
+    split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
+    for result in (head, body, tail):
+        if result:
+            yield result
+
+
+def split_succeeded_or_raise(head: Line, body: Line, tail: Line) -> None:
+    tail_len = len(str(tail).strip())
     if not body:
         if tail_len == 0:
             raise CannotSplit("Splitting brackets produced the same line")
@@ -1231,15 +1465,13 @@ def right_hand_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
                 f"{tail_len} characters is not worth it"
             )
 
-    for result in (head, body, tail):
-        if result:
-            yield result
-
 
-def delimiter_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
+def delimiter_split(line: Line, py36: bool = False) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split according to delimiters of the highest priority.
 
     This kind of split doesn't increase indentation.
+    If `py36` is True, the split will add trailing commas also in function
+    signatures that contain * and **.
     """
     try:
         last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]
@@ -1253,24 +1485,34 @@ def delimiter_split(line: Line) -> Iterator[Line]:
         raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found")
 
     current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
+    lowest_depth = sys.maxsize
+    trailing_comma_safe = True
     for leaf in line.leaves:
         current_line.append(leaf, preformatted=True)
         comment_after = line.comments.get(id(leaf))
         if comment_after:
             current_line.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
+        lowest_depth = min(lowest_depth, leaf.bracket_depth)
+        if (
+            leaf.bracket_depth == lowest_depth
+            and leaf.type == token.STAR
+            or leaf.type == token.DOUBLESTAR
+        ):
+            trailing_comma_safe = trailing_comma_safe and py36
         leaf_priority = delimiters.get(id(leaf))
         if leaf_priority == delimiter_priority:
-            normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0])
+            normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)
             yield current_line
 
             current_line = Line(depth=line.depth, inside_brackets=line.inside_brackets)
     if current_line:
         if (
-            delimiter_priority == COMMA_PRIORITY and
-            current_line.leaves[-1].type != token.COMMA
+            delimiter_priority == COMMA_PRIORITY
+            and current_line.leaves[-1].type != token.COMMA
+            and trailing_comma_safe
         ):
             current_line.append(Leaf(token.COMMA, ','))
-        normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0])
+        normalize_prefix(current_line.leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)
         yield current_line
 
 
@@ -1280,28 +1522,57 @@ def is_import(leaf: Leaf) -> bool:
     t = leaf.type
     v = leaf.value
     return bool(
-        t == token.NAME and
-        (
-            (v == 'import' and p and p.type == syms.import_name) or
-            (v == 'from' and p and p.type == syms.import_from)
+        t == token.NAME
+        and (
+            (v == 'import' and p and p.type == syms.import_name)
+            or (v == 'from' and p and p.type == syms.import_from)
         )
     )
 
 
-def normalize_prefix(leaf: Leaf) -> None:
-    """Leave existing extra newlines for imports.  Remove everything else."""
-    if is_import(leaf):
-        spl = leaf.prefix.split('#', 1)
-        nl_count = spl[0].count('\n')
-        if len(spl) > 1:
-            # Skip one newline since it was for a standalone comment.
-            nl_count -= 1
-        leaf.prefix = '\n' * nl_count
-        return
+def normalize_prefix(leaf: Leaf, *, inside_brackets: bool) -> None:
+    """Leave existing extra newlines if not `inside_brackets`.
+
+    Remove everything else.  Note: don't use backslashes for formatting or
+    you'll lose your voting rights.
+    """
+    if not inside_brackets:
+        spl = leaf.prefix.split('#')
+        if '\\' not in spl[0]:
+            nl_count = spl[-1].count('\n')
+            if len(spl) > 1:
+                nl_count -= 1
+            leaf.prefix = '\n' * nl_count
+            return
 
     leaf.prefix = ''
 
