All patches and comments are welcome. Please squash your changes to logical
commits before using git-format-patch and git-send-email to
patches@git.madduck.net.
If you'd read over the Git project's submission guidelines and adhered to them,
I'd be especially grateful.
1 # Grammar for 2to3. This grammar supports Python 2.x and 3.x.
3 # NOTE WELL: You should also follow all the steps listed at
4 # https://devguide.python.org/grammar/
6 # Start symbols for the grammar:
7 # file_input is a module or sequence of commands read from an input file;
8 # single_input is a single interactive statement;
9 # eval_input is the input for the eval() and input() functions.
10 # NB: compound_stmt in single_input is followed by extra NEWLINE!
11 file_input: (NEWLINE | stmt)* ENDMARKER
12 single_input: NEWLINE | simple_stmt | compound_stmt NEWLINE
13 eval_input: testlist NEWLINE* ENDMARKER
15 typevar: NAME [':' expr]
17 typevartuple: '*' NAME
18 typeparam: typevar | paramspec | typevartuple
19 typeparams: '[' typeparam (',' typeparam)* [','] ']'
21 decorator: '@' namedexpr_test NEWLINE
22 decorators: decorator+
23 decorated: decorators (classdef | funcdef | async_funcdef)
24 async_funcdef: ASYNC funcdef
25 funcdef: 'def' NAME [typeparams] parameters ['->' test] ':' suite
26 parameters: '(' [typedargslist] ')'
28 # The following definition for typedarglist is equivalent to this set of rules:
30 # arguments = argument (',' argument)*
31 # argument = tfpdef ['=' test]
32 # kwargs = '**' tname [',']
33 # args = '*' [tname_star]
34 # kwonly_kwargs = (',' argument)* [',' [kwargs]]
35 # args_kwonly_kwargs = args kwonly_kwargs | kwargs
36 # poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs = arguments [',' [args_kwonly_kwargs]]
37 # typedargslist_no_posonly = poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs | args_kwonly_kwargs
38 # typedarglist = arguments ',' '/' [',' [typedargslist_no_posonly]])|(typedargslist_no_posonly)"
40 # It needs to be fully expanded to allow our LL(1) parser to work on it.
42 typedargslist: tfpdef ['=' test] (',' tfpdef ['=' test])* ',' '/' [
43 ',' [((tfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [tname_star] (',' tname ['=' test])*
44 [',' ['**' tname [',']]] | '**' tname [','])
45 | tfpdef ['=' test] (',' tfpdef ['=' test])* [','])]
46 ] | ((tfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [tname_star] (',' tname ['=' test])*
47 [',' ['**' tname [',']]] | '**' tname [','])
48 | tfpdef ['=' test] (',' tfpdef ['=' test])* [','])
50 tname: NAME [':' test]
51 tname_star: NAME [':' (test|star_expr)]
52 tfpdef: tname | '(' tfplist ')'
53 tfplist: tfpdef (',' tfpdef)* [',']
55 # The following definition for varargslist is equivalent to this set of rules:
57 # arguments = argument (',' argument )*
58 # argument = vfpdef ['=' test]
59 # kwargs = '**' vname [',']
61 # kwonly_kwargs = (',' argument )* [',' [kwargs]]
62 # args_kwonly_kwargs = args kwonly_kwargs | kwargs
63 # poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs = arguments [',' [args_kwonly_kwargs]]
64 # vararglist_no_posonly = poskeyword_args_kwonly_kwargs | args_kwonly_kwargs
65 # varargslist = arguments ',' '/' [','[(vararglist_no_posonly)]] | (vararglist_no_posonly)
67 # It needs to be fully expanded to allow our LL(1) parser to work on it.
