Document the future style changes introduced in #3489 and #3440 (#3541)

[etc/vim.git] / src / black / linegen.py

diff --git a/src/black/linegen.py b/src/black/linegen.py
index 2e16b6fde4457d24c06992a57d1324e63675d9e4..7afb1733939d6d0472663b371c88f8a5cc435bda 100644 (file)
--- a/src/black/linegen.py
+++ b/src/black/linegen.py
@@ -1,35 +1,77 @@
 """
 Generating lines of code.
 """
 """
 Generating lines of code.
 """

-from functools import partial, wraps

 import sys
 import sys

-from typing import Collection, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Union
-
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-
-from black.nodes import WHITESPACE, STATEMENT, STANDALONE_COMMENT
-from black.nodes import ASSIGNMENTS, OPENING_BRACKETS, CLOSING_BRACKETS
-from black.nodes import Visitor, syms, first_child_is_arith, ensure_visible
-from black.nodes import is_docstring, is_empty_tuple, is_one_tuple, is_one_tuple_between
-from black.nodes import is_walrus_assignment, is_yield, is_vararg, is_multiline_string
-from black.nodes import is_stub_suite, is_stub_body, is_atom_with_invisible_parens
-from black.nodes import wrap_in_parentheses
-from black.brackets import max_delimiter_priority_in_atom
-from black.brackets import DOT_PRIORITY, COMMA_PRIORITY
-from black.lines import Line, line_to_string, is_line_short_enough
-from black.lines import can_omit_invisible_parens, can_be_split, append_leaves
-from black.comments import generate_comments, list_comments, FMT_OFF
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from typing import Collection, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Union, cast
+
+from black.brackets import (
+    COMMA_PRIORITY,
+    DOT_PRIORITY,
+    get_leaves_inside_matching_brackets,
+    max_delimiter_priority_in_atom,
+)
+from black.comments import FMT_OFF, generate_comments, list_comments
+from black.lines import (
+    Line,
+    append_leaves,
+    can_be_split,
+    can_omit_invisible_parens,
+    is_line_short_enough,
+    line_to_string,
+)
+from black.mode import Feature, Mode, Preview
+from black.nodes import (
+    ASSIGNMENTS,
+    BRACKETS,
+    CLOSING_BRACKETS,
+    OPENING_BRACKETS,
+    RARROW,
+    STANDALONE_COMMENT,
+    STATEMENT,
+    WHITESPACE,
+    Visitor,
+    ensure_visible,
+    is_arith_like,
+    is_atom_with_invisible_parens,
+    is_docstring,
+    is_empty_tuple,
+    is_lpar_token,
+    is_multiline_string,
+    is_name_token,
+    is_one_sequence_between,
+    is_one_tuple,
+    is_rpar_token,
+    is_stub_body,
+    is_stub_suite,
+    is_tuple_containing_walrus,
+    is_vararg,
+    is_walrus_assignment,
+    is_yield,
+    syms,
+    wrap_in_parentheses,
+)

 from black.numerics import normalize_numeric_literal
 from black.numerics import normalize_numeric_literal

-from black.strings import get_string_prefix, fix_docstring
-from black.strings import normalize_string_prefix, normalize_string_quotes
-from black.trans import Transformer, CannotTransform, StringMerger
-from black.trans import StringSplitter, StringParenWrapper, StringParenStripper
-from black.mode import Mode
-from black.mode import Feature
-
-from blib2to3.pytree import Node, Leaf
+from black.strings import (
+    fix_docstring,
+    get_string_prefix,
+    normalize_string_prefix,
+    normalize_string_quotes,
+    normalize_unicode_escape_sequences,
+)
+from black.trans import (
+    CannotTransform,
+    StringMerger,
+    StringParenStripper,
+    StringParenWrapper,
+    StringSplitter,
+    Transformer,
+    hug_power_op,
+)

 from blib2to3.pgen2 import token
 from blib2to3.pgen2 import token

-
+from blib2to3.pytree import Leaf, Node

 
 # types
 LeafID = int
 
 # types
 LeafID = int


@@ -40,7 +82,8 @@ class CannotSplit(CannotTransform):
     """A readable split that fits the allotted line length is impossible."""
 
 
     """A readable split that fits the allotted line length is impossible."""
 
 

-@dataclass
+# This isn't a dataclass because @dataclass + Generic breaks mypyc.
+# See also https://github.com/mypyc/mypyc/issues/827.

 class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     """Generates reformatted Line objects.  Empty lines are not emitted.
 
 class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     """Generates reformatted Line objects.  Empty lines are not emitted.
 


@@ -48,9 +91,11 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """
 
     in ways that will no longer stringify to valid Python code on the tree.
     """
 

-    mode: Mode
-    remove_u_prefix: bool = False
-    current_line: Line = field(init=False)
+    def __init__(self, mode: Mode, features: Collection[Feature]) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.features = features
+        self.current_line: Line
+        self.__post_init__()

 
     def line(self, indent: int = 0) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Generate a line.
 
     def line(self, indent: int = 0) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Generate a line.


@@ -90,9 +135,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
 
             normalize_prefix(node, inside_brackets=any_open_brackets)
             if self.mode.string_normalization and node.type == token.STRING:
 
             normalize_prefix(node, inside_brackets=any_open_brackets)
             if self.mode.string_normalization and node.type == token.STRING:

-                node.value = normalize_string_prefix(
-                    node.value, remove_u_prefix=self.remove_u_prefix
-                )
+                node.value = normalize_string_prefix(node.value)

                 node.value = normalize_string_quotes(node.value)
             if node.type == token.NUMBER:
                 normalize_numeric_literal(node)
                 node.value = normalize_string_quotes(node.value)
             if node.type == token.NUMBER:
                 normalize_numeric_literal(node)


@@ -100,6 +143,22 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
                 self.current_line.append(node)
         yield from super().visit_default(node)
 
                 self.current_line.append(node)
         yield from super().visit_default(node)
 

+    def visit_test(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        """Visit an `x if y else z` test"""
+
+        if Preview.parenthesize_conditional_expressions in self.mode:
+            already_parenthesized = (
+                node.prev_sibling and node.prev_sibling.type == token.LPAR
+            )
+
+            if not already_parenthesized:
+                lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "")
+                rpar = Leaf(token.RPAR, "")
+                node.insert_child(0, lpar)
+                node.append_child(rpar)
+
+        yield from self.visit_default(node)
+

     def visit_INDENT(self, node: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Increase indentation level, maybe yield a line."""
         # In blib2to3 INDENT never holds comments.
     def visit_INDENT(self, node: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Increase indentation level, maybe yield a line."""
         # In blib2to3 INDENT never holds comments.