 
+def is_python36(node: Node) -> bool:
+    """Returns True if the current file is using Python 3.6+ features.
+
+    Currently looking for:
+    - f-strings; and
+    - trailing commas after * or ** in function signatures.
+    """
+    for n in node.pre_order():
+        if n.type == token.STRING:
+            value_head = n.value[:2]  # type: ignore
+            if value_head in {'f"', 'F"', "f'", "F'", 'rf', 'fr', 'RF', 'FR'}:
+                return True
+
+        elif (
+            n.type == syms.typedargslist
+            and n.children
+            and n.children[-1].type == token.COMMA
+        ):
+            for ch in n.children:
+                if ch.type == token.STAR or ch.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
+                    return True
+
+    return False
+
+
 PYTHON_EXTENSIONS = {'.py'}
 BLACKLISTED_DIRECTORIES = {
     'build', 'buck-out', 'dist', '_build', '.git', '.hg', '.mypy_cache', '.tox', '.venv'
@@ -1323,14 +1594,16 @@ def gen_python_files_in_dir(path: Path) -> Iterator[Path]:
 @dataclass
 class Report:
     """Provides a reformatting counter."""
-    change_count: int = attrib(default=0)
-    same_count: int = attrib(default=0)
-    failure_count: int = attrib(default=0)
+    check: bool = False
+    change_count: int = 0
+    same_count: int = 0
+    failure_count: int = 0
 
     def done(self, src: Path, changed: bool) -> None:
         """Increment the counter for successful reformatting. Write out a message."""
         if changed:
-            out(f'reformatted {src}')
+            reformatted = 'would reformat' if self.check else 'reformatted'
+            out(f'{reformatted} {src}')
             self.change_count += 1
         else:
             out(f'{src} already well formatted, good job.', bold=False)
@@ -1344,28 +1617,42 @@ class Report:
     @property
     def return_code(self) -> int:
         """Which return code should the app use considering the current state."""
-        return 1 if self.failure_count else 0
+        # According to http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html starting with
+        # 126 we have special returncodes reserved by the shell.
+        if self.failure_count:
+            return 123
+
+        elif self.change_count and self.check:
+            return 1
+
+        return 0
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         """A color report of the current state.
 
         Use `click.unstyle` to remove colors.
         """
+        if self.check:
+            reformatted = "would be reformatted"
+            unchanged = "would be left unchanged"
+            failed = "would fail to reformat"
+        else:
+            reformatted = "reformatted"
+            unchanged = "left unchanged"
+            failed = "failed to reformat"
         report = []
         if self.change_count:
             s = 's' if self.change_count > 1 else ''
             report.append(
-                click.style(f'{self.change_count} file{s} reformatted', bold=True)
+                click.style(f'{self.change_count} file{s} {reformatted}', bold=True)
             )
         if self.same_count:
             s = 's' if self.same_count > 1 else ''
-            report.append(f'{self.same_count} file{s} left unchanged')
+            report.append(f'{self.same_count} file{s} {unchanged}')
         if self.failure_count:
             s = 's' if self.failure_count > 1 else ''
             report.append(
-                click.style(
-                    f'{self.failure_count} file{s} failed to reformat', fg='red'
-                )
+                click.style(f'{self.failure_count} file{s} {failed}', fg='red')
             )
         return ', '.join(report) + '.'
 
@@ -1407,7 +1694,12 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
     try:
         src_ast = ast.parse(src)
     except Exception as exc:
-        raise AssertionError(f"cannot parse source: {exc}") from None
+        major, minor = sys.version_info[:2]
+        raise AssertionError(
+            f"cannot use --safe with this file; failed to parse source file "
+            f"with Python {major}.{minor}'s builtin AST. Re-run with --fast "
+            f"or stop using deprecated Python 2 syntax. AST error message: {exc}"
+        )
 
     try:
         dst_ast = ast.parse(dst)
@@ -1416,7 +1708,7 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
         raise AssertionError(
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced invalid code: {exc}. "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "
-            f"This invalid output might be helpful: {log}",
+            f"This invalid output might be helpful: {log}"
         ) from None
 
     src_ast_str = '\n'.join(_v(src_ast))
@@ -1427,7 +1719,7 @@ def assert_equivalent(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced code that is not equivalent to "
             f"the source.  "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "
-            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}",
+            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}"
         ) from None
 
 
@@ -1446,7 +1738,7 @@ def assert_stable(src: str, dst: str, line_length: int) -> None:
             f"INTERNAL ERROR: Black produced different code on the second pass "
             f"of the formatter.  "
             f"Please report a bug on https://github.com/ambv/black/issues.  "
-            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}",
+            f"This diff might be helpful: {log}"
         ) from None