README.md

   1 ![Black Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psf/black/main/docs/_static/logo2-readme.png)
   2
   3 <h2 align="center">The Uncompromising Code Formatter</h2>
   4
   5 <p align="center">
   6 <a href="https://github.com/psf/black/actions"><img alt="Actions Status" src="https://github.com/psf/black/workflows/Test/badge.svg"></a>
   7 <a href="https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/?badge=stable"><img alt="Documentation Status" src="https://readthedocs.org/projects/black/badge/?version=stable"></a>
   8 <a href="https://coveralls.io/github/psf/black?branch=main"><img alt="Coverage Status" src="https://coveralls.io/repos/github/psf/black/badge.svg?branch=main"></a>
   9 <a href="https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/LICENSE"><img alt="License: MIT" src="https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/_static/license.svg"></a>
  10 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/black/"><img alt="PyPI" src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/black"></a>
  11 <a href="https://pepy.tech/project/black"><img alt="Downloads" src="https://pepy.tech/badge/black"></a>
  12 <a href="https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/black/"><img alt="conda-forge" src="https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/black.svg?label=conda-forge"></a>
  13 <a href="https://github.com/psf/black"><img alt="Code style: black" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg"></a>
  14 </p>
  15
  16 > “Any color you like.”
  17
  18 _Black_ is the uncompromising Python code formatter. By using it, you agree to cede
  19 control over minutiae of hand-formatting. In return, _Black_ gives you speed,
  20 determinism, and freedom from `pycodestyle` nagging about formatting. You will save time
  21 and mental energy for more important matters.
  22
  23 Blackened code looks the same regardless of the project you're reading. Formatting
  24 becomes transparent after a while and you can focus on the content instead.
  25
  26 _Black_ makes code review faster by producing the smallest diffs possible.
  27
  28 Try it out now using the [Black Playground](https://black.vercel.app). Watch the
  29 [PyCon 2019 talk](https://youtu.be/esZLCuWs_2Y) to learn more.
  30
  31 ---
  32
  33 **[Read the documentation on ReadTheDocs!](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable)**
  34
  35 ---
  36
  37 ## Installation and usage
  38
  39 ### Installation
  40
  41 _Black_ can be installed by running `pip install black`. It requires Python 3.6.2+ to
  42 run. If you want to format Jupyter Notebooks, install with
  43 `pip install 'black[jupyter]'`.
  44
  45 If you can't wait for the latest _hotness_ and want to install from GitHub, use:
  46
  47 `pip install git+https://github.com/psf/black`
  48
  49 ### Usage
  50
  51 To get started right away with sensible defaults:
  52
  53 ```sh
  54 black {source_file_or_directory}
  55 ```
  56
  57 You can run _Black_ as a package if running it as a script doesn't work:
  58
  59 ```sh
  60 python -m black {source_file_or_directory}
  61 ```
  62
  63 Further information can be found in our docs:
  64
  65 - [Usage and Configuration](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/index.html)
  66
  67 _Black_ is already [successfully used](https://github.com/psf/black#used-by) by many
  68 projects, small and big. _Black_ has a comprehensive test suite, with efficient parallel
  69 tests, and our own auto formatting and parallel Continuous Integration runner. Now that
  70 we have become stable, you should not expect large formatting to changes in the future.
  71 Stylistic changes will mostly be responses to bug reports and support for new Python
  72 syntax. For more information please refer to the
  73 [The Black Code Style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/index.html).
  74
  75 Also, as a safety measure which slows down processing, _Black_ will check that the
  76 reformatted code still produces a valid AST that is effectively equivalent to the
  77 original (see the
  78 [Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#ast-before-and-after-formatting)
  79 section for details). If you're feeling confident, use `--fast`.
  80
  81 ## The _Black_ code style
  82
  83 _Black_ is a PEP 8 compliant opinionated formatter. _Black_ reformats entire files in
  84 place. Style configuration options are deliberately limited and rarely added. It doesn't
  85 take previous formatting into account (see
  86 [Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#pragmatism)
  87 for exceptions).
  88
  89 Our documentation covers the current _Black_ code style, but planned changes to it are
  90 also documented. They're both worth taking a look:
  91
  92 - [The _Black_ Code Style: Current style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html)
  93 - [The _Black_ Code Style: Future style](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/future_style.html)
  94
  95 Changes to the _Black_ code style are bound by the Stability Policy:
  96
  97 - [The _Black_ Code Style: Stability Policy](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/index.html#stability-policy)
  98
  99 Please refer to this document before submitting an issue. What seems like a bug might be
 100 intended behaviour.
 101
 102 ### Pragmatism
 103
 104 Early versions of _Black_ used to be absolutist in some respects. They took after its
 105 initial author. This was fine at the time as it made the implementation simpler and
 106 there were not many users anyway. Not many edge cases were reported. As a mature tool,
 107 _Black_ does make some exceptions to rules it otherwise holds.