@@ -126,7 +185,7 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         """Visit a statement.
 
         This implementation is shared for `if`, `while`, `for`, `try`, `except`,
         """Visit a statement.
 
         This implementation is shared for `if`, `while`, `for`, `try`, `except`,

-        `def`, `with`, `class`, `assert` and assignments.
+        `def`, `with`, `class`, `assert`, and assignments.

 
         The relevant Python language `keywords` for a given statement will be
         NAME leaves within it. This methods puts those on a separate line.
 
         The relevant Python language `keywords` for a given statement will be
         NAME leaves within it. This methods puts those on a separate line.


@@ -134,13 +193,66 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immediately after which
         invisible parens should be put.
         """
         `parens` holds a set of string leaf values immediately after which
         invisible parens should be put.
         """

-        normalize_invisible_parens(node, parens_after=parens)
+        normalize_invisible_parens(
+            node, parens_after=parens, mode=self.mode, features=self.features
+        )

         for child in node.children:
         for child in node.children:

-            if child.type == token.NAME and child.value in keywords:  # type: ignore
+            if is_name_token(child) and child.value in keywords:

                 yield from self.line()
 
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
                 yield from self.line()
 
             yield from self.visit(child)
 

+    def visit_dictsetmaker(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        if Preview.wrap_long_dict_values_in_parens in self.mode:
+            for i, child in enumerate(node.children):
+                if i == 0:
+                    continue
+                if node.children[i - 1].type == token.COLON:
+                    if child.type == syms.atom and child.children[0].type == token.LPAR:
+                        if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+                            child,
+                            parent=node,
+                            remove_brackets_around_comma=False,
+                        ):
+                            wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+                    else:
+                        wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+        yield from self.visit_default(node)
+
+    def visit_funcdef(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        """Visit function definition."""
+        yield from self.line()
+
+        # Remove redundant brackets around return type annotation.
+        is_return_annotation = False
+        for child in node.children:
+            if child.type == token.RARROW:
+                is_return_annotation = True
+            elif is_return_annotation:
+                if child.type == syms.atom and child.children[0].type == token.LPAR:
+                    if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+                        child,
+                        parent=node,
+                        remove_brackets_around_comma=False,
+                    ):
+                        wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+                else:
+                    wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+                is_return_annotation = False
+
+        for child in node.children:
+            yield from self.visit(child)
+
+    def visit_match_case(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        """Visit either a match or case statement."""
+        normalize_invisible_parens(
+            node, parens_after=set(), mode=self.mode, features=self.features
+        )
+
+        yield from self.line()
+        for child in node.children:
+            yield from self.visit(child)
+

     def visit_suite(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Visit a suite."""
         if self.mode.is_pyi and is_stub_suite(node):
     def visit_suite(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Visit a suite."""
         if self.mode.is_pyi and is_stub_suite(node):


@@ -150,8 +262,12 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
 
     def visit_simple_stmt(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Visit a statement without nested statements."""
 
     def visit_simple_stmt(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Visit a statement without nested statements."""

-        if first_child_is_arith(node):
-            wrap_in_parentheses(node, node.children[0], visible=False)
+        prev_type: Optional[int] = None
+        for child in node.children:
+            if (prev_type is None or prev_type == token.SEMI) and is_arith_like(child):
+                wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+            prev_type = child.type
+

         is_suite_like = node.parent and node.parent.type in STATEMENT
         if is_suite_like:
             if self.mode.is_pyi and is_stub_body(node):
         is_suite_like = node.parent and node.parent.type in STATEMENT
         if is_suite_like:
             if self.mode.is_pyi and is_stub_body(node):


@@ -178,7 +294,9 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         for child in children:
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
         for child in children:
             yield from self.visit(child)
 

-            if child.type == token.ASYNC:
+            if child.type == token.ASYNC or child.type == STANDALONE_COMMENT:
+                # STANDALONE_COMMENT happens when `# fmt: skip` is applied on the async
+                # line.

                 break
 
         internal_stmt = next(children)
                 break
 
         internal_stmt = next(children)


@@ -191,6 +309,30 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
             yield from self.line()
             yield from self.visit(child)
 
             yield from self.line()
             yield from self.visit(child)
 

+    def visit_power(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        for idx, leaf in enumerate(node.children[:-1]):
+            next_leaf = node.children[idx + 1]
+
+            if not isinstance(leaf, Leaf):
+                continue
+
+            value = leaf.value.lower()
+            if (
+                leaf.type == token.NUMBER
+                and next_leaf.type == syms.trailer
+                # Ensure that we are in an attribute trailer
+                and next_leaf.children[0].type == token.DOT
+                # It shouldn't wrap hexadecimal, binary and octal literals
+                and not value.startswith(("0x", "0b", "0o"))
+                # It shouldn't wrap complex literals
+                and "j" not in value
+            ):
+                wrap_in_parentheses(node, leaf)
+
+        remove_await_parens(node)
+
+        yield from self.visit_default(node)
+

     def visit_SEMI(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Remove a semicolon and put the other statement on a separate line."""
         yield from self.line()
     def visit_SEMI(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Remove a semicolon and put the other statement on a separate line."""
         yield from self.line()


@@ -223,11 +365,25 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         yield from self.visit_default(node)
 
     def visit_STRING(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:
         yield from self.visit_default(node)
 
     def visit_STRING(self, leaf: Leaf) -> Iterator[Line]:

+        if Preview.hex_codes_in_unicode_sequences in self.mode:
+            normalize_unicode_escape_sequences(leaf)
+

         if is_docstring(leaf) and "\\\n" not in leaf.value:
             # We're ignoring docstrings with backslash newline escapes because changing
             # indentation of those changes the AST representation of the code.
         if is_docstring(leaf) and "\\\n" not in leaf.value:
             # We're ignoring docstrings with backslash newline escapes because changing
             # indentation of those changes the AST representation of the code.

