Introduce "project root" as a concept

[etc/vim.git] / README.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e192826c6475fd940095b0999a21d1861eca84ed..8a708832b1d520f37b1eaf0824b6adefe5471039 100644 (file)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -26,8 +26,23 @@ content instead.
 *Black* makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs
 possible.
 
 *Black* makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs
 possible.
 

+---

 
 

-## Installation and Usage
+*Contents:* **[Installation and usage](#installation-and-usage)** |
+**[The *Black* code style](#the-black-code-style)** |
+**[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** |
+**[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** |
+**[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** |
+**[Testimonials](#testimonials)** |
+**[Show your style](#show-your-style)** |
+**[License](#license)** |
+**[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** |
+**[Change Log](#change-log)** |
+**[Authors](#authors)**
+
+---
+
+## Installation and usage

 
 ### Installation
 
 
 ### Installation
 


@@ -53,6 +68,15 @@ black [OPTIONS] [SRC]...
 
 Options:
   -l, --line-length INTEGER   Where to wrap around.  [default: 88]
 
 Options:
   -l, --line-length INTEGER   Where to wrap around.  [default: 88]

+  --py36                      Allow using Python 3.6-only syntax on all input
+                              files.  This will put trailing commas in function
+                              signatures and calls also after *args and
+                              **kwargs.  [default: per-file auto-detection]
+  --pyi                       Format all input files like typing stubs
+                              regardless of file extension (useful when piping
+                              source on standard input).
+  -S, --skip-string-normalization
+                              Don't normalize string quotes or prefixes.

   --check                     Don't write the files back, just return the
                               status.  Return code 0 means nothing would
                               change.  Return code 1 means some files would be
   --check                     Don't write the files back, just return the
                               status.  Return code 0 means nothing would
                               change.  Return code 1 means some files would be


@@ -62,6 +86,16 @@ Options:
                               for each file on stdout.
   --fast / --safe             If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks.
                               [default: --safe]
                               for each file on stdout.
   --fast / --safe             If --fast given, skip temporary sanity checks.
                               [default: --safe]

+  --include TEXT              A regular expression that matches files and
+                              directories that should be included on
+                              recursive searches. On Windows, use forward
+                              slashes for directories.  [default: \.pyi?$]
+  --exclude TEXT              A regular expression that matches files and
+                              directories that should be excluded on
+                              recursive searches. On Windows, use forward
+                              slashes for directories.  [default:
+                              build/|buck-out/|dist/|_build/|\.git/|\.hg/|
+                              \.mypy_cache/|\.tox/|\.venv/]

   -q, --quiet                 Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. Errors
                               are still emitted, silence those with
                               2>/dev/null.
   -q, --quiet                 Don't emit non-error messages to stderr. Errors
                               are still emitted, silence those with
                               2>/dev/null.


@@ -78,14 +112,16 @@ Options:
   used).
 
 
   used).
 
 

-### NOTE: This is an early pre-release
+### NOTE: This is a beta product

 
 

-*Black* can already successfully format itself and the standard library.
+*Black* is already successfully used by several projects, small and big.

 It also sports a decent test suite.  However, it is still very new.
 Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the
 It also sports a decent test suite.  However, it is still very new.
 Things will probably be wonky for a while. This is made explicit by the

-"Alpha" trove classifier, as well as by the "a" in the version number.
+"Beta" trove classifier, as well as by the "b" in the version number.

 What this means for you is that **until the formatter becomes stable,
 What this means for you is that **until the formatter becomes stable,

-you should expect some formatting to change in the future**.
+you should expect some formatting to change in the future**.  That being
+said, no drastic stylistic changes are planned, mostly responses to bug
+reports.

 
 Also, as a temporary safety measure, *Black* will check that the
 reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the
 
 Also, as a temporary safety measure, *Black* will check that the
 reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is equivalent to the


@@ -131,13 +167,13 @@ brackets and put that in a separate indented line.
 ```py3
 # in:
 
 ```py3
 # in:
 

-l = [[n for n in list_bosses()], [n for n in list_employees()]]
+TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals)

 
 # out:
 
 
 # out:
 

-l = [
-    [n for n in list_bosses()], [n for n in list_employees()]
-]
+TracebackException.from_exception(
+    exc, limit, lookup_lines, capture_locals
+)

 ```
 
 If that still doesn't fit the bill, it will decompose the internal
 ```
 
 If that still doesn't fit the bill, it will decompose the internal


@@ -176,14 +212,30 @@ between two distinct sections of the code that otherwise share the same
 indentation level (like the arguments list and the docstring in the
 example above).
 
 indentation level (like the arguments list and the docstring in the
 example above).
 