 108
 109 - [The _Black_ code style: Pragmatism](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/the_black_code_style/current_style.html#pragmatism)
 110
 111 Please refer to this document before submitting an issue just like with the document
 112 above. What seems like a bug might be intended behaviour.
 113
 114 ## Configuration
 115
 116 _Black_ is able to read project-specific default values for its command line options
 117 from a `pyproject.toml` file. This is especially useful for specifying custom
 118 `--include` and `--exclude`/`--force-exclude`/`--extend-exclude` patterns for your
 119 project.
 120
 121 You can find more details in our documentation:
 122
 123 - [The basics: Configuration via a file](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/the_basics.html#configuration-via-a-file)
 124
 125 And if you're looking for more general configuration documentation:
 126
 127 - [Usage and Configuration](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage_and_configuration/index.html)
 128
 129 **Pro-tip**: If you're asking yourself "Do I need to configure anything?" the answer is
 130 "No". _Black_ is all about sensible defaults. Applying those defaults will have your
 131 code in compliance with many other _Black_ formatted projects.
 132
 133 ## Used by
 134
 135 The following notable open-source projects trust _Black_ with enforcing a consistent
 136 code style: pytest, tox, Pyramid, Django, Django Channels, Hypothesis, attrs,
 137 SQLAlchemy, Poetry, PyPA applications (Warehouse, Bandersnatch, Pipenv, virtualenv),
 138 pandas, Pillow, Twisted, LocalStack, every Datadog Agent Integration, Home Assistant,
 139 Zulip, Kedro, OpenOA, FLORIS, ORBIT, WOMBAT, and many more.
 140
 141 The following organizations use _Black_: Facebook, Dropbox, KeepTruckin, Mozilla, Quora,
 142 Duolingo, QuantumBlack, Tesla.
 143
 144 Are we missing anyone? Let us know.
 145
 146 ## Testimonials
 147
 148 **Mike Bayer**, [author of `SQLAlchemy`](https://www.sqlalchemy.org/):
 149
 150 > I can't think of any single tool in my entire programming career that has given me a
 151 > bigger productivity increase by its introduction. I can now do refactorings in about
 152 > 1% of the keystrokes that it would have taken me previously when we had no way for
 153 > code to format itself.
 154
 155 **Dusty Phillips**,
 156 [writer](https://smile.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=dusty+phillips):
 157
 158 > _Black_ is opinionated so you don't have to be.
 159
 160 **Hynek Schlawack**, [creator of `attrs`](https://www.attrs.org/), core developer of
 161 Twisted and CPython:
 162
 163 > An auto-formatter that doesn't suck is all I want for Xmas!
 164
 165 **Carl Meyer**, [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) core developer:
 166
 167 > At least the name is good.
 168
 169 **Kenneth Reitz**, creator of [`requests`](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
 170 and [`pipenv`](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pipenv/):
 171
 172 > This vastly improves the formatting of our code. Thanks a ton!
 173
 174 ## Show your style
 175
 176 Use the badge in your project's README.md:
 177
 178 ```md
 179 [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)
 180 ```
 181
 182 Using the badge in README.rst:
 183
 184 ```
 185 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg
 186     :target: https://github.com/psf/black
 187 ```
 188
 189 Looks like this:
 190 [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)
 191
 192 ## License
 193
 194 MIT
 195
 196 ## Contributing
 197
 198 Welcome! Happy to see you willing to make the project better. You can get started by
 199 reading this:
 200
 201 - [Contributing: The basics](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/the_basics.html)
 202
 203 You can also take a look at the rest of the contributing docs or talk with the
 204 developers:
 205
 206 - [Contributing documentation](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/index.html)
 207 - [Chat on Discord](https://discord.gg/RtVdv86PrH)
 208
 209 ## Change log
 210
 211 The log has become rather long. It moved to its own file.
 212
 213 See [CHANGES](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/latest/change_log.html).
 214
 215 ## Authors
 216
 217 The author list is quite long nowadays, so it lives in its own file.
 218
 219 See [AUTHORS.md](./AUTHORS.md)
 220
 221 ## Code of Conduct
 222
 223 Everyone participating in the _Black_ project, and in particular in the issue tracker,
 224 pull requests, and social media activity, is expected to treat other people with respect
 225 and more generally to follow the guidelines articulated in the
 226 [Python Community Code of Conduct](https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/).
 227
 228 At the same time, humor is encouraged. In fact, basic familiarity with Monty Python's
 229 Flying Circus is expected. We are not savages.
 230
 231 And if you _really_ need to slap somebody, do it with a fish while dancing.