-            prefix = get_string_prefix(leaf.value)
-            docstring = leaf.value[len(prefix) :]  # Remove the prefix
+            if self.mode.string_normalization:
+                docstring = normalize_string_prefix(leaf.value)
+                # visit_default() does handle string normalization for us, but
+                # since this method acts differently depending on quote style (ex.
+                # see padding logic below), there's a possibility for unstable
+                # formatting as visit_default() is called *after*. To avoid a
+                # situation where this function formats a docstring differently on
+                # the second pass, normalize it early.
+                docstring = normalize_string_quotes(docstring)
+            else:
+                docstring = leaf.value
+            prefix = get_string_prefix(docstring)
+            docstring = docstring[len(prefix) :]  # Remove the prefix

             quote_char = docstring[0]
             # A natural way to remove the outer quotes is to do:
             #   docstring = docstring.strip(quote_char)
             quote_char = docstring[0]
             # A natural way to remove the outer quotes is to do:
             #   docstring = docstring.strip(quote_char)


@@ -236,13 +392,15 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
             # characters but only if they are the same as the first.
             quote_len = 1 if docstring[1] != quote_char else 3
             docstring = docstring[quote_len:-quote_len]
             # characters but only if they are the same as the first.
             quote_len = 1 if docstring[1] != quote_char else 3
             docstring = docstring[quote_len:-quote_len]

+            docstring_started_empty = not docstring
+            indent = " " * 4 * self.current_line.depth

 
             if is_multiline_string(leaf):
 
             if is_multiline_string(leaf):

-                indent = " " * 4 * self.current_line.depth

                 docstring = fix_docstring(docstring, indent)
             else:
                 docstring = docstring.strip()
 
                 docstring = fix_docstring(docstring, indent)
             else:
                 docstring = docstring.strip()
 

+            has_trailing_backslash = False

             if docstring:
                 # Add some padding if the docstring starts / ends with a quote mark.
                 if docstring[0] == quote_char:
             if docstring:
                 # Add some padding if the docstring starts / ends with a quote mark.
                 if docstring[0] == quote_char:


@@ -255,13 +413,37 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
                         # Odd number of tailing backslashes, add some padding to
                         # avoid escaping the closing string quote.
                         docstring += " "
                         # Odd number of tailing backslashes, add some padding to
                         # avoid escaping the closing string quote.
                         docstring += " "

-            else:
-                # Add some padding if the docstring is empty.
+                        has_trailing_backslash = True
+            elif not docstring_started_empty:

                 docstring = " "
 
             # We could enforce triple quotes at this point.
             quote = quote_char * quote_len
                 docstring = " "
 
             # We could enforce triple quotes at this point.
             quote = quote_char * quote_len

-            leaf.value = prefix + quote + docstring + quote
+
+            # It's invalid to put closing single-character quotes on a new line.
+            if self.mode and quote_len == 3:
+                # We need to find the length of the last line of the docstring
+                # to find if we can add the closing quotes to the line without
+                # exceeding the maximum line length.
+                # If docstring is one line, we don't put the closing quotes on a
+                # separate line because it looks ugly (#3320).
+                lines = docstring.splitlines()
+                last_line_length = len(lines[-1]) if docstring else 0
+
+                # If adding closing quotes would cause the last line to exceed
+                # the maximum line length then put a line break before the
+                # closing quotes
+                if (
+                    len(lines) > 1
+                    and last_line_length + quote_len > self.mode.line_length
+                    and len(indent) + quote_len <= self.mode.line_length
+                    and not has_trailing_backslash
+                ):
+                    leaf.value = prefix + quote + docstring + "\n" + indent + quote
+                else:
+                    leaf.value = prefix + quote + docstring + quote
+            else:
+                leaf.value = prefix + quote + docstring + quote

 
         yield from self.visit_default(leaf)
 
 
         yield from self.visit_default(leaf)
 


@@ -280,9 +462,8 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         self.visit_try_stmt = partial(
             v, keywords={"try", "except", "else", "finally"}, parens=Ø
         )
         self.visit_try_stmt = partial(
             v, keywords={"try", "except", "else", "finally"}, parens=Ø
         )

-        self.visit_except_clause = partial(v, keywords={"except"}, parens=Ø)
-        self.visit_with_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"with"}, parens=Ø)
-        self.visit_funcdef = partial(v, keywords={"def"}, parens=Ø)
+        self.visit_except_clause = partial(v, keywords={"except"}, parens={"except"})
+        self.visit_with_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"with"}, parens={"with"})

         self.visit_classdef = partial(v, keywords={"class"}, parens=Ø)
         self.visit_expr_stmt = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens=ASSIGNMENTS)
         self.visit_return_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"return"}, parens={"return"})
         self.visit_classdef = partial(v, keywords={"class"}, parens=Ø)
         self.visit_expr_stmt = partial(v, keywords=Ø, parens=ASSIGNMENTS)
         self.visit_return_stmt = partial(v, keywords={"return"}, parens={"return"})


@@ -291,6 +472,10 @@ class LineGenerator(Visitor[Line]):
         self.visit_async_funcdef = self.visit_async_stmt
         self.visit_decorated = self.visit_decorators
 
         self.visit_async_funcdef = self.visit_async_stmt
         self.visit_decorated = self.visit_decorators
 

+        # PEP 634
+        self.visit_match_stmt = self.visit_match_case
+        self.visit_case_block = self.visit_match_case
+

 
 def transform_line(
     line: Line, mode: Mode, features: Collection[Feature] = ()
 
 def transform_line(
     line: Line, mode: Mode, features: Collection[Feature] = ()


@@ -326,7 +511,7 @@ def transform_line(
         and not (line.inside_brackets and line.contains_standalone_comments())
     ):
         # Only apply basic string preprocessing, since lines shouldn't be split here.
         and not (line.inside_brackets and line.contains_standalone_comments())
     ):
         # Only apply basic string preprocessing, since lines shouldn't be split here.

-        if mode.experimental_string_processing:
+        if Preview.string_processing in mode:

             transformers = [string_merge, string_paren_strip]
         else:
             transformers = []
             transformers = [string_merge, string_paren_strip]
         else:
             transformers = []


@@ -334,7 +519,9 @@ def transform_line(
         transformers = [left_hand_split]
     else:
 
         transformers = [left_hand_split]
     else:
 

-        def rhs(line: Line, features: Collection[Feature]) -> Iterator[Line]:
+        def _rhs(
+            self: object, line: Line, features: Collection[Feature]
+        ) -> Iterator[Line]:

             """Wraps calls to `right_hand_split`.
 
             The calls increasingly `omit` right-hand trailers (bracket pairs with
             """Wraps calls to `right_hand_split`.
 