-If a line of "from" imports cannot fit in the allotted length, it's always split
-into one per line.  Imports tend to change often and this minimizes diffs, as well
-as enables readers of code to easily find which commit introduced a particular
-import.  This exception also makes *Black* compatible with
-[isort](https://pypi.org/p/isort/).  Use `multi_line_output=3`,
-`include_trailing_comma=True`, `force_grid_wrap=0`, and `line_length=88` in your
-isort config.
+If a data structure literal (tuple, list, set, dict) or a line of "from"
+imports cannot fit in the allotted length, it's always split into one
+element per line.  This minimizes diffs as well as enables readers of
+code to find which commit introduced a particular entry.  This also
+makes *Black* compatible with [isort](https://pypi.org/p/isort/) with
+the following configuration.
+
+<details>
+<summary>A compatible `.isort.cfg`</summary>
+
+```
+[settings]
+multi_line_output=3
+include_trailing_comma=True
+force_grid_wrap=0
+combine_as_imports=True
+line_length=88
+```

 
 

+The equivalent command line is:
+```
+$ isort --multi-line=3 --trailing-comma --force-grid-wrap=0 --combine-as --line-width=88 [ file.py ]
+```
+</details>

 
 ### Line length
 
 
 ### Line length
 


@@ -235,9 +287,17 @@ are always reformatted to fit minimal space, this whitespace is lost.
 
 It will also insert proper spacing before and after function definitions.
 It's one line before and after inner functions and two lines before and
 
 It will also insert proper spacing before and after function definitions.
 It's one line before and after inner functions and two lines before and

-after module-level functions.  *Black* will not put empty lines between
-function/class definitions and standalone comments that immediately precede
-the given function/class.
+after module-level functions and classes.  *Black* will not put empty
+lines between function/class definitions and standalone comments that
+immediately precede the given function/class.
+
+*Black* will enforce single empty lines between a class-level docstring
+and the first following field or method.  This conforms to
+[PEP 257](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/#multi-line-docstrings).
+
+*Black* won't insert empty lines after function docstrings unless that
+empty line is required due to an inner function starting immediately
+after.

 
 
 ### Trailing commas
 
 
 ### Trailing commas


@@ -268,6 +328,7 @@ if you'd like a trailing comma in this situation and *Black* didn't
 recognize it was safe to do so, put it there manually and *Black* will
 keep it.
 
 recognize it was safe to do so, put it there manually and *Black* will
 keep it.
 

+

 ### Strings
 
 *Black* prefers double quotes (`"` and `"""`) over single quotes (`'`
 ### Strings
 
 *Black* prefers double quotes (`"` and `"""`) over single quotes (`'`


@@ -297,7 +358,14 @@ a bit easier than double quotes.  The latter requires use of the Shift
 key.  My recommendation here is to keep using whatever is faster to type
 and let *Black* handle the transformation.
 
 key.  My recommendation here is to keep using whatever is faster to type
 and let *Black* handle the transformation.
 

-### Line Breaks & Binary Operators
+If you are adopting *Black* in a large project with pre-existing string
+conventions (like the popular ["single quotes for data, double quotes for
+human-readable strings"](https://stackoverflow.com/a/56190)), you can
+pass `--skip-string-normalization` on the command line.  This is meant as
+an adoption helper, avoid using this for new projects.
+
+
+### Line breaks & binary operators

 
 *Black* will break a line before a binary operator when splitting a block
 of code over multiple lines. This is so that *Black* is compliant with the
 
 *Black* will break a line before a binary operator when splitting a block
 of code over multiple lines. This is so that *Black* is compliant with the


@@ -308,6 +376,7 @@ This behaviour may raise ``W503 line break before binary operator`` warnings in
 style guide enforcement tools like Flake8. Since ``W503`` is not PEP 8 compliant,
 you should tell Flake8 to ignore these warnings.
 
 style guide enforcement tools like Flake8. Since ``W503`` is not PEP 8 compliant,
 you should tell Flake8 to ignore these warnings.
 

+

 ### Slices
 
 PEP 8 [recommends](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#whitespace-in-expressions-and-statements)
 ### Slices
 
 PEP 8 [recommends](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#whitespace-in-expressions-and-statements)


@@ -321,6 +390,7 @@ This behaviour may raise ``E203 whitespace before ':'`` warnings in style guide
 enforcement tools like Flake8. Since ``E203`` is not PEP 8 compliant, you should
 tell Flake8 to ignore these warnings.
 
 enforcement tools like Flake8. Since ``E203`` is not PEP 8 compliant, you should
 tell Flake8 to ignore these warnings.
 