69 varargslist: vfpdef ['=' test ](',' vfpdef ['=' test])* ',' '/' [',' [
70 ((vfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [vname] (',' vname ['=' test])*
71 [',' ['**' vname [',']]] | '**' vname [','])
72 | vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [','])
73 ]] | ((vfpdef ['=' test] ',')*
74 ('*' [vname] (',' vname ['=' test])* [',' ['**' vname [',']]]| '**' vname [','])
75 | vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [','])
78 vfpdef: vname | '(' vfplist ')'
79 vfplist: vfpdef (',' vfpdef)* [',']
81 stmt: simple_stmt | compound_stmt
82 simple_stmt: small_stmt (';' small_stmt)* [';'] NEWLINE
83 small_stmt: (type_stmt | expr_stmt | print_stmt | del_stmt | pass_stmt | flow_stmt |
84 import_stmt | global_stmt | exec_stmt | assert_stmt)
85 expr_stmt: testlist_star_expr (annassign | augassign (yield_expr|testlist) |
86 ('=' (yield_expr|testlist_star_expr))*)
87 annassign: ':' test ['=' (yield_expr|testlist_star_expr)]
88 testlist_star_expr: (test|star_expr) (',' (test|star_expr))* [',']
89 augassign: ('+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '@=' | '/=' | '%=' | '&=' | '|=' | '^=' |
90 '<<=' | '>>=' | '**=' | '//=')
91 # For normal and annotated assignments, additional restrictions enforced by the interpreter
92 print_stmt: 'print' ( [ test (',' test)* [','] ] |
93 '>>' test [ (',' test)+ [','] ] )
94 del_stmt: 'del' exprlist
96 flow_stmt: break_stmt | continue_stmt | return_stmt | raise_stmt | yield_stmt
98 continue_stmt: 'continue'
99 return_stmt: 'return' [testlist_star_expr]
100 yield_stmt: yield_expr
101 raise_stmt: 'raise' [test ['from' test | ',' test [',' test]]]
102 import_stmt: import_name | import_from
103 import_name: 'import' dotted_as_names
104 import_from: ('from' ('.'* dotted_name | '.'+)
105 'import' ('*' | '(' import_as_names ')' | import_as_names))
106 import_as_name: NAME ['as' NAME]
107 dotted_as_name: dotted_name ['as' NAME]
108 import_as_names: import_as_name (',' import_as_name)* [',']
109 dotted_as_names: dotted_as_name (',' dotted_as_name)*
110 dotted_name: NAME ('.' NAME)*
111 global_stmt: ('global' | 'nonlocal') NAME (',' NAME)*
112 exec_stmt: 'exec' expr ['in' test [',' test]]
113 assert_stmt: 'assert' test [',' test]
114 type_stmt: "type" NAME [typeparams] '=' expr
116 compound_stmt: if_stmt | while_stmt | for_stmt | try_stmt | with_stmt | funcdef | classdef | decorated | async_stmt | match_stmt
117 async_stmt: ASYNC (funcdef | with_stmt | for_stmt)
118 if_stmt: 'if' namedexpr_test ':' suite ('elif' namedexpr_test ':' suite)* ['else' ':' suite]
119 while_stmt: 'while' namedexpr_test ':' suite ['else' ':' suite]
120 for_stmt: 'for' exprlist 'in' testlist_star_expr ':' suite ['else' ':' suite]
121 try_stmt: ('try' ':' suite
122 ((except_clause ':' suite)+
124 ['finally' ':' suite] |
125 'finally' ':' suite))
126 with_stmt: 'with' asexpr_test (',' asexpr_test)* ':' suite
128 # NB compile.c makes sure that the default except clause is last
129 except_clause: 'except' ['*'] [test [(',' | 'as') test]]
130 suite: simple_stmt | NEWLINE INDENT stmt+ DEDENT
132 # Backward compatibility cruft to support:
133 # [ x for x in lambda: True, lambda: False if x() ]
134 # even while also allowing:
135 # lambda x: 5 if x else 2
136 # (But not a mix of the two)
137 testlist_safe: old_test [(',' old_test)+ [',']]
138 old_test: or_test | old_lambdef
139 old_lambdef: 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' old_test
141 namedexpr_test: asexpr_test [':=' asexpr_test]
143 # This is actually not a real rule, though since the parser is very
144 # limited in terms of the strategy about match/case rules, we are inserting
145 # a virtual case (<expr> as <expr>) as a valid expression. Unless a better
146 # approach is thought, the only side effect of this seem to be just allowing
147 # more stuff to be parser (which would fail on the ast).
148 asexpr_test: test ['as' test]
150 test: or_test ['if' or_test 'else' test] | lambdef
151 or_test: and_test ('or' and_test)*
152 and_test: not_test ('and' not_test)*
153 not_test: 'not' not_test | comparison
154 comparison: expr (comp_op expr)*
155 comp_op: '<'|'>'|'=='|'>='|'<='|'<>'|'!='|'in'|'not' 'in'|'is'|'is' 'not'
157 expr: xor_expr ('|' xor_expr)*
158 xor_expr: and_expr ('^' and_expr)*
159 and_expr: shift_expr ('&' shift_expr)*
160 shift_expr: arith_expr (('<<'|'>>') arith_expr)*
161 arith_expr: term (('+'|'-') term)*
162 term: factor (('*'|'@'|'/'|'%'|'//') factor)*
163 factor: ('+'|'-'|'~') factor | power
164 power: [AWAIT] atom trailer* ['**' factor]