             The calls increasingly `omit` right-hand trailers (bracket pairs with


@@ -361,7 +548,13 @@ def transform_line(
                 line, line_length=mode.line_length, features=features
             )
 
                 line, line_length=mode.line_length, features=features
             )
 

-        if mode.experimental_string_processing:
+        # HACK: nested functions (like _rhs) compiled by mypyc don't retain their
+        # __name__ attribute which is needed in `run_transformer` further down.
+        # Unfortunately a nested class breaks mypyc too. So a class must be created
+        # via type ... https://github.com/mypyc/mypyc/issues/884
+        rhs = type("rhs", (), {"__call__": _rhs})()
+
+        if Preview.string_processing in mode:

             if line.inside_brackets:
                 transformers = [
                     string_merge,
             if line.inside_brackets:
                 transformers = [
                     string_merge,


@@ -385,6 +578,9 @@ def transform_line(
                 transformers = [delimiter_split, standalone_comment_split, rhs]
             else:
                 transformers = [rhs]
                 transformers = [delimiter_split, standalone_comment_split, rhs]
             else:
                 transformers = [rhs]

+    # It's always safe to attempt hugging of power operations and pretty much every line
+    # could match.
+    transformers.append(hug_power_op)

 
     for transform in transformers:
         # We are accumulating lines in `result` because we might want to abort
 
     for transform in transformers:
         # We are accumulating lines in `result` because we might want to abort


@@ -402,6 +598,12 @@ def transform_line(
         yield line
 
 
         yield line
 
 

+class _BracketSplitComponent(Enum):
+    head = auto()
+    body = auto()
+    tail = auto()
+
+

 def left_hand_split(line: Line, _features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the first matching bracket pair.
 
 def left_hand_split(line: Line, _features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator[Line]:
     """Split line into many lines, starting with the first matching bracket pair.
 


@@ -419,7 +621,10 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line, _features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator
             current_leaves is body_leaves
             and leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
             and leaf.opening_bracket is matching_bracket
             current_leaves is body_leaves
             and leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS
             and leaf.opening_bracket is matching_bracket

+            and isinstance(matching_bracket, Leaf)

         ):
         ):

+            ensure_visible(leaf)
+            ensure_visible(matching_bracket)

             current_leaves = tail_leaves if body_leaves else head_leaves
         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is head_leaves:
             current_leaves = tail_leaves if body_leaves else head_leaves
         current_leaves.append(leaf)
         if current_leaves is head_leaves:


@@ -429,15 +634,32 @@ def left_hand_split(line: Line, _features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator
     if not matching_bracket:
         raise CannotSplit("No brackets found")
 
     if not matching_bracket:
         raise CannotSplit("No brackets found")
 

-    head = bracket_split_build_line(head_leaves, line, matching_bracket)
-    body = bracket_split_build_line(body_leaves, line, matching_bracket, is_body=True)
-    tail = bracket_split_build_line(tail_leaves, line, matching_bracket)
+    head = bracket_split_build_line(
+        head_leaves, line, matching_bracket, component=_BracketSplitComponent.head
+    )
+    body = bracket_split_build_line(
+        body_leaves, line, matching_bracket, component=_BracketSplitComponent.body
+    )
+    tail = bracket_split_build_line(
+        tail_leaves, line, matching_bracket, component=_BracketSplitComponent.tail
+    )

     bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
     for result in (head, body, tail):
         if result:
             yield result
 
 
     bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
     for result in (head, body, tail):
         if result:
             yield result
 
 

+@dataclass
+class _RHSResult:
+    """Intermediate split result from a right hand split."""
+
+    head: Line
+    body: Line
+    tail: Line
+    opening_bracket: Leaf
+    closing_bracket: Leaf
+
+

 def right_hand_split(
     line: Line,
     line_length: int,
 def right_hand_split(
     line: Line,
     line_length: int,


@@ -452,6 +674,22 @@ def right_hand_split(
 
     Note: running this function modifies `bracket_depth` on the leaves of `line`.
     """
 
     Note: running this function modifies `bracket_depth` on the leaves of `line`.
     """

+    rhs_result = _first_right_hand_split(line, omit=omit)
+    yield from _maybe_split_omitting_optional_parens(
+        rhs_result, line, line_length, features=features, omit=omit
+    )
+
+
+def _first_right_hand_split(
+    line: Line,
+    omit: Collection[LeafID] = (),
+) -> _RHSResult:
+    """Split the line into head, body, tail starting with the last bracket pair.
+
+    Note: this function should not have side effects. It's relied upon by
+    _maybe_split_omitting_optional_parens to get an opinion whether to prefer
+    splitting on the right side of an assignment statement.
+    """

     tail_leaves: List[Leaf] = []
     body_leaves: List[Leaf] = []
     head_leaves: List[Leaf] = []
     tail_leaves: List[Leaf] = []
     body_leaves: List[Leaf] = []
     head_leaves: List[Leaf] = []


@@ -477,55 +715,124 @@ def right_hand_split(
     tail_leaves.reverse()
     body_leaves.reverse()
     head_leaves.reverse()
     tail_leaves.reverse()
     body_leaves.reverse()
     head_leaves.reverse()

-    head = bracket_split_build_line(head_leaves, line, opening_bracket)
-    body = bracket_split_build_line(body_leaves, line, opening_bracket, is_body=True)
-    tail = bracket_split_build_line(tail_leaves, line, opening_bracket)
+    head = bracket_split_build_line(
+        head_leaves, line, opening_bracket, component=_BracketSplitComponent.head
+    )
+    body = bracket_split_build_line(
+        body_leaves, line, opening_bracket, component=_BracketSplitComponent.body
+    )
+    tail = bracket_split_build_line(
+        tail_leaves, line, opening_bracket, component=_BracketSplitComponent.tail
+    )

     bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)
     bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head, body, tail)

+    return _RHSResult(head, body, tail, opening_bracket, closing_bracket)
+
+
+def _maybe_split_omitting_optional_parens(
+    rhs: _RHSResult,
+    line: Line,
+    line_length: int,
+    features: Collection[Feature] = (),
+    omit: Collection[LeafID] = (),
+) -> Iterator[Line]:

     if (
         Feature.FORCE_OPTIONAL_PARENTHESES not in features
         # the opening bracket is an optional paren
     if (
         Feature.FORCE_OPTIONAL_PARENTHESES not in features
         # the opening bracket is an optional paren

-        and opening_bracket.type == token.LPAR
-        and not opening_bracket.value
+        and rhs.opening_bracket.type == token.LPAR
+        and not rhs.opening_bracket.value

