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1 # Copyright 2004-2005 Elemental Security, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2 # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
4 """Parser engine for the grammar tables generated by pgen.
6 The grammar table must be loaded first.
8 See Parser/parser.c in the Python distribution for additional info on
9 how this parsing engine works.
16 class ParseError(Exception):
17 """Exception to signal the parser is stuck."""
19 def __init__(self, msg, type, value, context):
20 Exception.__init__(self, "%s: type=%r, value=%r, context=%r" %
21 (msg, type, value, context))
25 self.context = context
30 The proper usage sequence is:
32 p = Parser(grammar, [converter]) # create instance
33 p.setup([start]) # prepare for parsing
34 <for each input token>:
35 if p.addtoken(...): # parse a token; may raise ParseError
37 root = p.rootnode # root of abstract syntax tree
39 A Parser instance may be reused by calling setup() repeatedly.
41 A Parser instance contains state pertaining to the current token
42 sequence, and should not be used concurrently by different threads
43 to parse separate token sequences.
45 See driver.py for how to get input tokens by tokenizing a file or
48 Parsing is complete when addtoken() returns True; the root of the
49 abstract syntax tree can then be retrieved from the rootnode
50 instance variable. When a syntax error occurs, addtoken() raises
51 the ParseError exception. There is no error recovery; the parser
52 cannot be used after a syntax error was reported (but it can be
53 reinitialized by calling setup()).
57 def __init__(self, grammar, convert=None):
60 The grammar argument is a grammar.Grammar instance; see the
61 grammar module for more information.
63 The parser is not ready yet for parsing; you must call the
64 setup() method to get it started.
66 The optional convert argument is a function mapping concrete
67 syntax tree nodes to abstract syntax tree nodes. If not
68 given, no conversion is done and the syntax tree produced is
69 the concrete syntax tree. If given, it must be a function of
70 two arguments, the first being the grammar (a grammar.Grammar
71 instance), and the second being the concrete syntax tree node
72 to be converted. The syntax tree is converted from the bottom
75 A concrete syntax tree node is a (type, value, context, nodes)
76 tuple, where type is the node type (a token or symbol number),
77 value is None for symbols and a string for tokens, context is
78 None or an opaque value used for error reporting (typically a
79 (lineno, offset) pair), and nodes is a list of children for
80 symbols, and None for tokens.
82 An abstract syntax tree node may be anything; this is entirely
83 up to the converter function.
86 self.grammar = grammar
87 self.convert = convert or (lambda grammar, node: node)
89 def setup(self, start=None):
90 """Prepare for parsing.
92 This *must* be called before starting to parse.
94 The optional argument is an alternative start symbol; it
95 defaults to the grammar's start symbol.
97 You can use a Parser instance to parse any number of programs;
98 each time you call setup() the parser is reset to an initial
99 state determined by the (implicit or explicit) start symbol.
103 start = self.grammar.start
104 # Each stack entry is a tuple: (dfa, state, node).
105 # A node is a tuple: (type, value, context, children),
106 # where children is a list of nodes or None, and context may be None.
107 newnode = (start, None, None, [])
108 stackentry = (self.grammar.dfas[start], 0, newnode)
109 self.stack = [stackentry]
111 self.used_names = set() # Aliased to self.rootnode.used_names in pop()
113 def addtoken(self, type, value, context):
114 """Add a token; return True iff this is the end of the program."""
115 # Map from token to label
116 ilabel = self.classify(type, value, context)
117 # Loop until the token is shifted; may raise exceptions
119 dfa, state, node = self.stack[-1]
122 # Look for a state with this label
123 for i, newstate in arcs:
124 t, v = self.grammar.labels[i]
126 # Look it up in the list of labels
128 # Shift a token; we're done with it
129 self.shift(type, value, newstate, context)
130 # Pop while we are in an accept-only state
132 while states[state] == [(0, state)]:
137 dfa, state, node = self.stack[-1]
139 # Done with this token
142 # See if it's a symbol and if we're in its first set
143 itsdfa = self.grammar.dfas[t]
144 itsstates, itsfirst = itsdfa
145 if ilabel in itsfirst:
147 self.push(t, self.grammar.dfas[t], newstate, context)
148 break # To continue the outer while loop
150 if (0, state) in arcs:
151 # An accepting state, pop it and try something else
154 # Done parsing, but another token is input
155 raise ParseError("too much input",
156 type, value, context)
158 # No success finding a transition
159 raise ParseError("bad input", type, value, context)
161 def classify(self, type, value, context):
162 """Turn a token into a label. (Internal)"""
163 if type == token.NAME:
164 # Keep a listing of all used names
165 self.used_names.add(value)
166 # Check for reserved words
167 ilabel = self.grammar.keywords.get(value)
168 if ilabel is not None:
170 ilabel = self.grammar.tokens.get(type)
172 raise ParseError("bad token", type, value, context)
175 def shift(self, type, value, newstate, context):
176 """Shift a token. (Internal)"""
177 dfa, state, node = self.stack[-1]
178 newnode = (type, value, context, None)
179 newnode = self.convert(self.grammar, newnode)
180 if newnode is not None:
181 node[-1].append(newnode)
182 self.stack[-1] = (dfa, newstate, node)
184 def push(self, type, newdfa, newstate, context):
185 """Push a nonterminal. (Internal)"""
186 dfa, state, node = self.stack[-1]
187 newnode = (type, None, context, [])
188 self.stack[-1] = (dfa, newstate, node)
189 self.stack.append((newdfa, 0, newnode))
192 """Pop a nonterminal. (Internal)"""
193 popdfa, popstate, popnode = self.stack.pop()
194 newnode = self.convert(self.grammar, popnode)
195 if newnode is not None:
197 dfa, state, node = self.stack[-1]
198 node[-1].append(newnode)
200 self.rootnode = newnode
201 self.rootnode.used_names = self.used_names