165 atom: ('(' [yield_expr|testlist_gexp] ')' |
166 '[' [listmaker] ']' |
167 '{' [dictsetmaker] '}' |
169 NAME | NUMBER | STRING+ | '.' '.' '.')
170 listmaker: (namedexpr_test|star_expr) ( old_comp_for | (',' (namedexpr_test|star_expr))* [','] )
171 testlist_gexp: (namedexpr_test|star_expr) ( old_comp_for | (',' (namedexpr_test|star_expr))* [','] )
172 lambdef: 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' test
173 trailer: '(' [arglist] ')' | '[' subscriptlist ']' | '.' NAME
174 subscriptlist: (subscript|star_expr) (',' (subscript|star_expr))* [',']
175 subscript: test [':=' test] | [test] ':' [test] [sliceop]
177 exprlist: (expr|star_expr) (',' (expr|star_expr))* [',']
178 testlist: test (',' test)* [',']
179 dictsetmaker: ( ((test ':' asexpr_test | '**' expr)
180 (comp_for | (',' (test ':' asexpr_test | '**' expr))* [','])) |
181 ((test [':=' test] | star_expr)
182 (comp_for | (',' (test [':=' test] | star_expr))* [','])) )
184 classdef: 'class' NAME [typeparams] ['(' [arglist] ')'] ':' suite
186 arglist: argument (',' argument)* [',']
188 # "test '=' test" is really "keyword '=' test", but we have no such token.
189 # These need to be in a single rule to avoid grammar that is ambiguous
190 # to our LL(1) parser. Even though 'test' includes '*expr' in star_expr,
191 # we explicitly match '*' here, too, to give it proper precedence.
192 # Illegal combinations and orderings are blocked in ast.c:
193 # multiple (test comp_for) arguments are blocked; keyword unpackings
194 # that precede iterable unpackings are blocked; etc.
195 argument: ( test [comp_for] |
196 test ':=' test [comp_for] |
198 test '=' asexpr_test |
202 comp_iter: comp_for | comp_if
203 comp_for: [ASYNC] 'for' exprlist 'in' or_test [comp_iter]
204 comp_if: 'if' old_test [comp_iter]
206 # As noted above, testlist_safe extends the syntax allowed in list
207 # comprehensions and generators. We can't use it indiscriminately in all
208 # derivations using a comp_for-like pattern because the testlist_safe derivation
209 # contains comma which clashes with trailing comma in arglist.
211 # This was an issue because the parser would not follow the correct derivation
212 # when parsing syntactically valid Python code. Since testlist_safe was created
213 # specifically to handle list comprehensions and generator expressions enclosed
214 # with parentheses, it's safe to only use it in those. That avoids the issue; we
215 # can parse code like set(x for x in [],).
217 # The syntax supported by this set of rules is not a valid Python 3 syntax,
218 # hence the prefix "old".
220 # See https://bugs.python.org/issue27494
221 old_comp_iter: old_comp_for | old_comp_if
222 old_comp_for: [ASYNC] 'for' exprlist 'in' testlist_safe [old_comp_iter]
223 old_comp_if: 'if' old_test [old_comp_iter]
225 testlist1: test (',' test)*
227 # not used in grammar, but may appear in "node" passed from Parser to Compiler
230 yield_expr: 'yield' [yield_arg]
231 yield_arg: 'from' test | testlist_star_expr
234 # 3.10 match statement definition
236 # PS: normally the grammar is much much more restricted, but
237 # at this moment for not trying to bother much with encoding the
238 # exact same DSL in a LL(1) parser, we will just accept an expression
239 # and let the ast.parse() step of the safe mode to reject invalid
242 # The reason why it is more restricted is that, patterns are some
243 # sort of a DSL (more advanced than our LHS on assignments, but
244 # still in a very limited python subset). They are not really
245 # expressions, but who cares. If we can parse them, that is enough
248 match_stmt: "match" subject_expr ':' NEWLINE INDENT case_block+ DEDENT
250 # This is more permissive than the actual version. For example it
251 # accepts `match *something:`, even though single-item starred expressions
253 subject_expr: (namedexpr_test|star_expr) (',' (namedexpr_test|star_expr))* [',']
256 case_block: "case" patterns [guard] ':' suite
257 guard: 'if' namedexpr_test
258 patterns: pattern (',' pattern)* [',']
259 pattern: (expr|star_expr) ['as' expr]