         # the closing bracket is an optional paren
         # the closing bracket is an optional paren

-        and closing_bracket.type == token.RPAR
-        and not closing_bracket.value
+        and rhs.closing_bracket.type == token.RPAR
+        and not rhs.closing_bracket.value

         # it's not an import (optional parens are the only thing we can split on
         # in this case; attempting a split without them is a waste of time)
         and not line.is_import
         # there are no standalone comments in the body
         # it's not an import (optional parens are the only thing we can split on
         # in this case; attempting a split without them is a waste of time)
         and not line.is_import
         # there are no standalone comments in the body

-        and not body.contains_standalone_comments(0)
+        and not rhs.body.contains_standalone_comments(0)

         # and we can actually remove the parens
         # and we can actually remove the parens

-        and can_omit_invisible_parens(body, line_length, omit_on_explode=omit)
+        and can_omit_invisible_parens(rhs.body, line_length)

     ):
     ):

-        omit = {id(closing_bracket), *omit}
+        omit = {id(rhs.closing_bracket), *omit}

         try:
         try:

-            yield from right_hand_split(line, line_length, features=features, omit=omit)
-            return
+            # The _RHSResult Omitting Optional Parens.
+            rhs_oop = _first_right_hand_split(line, omit=omit)
+            if not (
+                Preview.prefer_splitting_right_hand_side_of_assignments in line.mode
+                # the split is right after `=`
+                and len(rhs.head.leaves) >= 2
+                and rhs.head.leaves[-2].type == token.EQUAL
+                # the left side of assignement contains brackets
+                and any(leaf.type in BRACKETS for leaf in rhs.head.leaves[:-1])
+                # the left side of assignment is short enough (the -1 is for the ending
+                # optional paren)
+                and is_line_short_enough(rhs.head, line_length=line_length - 1)
+                # the left side of assignment won't explode further because of magic
+                # trailing comma
+                and rhs.head.magic_trailing_comma is None
+                # the split by omitting optional parens isn't preferred by some other
+                # reason
+                and not _prefer_split_rhs_oop(rhs_oop, line_length=line_length)
+            ):
+                yield from _maybe_split_omitting_optional_parens(
+                    rhs_oop, line, line_length, features=features, omit=omit
+                )
+                return

 
 

-        except CannotSplit:
+        except CannotSplit as e:

             if not (
             if not (

-                can_be_split(body)
-                or is_line_short_enough(body, line_length=line_length)
+                can_be_split(rhs.body)
+                or is_line_short_enough(rhs.body, line_length=line_length)

             ):
                 raise CannotSplit(
                     "Splitting failed, body is still too long and can't be split."
             ):
                 raise CannotSplit(
                     "Splitting failed, body is still too long and can't be split."

-                )
+                ) from e

 
 

-            elif head.contains_multiline_strings() or tail.contains_multiline_strings():
+            elif (
+                rhs.head.contains_multiline_strings()
+                or rhs.tail.contains_multiline_strings()
+            ):

                 raise CannotSplit(
                     "The current optional pair of parentheses is bound to fail to"
                     " satisfy the splitting algorithm because the head or the tail"
                     " contains multiline strings which by definition never fit one"
                     " line."
                 raise CannotSplit(
                     "The current optional pair of parentheses is bound to fail to"
                     " satisfy the splitting algorithm because the head or the tail"
                     " contains multiline strings which by definition never fit one"
                     " line."

-                )
+                ) from e

 
 

-    ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
-    ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
-    for result in (head, body, tail):
+    ensure_visible(rhs.opening_bracket)
+    ensure_visible(rhs.closing_bracket)
+    for result in (rhs.head, rhs.body, rhs.tail):

         if result:
             yield result
 
 
         if result:
             yield result
 
 

+def _prefer_split_rhs_oop(rhs_oop: _RHSResult, line_length: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns whether we should prefer the result from a split omitting optional parens.
+    """
+    has_closing_bracket_after_assign = False
+    for leaf in reversed(rhs_oop.head.leaves):
+        if leaf.type == token.EQUAL:
+            break
+        if leaf.type in CLOSING_BRACKETS:
+            has_closing_bracket_after_assign = True
+            break
+    return (
+        # contains matching brackets after the `=` (done by checking there is a
+        # closing bracket)
+        has_closing_bracket_after_assign
+        or (
+            # the split is actually from inside the optional parens (done by checking
+            # the first line still contains the `=`)
+            any(leaf.type == token.EQUAL for leaf in rhs_oop.head.leaves)
+            # the first line is short enough
+            and is_line_short_enough(rhs_oop.head, line_length=line_length)
+        )
+        # contains unsplittable type ignore
+        or rhs_oop.head.contains_unsplittable_type_ignore()
+        or rhs_oop.body.contains_unsplittable_type_ignore()
+        or rhs_oop.tail.contains_unsplittable_type_ignore()
+    )
+
+

 def bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head: Line, body: Line, tail: Line) -> None:
     """Raise :exc:`CannotSplit` if the last left- or right-hand split failed.
 
 def bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head: Line, body: Line, tail: Line) -> None:
     """Raise :exc:`CannotSplit` if the last left- or right-hand split failed.
 


@@ -553,15 +860,23 @@ def bracket_split_succeeded_or_raise(head: Line, body: Line, tail: Line) -> None
 
 
 def bracket_split_build_line(
 
 
 def bracket_split_build_line(

-    leaves: List[Leaf], original: Line, opening_bracket: Leaf, *, is_body: bool = False
+    leaves: List[Leaf],
+    original: Line,
+    opening_bracket: Leaf,
+    *,
+    component: _BracketSplitComponent,

 ) -> Line:
     """Return a new line with given `leaves` and respective comments from `original`.
 
 ) -> Line:
     """Return a new line with given `leaves` and respective comments from `original`.
 

-    If `is_body` is True, the result line is one-indented inside brackets and as such
-    has its first leaf's prefix normalized and a trailing comma added when expected.
+    If it's the head component, brackets will be tracked so trailing commas are
+    respected.
+
+    If it's the body component, the result line is one-indented inside brackets and as
+    such has its first leaf's prefix normalized and a trailing comma added when
+    expected.