+

 ### Parentheses
 
 Some parentheses are optional in the Python grammar.  Any expression can
 ### Parentheses
 
 Some parentheses are optional in the Python grammar.  Any expression can


@@ -354,11 +424,12 @@ return not (this or that)
 decision = (maybe.this() and values > 0) or (maybe.that() and values < 0)
 ```
 
 decision = (maybe.this() and values > 0) or (maybe.that() and values < 0)
 ```
 

+

 ### Call chains
 
 Some popular APIs, like ORMs, use call chaining.  This API style is known
 as a [fluent interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface).
 ### Call chains
 
 Some popular APIs, like ORMs, use call chaining.  This API style is known
 as a [fluent interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface).

-*Black* formats those treating dots that follow a call or an indexing
+*Black* formats those by treating dots that follow a call or an indexing

 operation like a very low priority delimiter.  It's easier to show the
 behavior than to explain it.  Look at the example:
 ```py3
 operation like a very low priority delimiter.  It's easier to show the
 behavior than to explain it.  Look at the example:
 ```py3


@@ -374,6 +445,7 @@ def example(session):
     )
 ```
 
     )
 ```
 

+

 ### Typing stub files
 
 PEP 484 describes the syntax for type hints in Python.  One of the
 ### Typing stub files
 
 PEP 484 describes the syntax for type hints in Python.  One of the


@@ -423,19 +495,25 @@ Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken).
 
 1. Install `black`.
 
 
 1. Install `black`.
 

-        $ pip install black
+```console
+$ pip install black
+```

 
 2. Locate your `black` installation folder.
 
 
 2. Locate your `black` installation folder.
 

-  On MacOS / Linux / BSD:
+  On macOS / Linux / BSD:

 
 

-        $ which black
-        /usr/local/bin/black  # possible location
+```console
+$ which black
+/usr/local/bin/black  # possible location
+```

 
   On Windows:
 
 
   On Windows:
 

-        $ where black
-        %LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe  # possible location
+```console
+$ where black
+%LocalAppData%\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\black.exe  # possible location
+```

 
 3. Open External tools in PyCharm with `File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools`.
 
 
 3. Open External tools in PyCharm with `File -> Settings -> Tools -> External Tools`.
 


@@ -446,7 +524,7 @@ Use [proofit404/blacken](https://github.com/proofit404/blacken).
     - Arguments: $FilePath$
 
 5. Format the currently opened file by selecting `Tools -> External Tools -> black`.
     - Arguments: $FilePath$
 
 5. Format the currently opened file by selecting `Tools -> External Tools -> black`.

-    - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences -> Keymap`.
+    - Alternatively, you can set a keyboard shortcut by navigating to `Preferences -> Keymap -> External Tools -> External Tools - Black`.

 
 
 ### Vim
 
 
 ### Vim


@@ -492,9 +570,15 @@ install *Black* (for example you want to run a version from master),
 create a virtualenv manually and point `g:black_virtualenv` to it.
 The plugin will use it.
 
 create a virtualenv manually and point `g:black_virtualenv` to it.
 The plugin will use it.
 

+To run *Black* on save, add the following line to `.vimrc` or `init.vim`:
+
+```
+autocmd BufWritePost *.py execute ':Black'
+```
+

 **How to get Vim with Python 3.6?**
 On Ubuntu 17.10 Vim comes with Python 3.6 by default.
 **How to get Vim with Python 3.6?**
 On Ubuntu 17.10 Vim comes with Python 3.6 by default.

-On macOS with HomeBrew run: `brew install vim --with-python3`.
+On macOS with Homebrew run: `brew install vim --with-python3`.

 When building Vim from source, use:
 `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how
 to do this.
 When building Vim from source, use:
 `./configure --enable-python3interp=yes`. There's many guides online how
 to do this.


@@ -504,14 +588,17 @@ to do this.
 
 Use [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode).
 
 
 Use [joslarson.black-vscode](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=joslarson.black-vscode).
 

+

 ### SublimeText 3
 
 Use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack).
 
 ### SublimeText 3
 
 Use [sublack plugin](https://github.com/jgirardet/sublack).
 

+

 ### IPython Notebook Magic
 
 Use [blackcellmagic](https://github.com/csurfer/blackcellmagic).
 
 ### IPython Notebook Magic
 
 Use [blackcellmagic](https://github.com/csurfer/blackcellmagic).
 

+

 ### Other editors
 
 Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will
 ### Other editors
 
 Atom/Nuclide integration is planned by the author, others will


@@ -540,20 +627,20 @@ repos:
     hooks:
     - id: black
       args: [--line-length=88, --safe]
     hooks:
     - id: black
       args: [--line-length=88, --safe]

-      python_version: python3.6
+      language_version: python3.6

 ```
 Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go.
 
 `args` in the above config is optional but shows you how you can change
 the line length if you really need to.  If you're already using Python
 ```
 Then run `pre-commit install` and you're ready to go.
 