     """
     result = Line(mode=original.mode, depth=original.depth)
     """
     result = Line(mode=original.mode, depth=original.depth)

-    if is_body:
+    if component is _BracketSplitComponent.body:

         result.inside_brackets = True
         result.depth += 1
         if leaves:
         result.inside_brackets = True
         result.depth += 1
         if leaves:


@@ -573,6 +888,20 @@ def bracket_split_build_line(
                 original.is_def
                 and opening_bracket.value == "("
                 and not any(leaf.type == token.COMMA for leaf in leaves)
                 original.is_def
                 and opening_bracket.value == "("
                 and not any(leaf.type == token.COMMA for leaf in leaves)

+                # In particular, don't add one within a parenthesized return annotation.
+                # Unfortunately the indicator we're in a return annotation (RARROW) may
+                # be defined directly in the parent node, the parent of the parent ...
+                # and so on depending on how complex the return annotation is.
+                # This isn't perfect and there's some false negatives but they are in
+                # contexts were a comma is actually fine.
+                and not any(
+                    node.prev_sibling.type == RARROW
+                    for node in (
+                        leaves[0].parent,
+                        getattr(leaves[0].parent, "parent", None),
+                    )
+                    if isinstance(node, Node) and isinstance(node.prev_sibling, Leaf)
+                )

             )
 
             if original.is_import or no_commas:
             )
 
             if original.is_import or no_commas:


@@ -585,12 +914,21 @@ def bracket_split_build_line(
                         leaves.insert(i + 1, new_comma)
                     break
 
                         leaves.insert(i + 1, new_comma)
                     break
 

+    leaves_to_track: Set[LeafID] = set()
+    if component is _BracketSplitComponent.head:
+        leaves_to_track = get_leaves_inside_matching_brackets(leaves)

     # Populate the line
     for leaf in leaves:
     # Populate the line
     for leaf in leaves:

-        result.append(leaf, preformatted=True)
+        result.append(
+            leaf,
+            preformatted=True,
+            track_bracket=id(leaf) in leaves_to_track,
+        )

         for comment_after in original.comments_after(leaf):
             result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)
         for comment_after in original.comments_after(leaf):
             result.append(comment_after, preformatted=True)

-    if is_body and should_split_line(result, opening_bracket):
+    if component is _BracketSplitComponent.body and should_split_line(
+        result, opening_bracket
+    ):

         result.should_split_rhs = True
     return result
 
         result.should_split_rhs = True
     return result
 


@@ -603,9 +941,9 @@ def dont_increase_indentation(split_func: Transformer) -> Transformer:
 
     @wraps(split_func)
     def split_wrapper(line: Line, features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator[Line]:
 
     @wraps(split_func)
     def split_wrapper(line: Line, features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator[Line]:

-        for line in split_func(line, features):
-            normalize_prefix(line.leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)
-            yield line
+        for split_line in split_func(line, features):
+            normalize_prefix(split_line.leaves[0], inside_brackets=True)
+            yield split_line

 
     return split_wrapper
 
 
     return split_wrapper
 


@@ -620,13 +958,13 @@ def delimiter_split(line: Line, features: Collection[Feature] = ()) -> Iterator[
     try:
         last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]
     except IndexError:
     try:
         last_leaf = line.leaves[-1]
     except IndexError:

-        raise CannotSplit("Line empty")
+        raise CannotSplit("Line empty") from None

 
     bt = line.bracket_tracker
     try:
         delimiter_priority = bt.max_delimiter_priority(exclude={id(last_leaf)})
     except ValueError:
 
     bt = line.bracket_tracker
     try:
         delimiter_priority = bt.max_delimiter_priority(exclude={id(last_leaf)})
     except ValueError:

-        raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found")
+        raise CannotSplit("No delimiters found") from None

 
     if delimiter_priority == DOT_PRIORITY:
         if bt.delimiter_count_with_priority(delimiter_priority) == 1:
 
     if delimiter_priority == DOT_PRIORITY:
         if bt.delimiter_count_with_priority(delimiter_priority) == 1:


@@ -740,7 +1078,9 @@ def normalize_prefix(leaf: Leaf, *, inside_brackets: bool) -> None:
     leaf.prefix = ""
 
 
     leaf.prefix = ""
 
 

-def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
+def normalize_invisible_parens(
+    node: Node, parens_after: Set[str], *, mode: Mode, features: Collection[Feature]
+) -> None:

     """Make existing optional parentheses invisible or create new ones.
 
     `parens_after` is a set of string leaf values immediately after which parens
     """Make existing optional parentheses invisible or create new ones.
 
     `parens_after` is a set of string leaf values immediately after which parens


@@ -753,12 +1093,21 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
         if pc.value in FMT_OFF:
             # This `node` has a prefix with `# fmt: off`, don't mess with parens.
             return
         if pc.value in FMT_OFF:
             # This `node` has a prefix with `# fmt: off`, don't mess with parens.
             return

+
+    # The multiple context managers grammar has a different pattern, thus this is
+    # separate from the for-loop below. This possibly wraps them in invisible parens,
+    # and later will be removed in remove_with_parens when needed.
+    if node.type == syms.with_stmt:
+        _maybe_wrap_cms_in_parens(node, mode, features)
+

     check_lpar = False
     for index, child in enumerate(list(node.children)):
         # Fixes a bug where invisible parens are not properly stripped from
         # assignment statements that contain type annotations.
         if isinstance(child, Node) and child.type == syms.annassign:
     check_lpar = False
     for index, child in enumerate(list(node.children)):
         # Fixes a bug where invisible parens are not properly stripped from
         # assignment statements that contain type annotations.
         if isinstance(child, Node) and child.type == syms.annassign:

-            normalize_invisible_parens(child, parens_after=parens_after)
+            normalize_invisible_parens(
+                child, parens_after=parens_after, mode=mode, features=features
+            )

 
         # Add parentheses around long tuple unpacking in assignments.
         if (
 
         # Add parentheses around long tuple unpacking in assignments.
         if (


@@ -769,45 +1118,212 @@ def normalize_invisible_parens(node: Node, parens_after: Set[str]) -> None:
             check_lpar = True
 
         if check_lpar:
             check_lpar = True
 
         if check_lpar:

-            if child.type == syms.atom:
-                if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(child, parent=node):
+            if (
+                child.type == syms.atom
+                and node.type == syms.for_stmt
+                and isinstance(child.prev_sibling, Leaf)
+                and child.prev_sibling.type == token.NAME
+                and child.prev_sibling.value == "for"
+            ):
+                if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+                    child,
+                    parent=node,
+                    remove_brackets_around_comma=True,
+                ):
+                    wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+            elif isinstance(child, Node) and node.type == syms.with_stmt:
+                remove_with_parens(child, node)
+            elif child.type == syms.atom:
+                if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+                    child,
+                    parent=node,
+                ):

                     wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
             elif is_one_tuple(child):
                 wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=True)
             elif node.type == syms.import_from:
                     wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
             elif is_one_tuple(child):
                 wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=True)
             elif node.type == syms.import_from:

-                # "import from" nodes store parentheses directly as part of
-                # the statement
-                if child.type == token.LPAR:
-                    # make parentheses invisible
-                    child.value = ""  # type: ignore
-                    node.children[-1].value = ""  # type: ignore
-                elif child.type != token.STAR:
-                    # insert invisible parentheses
-                    node.insert_child(index, Leaf(token.LPAR, ""))
-                    node.append_child(Leaf(token.RPAR, ""))
+                _normalize_import_from(node, child, index)

                 break
                 break

+            elif (
+                index == 1
+                and child.type == token.STAR
+                and node.type == syms.except_clause
+            ):
+                # In except* (PEP 654), the star is actually part of
+                # of the keyword. So we need to skip the insertion of
+                # invisible parentheses to work more precisely.
+                continue

 
             elif not (isinstance(child, Leaf) and is_multiline_string(child)):
                 wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
 
 
             elif not (isinstance(child, Leaf) and is_multiline_string(child)):
                 wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
 

-        check_lpar = isinstance(child, Leaf) and child.value in parens_after
+        comma_check = child.type == token.COMMA
+
+        check_lpar = isinstance(child, Leaf) and (
+            child.value in parens_after or comma_check
+        )
+
+
+def _normalize_import_from(parent: Node, child: LN, index: int) -> None:
+    # "import from" nodes store parentheses directly as part of
+    # the statement
+    if is_lpar_token(child):
+        assert is_rpar_token(parent.children[-1])
+        # make parentheses invisible
+        child.value = ""
+        parent.children[-1].value = ""
+    elif child.type != token.STAR:
+        # insert invisible parentheses
+        parent.insert_child(index, Leaf(token.LPAR, ""))
+        parent.append_child(Leaf(token.RPAR, ""))
+

 
 

+def remove_await_parens(node: Node) -> None:
+    if node.children[0].type == token.AWAIT and len(node.children) > 1:
+        if (
+            node.children[1].type == syms.atom
+            and node.children[1].children[0].type == token.LPAR
+        ):
+            if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+                node.children[1],
+                parent=node,
+                remove_brackets_around_comma=True,
+            ):
+                wrap_in_parentheses(node, node.children[1], visible=False)
+
+            # Since await is an expression we shouldn't remove
+            # brackets in cases where this would change
+            # the AST due to operator precedence.
+            # Therefore we only aim to remove brackets around
+            # power nodes that aren't also await expressions themselves.
+            # https://peps.python.org/pep-0492/#updated-operator-precedence-table
+            # N.B. We've still removed any redundant nested brackets though :)
+            opening_bracket = cast(Leaf, node.children[1].children[0])
+            closing_bracket = cast(Leaf, node.children[1].children[-1])
+            bracket_contents = node.children[1].children[1]
+            if isinstance(bracket_contents, Node):
+                if bracket_contents.type != syms.power:
+                    ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
+                    ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
+                elif (
+                    bracket_contents.type == syms.power
+                    and bracket_contents.children[0].type == token.AWAIT
+                ):
+                    ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
+                    ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
+                    # If we are in a nested await then recurse down.
+                    remove_await_parens(bracket_contents)

 
 

-def maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(node: LN, parent: LN) -> bool:
+
+def _maybe_wrap_cms_in_parens(
+    node: Node, mode: Mode, features: Collection[Feature]
+) -> None:
+    """When enabled and safe, wrap the multiple context managers in invisible parens.
+
+    It is only safe when `features` contain Feature.PARENTHESIZED_CONTEXT_MANAGERS.
+    """
+    if (
+        Feature.PARENTHESIZED_CONTEXT_MANAGERS not in features
+        or Preview.wrap_multiple_context_managers_in_parens not in mode
+        or len(node.children) <= 2
+        # If it's an atom, it's already wrapped in parens.
+        or node.children[1].type == syms.atom
+    ):
+        return
+    colon_index: Optional[int] = None
+    for i in range(2, len(node.children)):
+        if node.children[i].type == token.COLON:
+            colon_index = i
+            break
+    if colon_index is not None:
+        lpar = Leaf(token.LPAR, "")
+        rpar = Leaf(token.RPAR, "")
+        context_managers = node.children[1:colon_index]
+        for child in context_managers:
+            child.remove()
+        # After wrapping, the with_stmt will look like this:
+        #   with_stmt
+        #     NAME 'with'
+        #     atom
+        #       LPAR ''
+        #       testlist_gexp
+        #         ... <-- context_managers
+        #       /testlist_gexp
+        #       RPAR ''
+        #     /atom
+        #     COLON ':'
+        new_child = Node(
+            syms.atom, [lpar, Node(syms.testlist_gexp, context_managers), rpar]
+        )
+        node.insert_child(1, new_child)
+
+
+def remove_with_parens(node: Node, parent: Node) -> None:
+    """Recursively hide optional parens in `with` statements."""
+    # Removing all unnecessary parentheses in with statements in one pass is a tad
+    # complex as different variations of bracketed statements result in pretty
+    # different parse trees:
+    #
+    # with (open("file")) as f:                       # this is an asexpr_test
+    #     ...
+    #
+    # with (open("file") as f):                       # this is an atom containing an
+    #     ...                                         # asexpr_test
+    #
+    # with (open("file")) as f, (open("file")) as f:  # this is asexpr_test, COMMA,
+    #     ...                                         # asexpr_test
+    #
+    # with (open("file") as f, open("file") as f):    # an atom containing a
+    #     ...                                         # testlist_gexp which then
+    #                                                 # contains multiple asexpr_test(s)
+    if node.type == syms.atom:
+        if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+            node,
+            parent=parent,
+            remove_brackets_around_comma=True,
+        ):
+            wrap_in_parentheses(parent, node, visible=False)
+        if isinstance(node.children[1], Node):
+            remove_with_parens(node.children[1], node)
+    elif node.type == syms.testlist_gexp:
+        for child in node.children:
+            if isinstance(child, Node):
+                remove_with_parens(child, node)
+    elif node.type == syms.asexpr_test and not any(
+        leaf.type == token.COLONEQUAL for leaf in node.leaves()
+    ):
+        if maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+            node.children[0],
+            parent=node,
+            remove_brackets_around_comma=True,
+        ):
+            wrap_in_parentheses(node, node.children[0], visible=False)
+
+
+def maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+    node: LN,
+    parent: LN,
+    remove_brackets_around_comma: bool = False,
+) -> bool:

     """If it's safe, make the parens in the atom `node` invisible, recursively.
     Additionally, remove repeated, adjacent invisible parens from the atom `node`
     as they are redundant.
 