 `args` in the above config is optional but shows you how you can change
 the line length if you really need to.  If you're already using Python

-3.7, switch the `python_version` accordingly. Finally, `stable` is a tag
+3.7, switch the `language_version` accordingly. Finally, `stable` is a tag

 that is pinned to the latest release on PyPI.  If you'd rather run on
 master, this is also an option.
 
 
 that is pinned to the latest release on PyPI.  If you'd rather run on
 master, this is also an option.
 
 

-## Ignoring non-modified files
+## Ignoring unmodified files

 
 

-*Black* remembers files it already formatted, unless the `--diff` flag is used or
+*Black* remembers files it has already formatted, unless the `--diff` flag is used or

 code is passed via standard input. This information is stored per-user. The exact
 location of the file depends on the black version and the system on which black
 is run. The file is non-portable. The standard location on common operating systems
 code is passed via standard input. This information is stored per-user. The exact
 location of the file depends on the black version and the system on which black
 is run. The file is non-portable. The standard location on common operating systems


@@ -619,9 +706,56 @@ More details can be found in [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 ## Change Log
 
 
 ## Change Log
 

-### 18.5a0 (unreleased)
+### 18.6b0
+
+* added `--include` and `--exclude` (#270)
+
+* added `--skip-string-normalization` (#118)
+
+* fixed stdin handling not working correctly if an old version of Click was
+  used (#276)
+
+
+### 18.5b1
+
+* added `--pyi` (#249)
+
+* added `--py36` (#249)
+
+* Python grammar pickle caches are stored with the formatting caches, making
+  *Black* work in environments where site-packages is not user-writable (#192)

 
 

-* call chains are now formatted according to the [fluent interfaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface) style (#67)
+* *Black* now enforces a PEP 257 empty line after a class-level docstring
+  (and/or fields) and the first method
+
+* fixed invalid code produced when standalone comments were present in a trailer
+  that was omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#237)
+
+* fixed optional parentheses being removed within `# fmt: off` sections (#224)
+
+* fixed invalid code produced when stars in very long imports were incorrectly
+  wrapped in optional parentheses (#234)
+
+* fixed unstable formatting when inline comments were moved around in
+  a trailer that was omitted from line splitting on a large expression
+  (#238)
+
+* fixed extra empty line between a class declaration and the first
+  method if no class docstring or fields are present (#219)
+
+* fixed extra empty line between a function signature and an inner
+  function or inner class (#196)
+
+
+### 18.5b0
+
+* call chains are now formatted according to the
+  [fluent interfaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface)
+  style (#67)
+
+* data structure literals (tuples, lists, dictionaries, and sets) are
+  now also always exploded like imports when they don't fit in a single
+  line (#152)

 
 * slices are now formatted according to PEP 8 (#178)
 
 
 * slices are now formatted according to PEP 8 (#178)
 


@@ -870,7 +1004,24 @@ Multiple contributions by:
 * [Ivan Katanić](mailto:ivan.katanic@gmail.com)
 * [Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com)
 * [Jonas Obrist](mailto:ojiidotch@gmail.com)
 * [Ivan Katanić](mailto:ivan.katanic@gmail.com)
 * [Jelle Zijlstra](mailto:jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com)
 * [Jonas Obrist](mailto:ojiidotch@gmail.com)

+* [Luka Sterbic](mailto:luka.sterbic@gmail.com)

 * [Miguel Gaiowski](mailto:miggaiowski@gmail.com)
 * [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com)
 * [Miguel Gaiowski](mailto:miggaiowski@gmail.com)
 * [Osaetin Daniel](mailto:osaetindaniel@gmail.com)

+* [Stavros Korokithakis](mailto:hi@stavros.io)

 * [Sunil Kapil](mailto:snlkapil@gmail.com)
 * [Vishwas B Sharma](mailto:sharma.vishwas88@gmail.com)
 * [Sunil Kapil](mailto:snlkapil@gmail.com)
 * [Vishwas B Sharma](mailto:sharma.vishwas88@gmail.com)

+
+---
+
+*Contents:*
+**[Installation and Usage](#installation-and-usage)** |
+**[The *Black* code style](#the-black-code-style)** |
+**[Editor integration](#editor-integration)** |
+**[Version control integration](#version-control-integration)** |
+**[Ignoring unmodified files](#ignoring-unmodified-files)** |
+**[Testimonials](#testimonials)** |
+**[Show your style](#show-your-style)** |
+**[License](#license)** |
+**[Contributing](#contributing-to-black)** |
+**[Change Log](#change-log)** |
+**[Authors](#authors)**