     Returns whether the node should itself be wrapped in invisible parentheses.
     """If it's safe, make the parens in the atom `node` invisible, recursively.
     Additionally, remove repeated, adjacent invisible parens from the atom `node`
     as they are redundant.
 
     Returns whether the node should itself be wrapped in invisible parentheses.

-

     """
     """

-

     if (
         node.type != syms.atom
         or is_empty_tuple(node)
         or is_one_tuple(node)
         or (is_yield(node) and parent.type != syms.expr_stmt)
     if (
         node.type != syms.atom
         or is_empty_tuple(node)
         or is_one_tuple(node)
         or (is_yield(node) and parent.type != syms.expr_stmt)

-        or max_delimiter_priority_in_atom(node) >= COMMA_PRIORITY
+        or (
+            # This condition tries to prevent removing non-optional brackets
+            # around a tuple, however, can be a bit overzealous so we provide
+            # and option to skip this check for `for` and `with` statements.
+            not remove_brackets_around_comma
+            and max_delimiter_priority_in_atom(node) >= COMMA_PRIORITY
+        )
+        or is_tuple_containing_walrus(node)

     ):
         return False
 
     ):
         return False
 


@@ -817,20 +1333,28 @@ def maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(node: LN, parent: LN) -> bool:
             syms.expr_stmt,
             syms.assert_stmt,
             syms.return_stmt,
             syms.expr_stmt,
             syms.assert_stmt,
             syms.return_stmt,

+            syms.except_clause,
+            syms.funcdef,
+            syms.with_stmt,

             # these ones aren't useful to end users, but they do please fuzzers
             syms.for_stmt,
             syms.del_stmt,
             # these ones aren't useful to end users, but they do please fuzzers
             syms.for_stmt,
             syms.del_stmt,

+            syms.for_stmt,

         ]:
             return False
 
     first = node.children[0]
     last = node.children[-1]
         ]:
             return False
 
     first = node.children[0]
     last = node.children[-1]

-    if first.type == token.LPAR and last.type == token.RPAR:
+    if is_lpar_token(first) and is_rpar_token(last):

         middle = node.children[1]
         # make parentheses invisible
         middle = node.children[1]
         # make parentheses invisible

-        first.value = ""  # type: ignore
-        last.value = ""  # type: ignore
-        maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(middle, parent=parent)
+        first.value = ""
+        last.value = ""
+        maybe_make_parens_invisible_in_atom(
+            middle,
+            parent=parent,
+            remove_brackets_around_comma=remove_brackets_around_comma,
+        )

 
         if is_atom_with_invisible_parens(middle):
             # Strip the invisible parens from `middle` by replacing
 
         if is_atom_with_invisible_parens(middle):
             # Strip the invisible parens from `middle` by replacing


@@ -905,7 +1429,8 @@ def generate_trailers_to_omit(line: Line, line_length: int) -> Iterator[Set[Leaf
                 if (
                     prev
                     and prev.type == token.COMMA
                 if (
                     prev
                     and prev.type == token.COMMA

-                    and not is_one_tuple_between(
+                    and leaf.opening_bracket is not None
+                    and not is_one_sequence_between(

                         leaf.opening_bracket, leaf, line.leaves
                     )
                 ):
                         leaf.opening_bracket, leaf, line.leaves
                     )
                 ):


@@ -932,7 +1457,8 @@ def generate_trailers_to_omit(line: Line, line_length: int) -> Iterator[Set[Leaf
             if (
                 prev
                 and prev.type == token.COMMA
             if (
                 prev
                 and prev.type == token.COMMA

-                and not is_one_tuple_between(leaf.opening_bracket, leaf, line.leaves)
+                and leaf.opening_bracket is not None
+                and not is_one_sequence_between(leaf.opening_bracket, leaf, line.leaves)

             ):
                 # Never omit bracket pairs with trailing commas.
                 # We need to explode on those.
             ):
                 # Never omit bracket pairs with trailing commas.
                 # We need to explode on those.


@@ -960,20 +1486,27 @@ def run_transformer(
 
         result.extend(transform_line(transformed_line, mode=mode, features=features))
 
 
         result.extend(transform_line(transformed_line, mode=mode, features=features))
 

-    if not (
-        transform.__name__ == "rhs"
-        and line.bracket_tracker.invisible
-        and not any(bracket.value for bracket in line.bracket_tracker.invisible)
-        and not line.contains_multiline_strings()
-        and not result[0].contains_uncollapsable_type_comments()
-        and not result[0].contains_unsplittable_type_ignore()
-        and not is_line_short_enough(result[0], line_length=mode.line_length)
+    features_set = set(features)
+    if (
+        Feature.FORCE_OPTIONAL_PARENTHESES in features_set
+        or transform.__class__.__name__ != "rhs"
+        or not line.bracket_tracker.invisible
+        or any(bracket.value for bracket in line.bracket_tracker.invisible)
+        or line.contains_multiline_strings()
+        or result[0].contains_uncollapsable_type_comments()
+        or result[0].contains_unsplittable_type_ignore()
+        or is_line_short_enough(result[0], line_length=mode.line_length)
+        # If any leaves have no parents (which _can_ occur since
+        # `transform(line)` potentially destroys the line's underlying node
+        # structure), then we can't proceed. Doing so would cause the below
+        # call to `append_leaves()` to fail.
+        or any(leaf.parent is None for leaf in line.leaves)

     ):
         return result
 
     line_copy = line.clone()
     append_leaves(line_copy, line, line.leaves)
     ):
         return result
 
     line_copy = line.clone()
     append_leaves(line_copy, line, line.leaves)

-    features_fop = set(features) | {Feature.FORCE_OPTIONAL_PARENTHESES}
+    features_fop = features_set | {Feature.FORCE_OPTIONAL_PARENTHESES}

     second_opinion = run_transformer(
         line_copy, transform, mode, features_fop, line_str=line_str
     )
     second_opinion = run_transformer(
         line_copy, transform, mode, features_fop, line_str=line_str
     )